ASTM F726-2006 Standard Test Method for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents《吸附剂的吸附性能试验》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 726 06Standard Test Method forSorbent Performance of Adsorbents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 726; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers laboratory tests that describe theperformance

3、 of adsorbents in removing nonemulsified oils andother floating, immiscible liquids from the surface of water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespons

4、ibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 8.3.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2859 Test Method for Ignition Charact

5、eristics of FinishedTextile Floor Covering MaterialsF 716 Test Methods for Sorbent Performance ofAbsorbents2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 141a Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and RelatedMaterials, Methods of Inspection, Sampling and Testing32.3 Military Specification:MIL-I-631D Insulation, Electric, Syn

6、thetic Resin Compo-sition, Nonrigid33. Terminology3.1 General Terminology:3.1.1 gellanta material such as a colloidal network orother aggregate network that pervades and holds a liquid in ahighly viscous fragile structure. Many gels may rapidly liquifywith added heat or ionic/polar addition. These m

7、aterials aresoluble/flowable in excess liquid.3.1.2 sorbentan insoluble material or mixture of materialsused to recover liquids through the mechanisms of absorptionor adsorption, or both.3.1.3 thickenera material (usually of higher molecularweight) that is soluble in excess liquid. These materials g

8、ofrom dry to gummy (viscoelastic) to flowable and then soluble.The final viscosity depends only on the liquid to solid ratio.3.1.4 universal sorbentan insoluble material or mixture ofmaterials that will sorb both hydrophobic and hydrophilicliquid spills.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 absorbenta material that

9、 picks up and retains aliquid distributed throughout its molecular structure causingthe solid to swell (50 % or more). The absorbent is at least70 % insoluble in excess fluid.3.2.2 adsorbentan insoluble material that is coated by aliquid on its surface including pores and capillaries without thesoli

10、d swelling more than 50 % in excess liquid.3.2.3 adsorbent cubage factor “C”this is the ratio ofsorbent volume used to the liquid volume sorbed.3.2.4 cubagedefines cubic content, volume, or displace-ment.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This StandardThis testmethod does not apply to belt, rope,

11、or weir type skimmingdevices.3.3.1 oila substantially water immiscible organic liquidthat will float on water (density less than 1 g/cm3), typicallywith surface tension less than 40 3 103N/m.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 onHazardous Substances and Oil Spill Respon

12、se and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F20.22 on Mitigation Actions.Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 726 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST

13、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright AS

14、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3.2 Type I adsorbent (roll, film, sheet, pad, blanket,web)a material with length and width much greater thanthickness and which has both linear form and strength suffi-cient to be handled either s

15、aturated or unsaturated.3.3.3 Type II adsorbent (loose)an unconsolidated, par-ticulate material without sufficient form and strength to behandled except with scoops and similar equipment.3.3.4 Type III adsorbent (enclosed):3.3.4.1 IIIa, pillowsadsorbent material contained by anouter fabric or nettin

16、g that has permeability to oil, but withopenings sufficiently small so as to substantially retain thesorbent material within the fabric or netting.3.3.4.2 IIIb, adsorbent boomsadsorbent material con-tained by an outer fabric or netting that has permeability to oris permeable to oil but with openings

17、 sufficiently small so as tosubstantially retain the sorbent material within the fabric ornetting. The lengthwise dimension substantially exceeds otherdimensions and with strength members running parallel withlength. Booms are also provided with connections for couplingadsorbent booms together.3.3.5

18、 Type IV-agglomeration unitan assemblage ofstrands, open netting, or other physical forms giving an openstructure that minimally impedes the intrusion into itself ofhigh viscosity oils. Normally for use with viscous oils, typi-cally above 10 000 cP viscosity. Said oils are then held in thisstructure

19、 permitting the composite oil/structure to be handled(pompoms).3.3.6 reusethe art of extracting adsorbed liquids from anadsorbent through rolls or other compression techniques per-mitting the adsorbent to be used once again; limitations onreuse may include the U.S. Clean Water Act or other legalrest

20、rictions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The adsorbent material is tested using established stan-dard tests for factors relating to storage, while speciallydeveloped tests are used for covering other performancefactors. Oil and water adsorption strength, buoyancy, andreusability tests are included amon

21、g these latter tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is to be used as a basis for comparisonof adsorbents in a consistent manner.5.2 These tests are not appropriate for absorbent materialsthat are covered in Methods F 716.6. Apparatus6.1 Exterior Exposure Tester, sufficient to be used un

22、derFederal Test Standard 141a, Method 6152, or actual exposureas detailed in 8.2.6.2 Test CellsThe dimensions of the test cells shall belarge enough to enable the adsorbent sample to float freelywithin the test cell. For Type I and Type II sorbents, therecommended test cell is a borosilicate 19 cm (

23、diameter) by 10cm (depth) crystallizing dish with a watch glass or glass platecover. For larger samples, a 53 by 56 cm plastic sink (laundrytub or equivalent) to accommodate the sample is recom-mended.6.3 Mesh BasketsThe basket shall be of a sufficient sizeand strength to accommodate the sample size

24、 and weight (150cm3, 4 to 10 g minimum) when saturated. The basket must notbe so tall as to interfere with a protective lid for the test cell.NOTE 1The mesh should retain the sorbent, yet allow free oil to drainaway from the sorbent.6.4 Shaker Table, capable of variable frequency from 20 to240 cycle

25、s/min and variable amplitude of 1 to 4 cm.6.5 Top Loading Balancefor Type I and II adsorbent,fitted with a hook or other handing mechanism, 400+ gmaximum capacity with 0.1 g resolution, or equivalent.6.6 Continuous Reading Hanging Scale, for Type III and IVadsorbent, fitted with a hook or other hand

26、ing mechanism, 50+kg maximum capacity with 100 g resolution, or equivalent.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition all adsorbent test specimens at 23 6 4C and70 6 20 % relative humidity for not less than 24 h prior totesting. Condition specimens in a fully exposed state with nocoverings or wrapping that would

27、hinder the ambient equili-bration process.7.2 If temperature conditions other than normal room tem-perature are expected to be important, then conditioning andtesting should be carried out at temperatures of interest inaddition to those specified in 7.1.8. Tests for Storage Properties8.1 Storage Den

28、sityThe density of the sorbent sample iscalculated by determining the weight of a known volume(standard sorbent package as delivered to the consumer) of thesorbent. If standard storage packages are not available, then themass of at least 1 L of sorbent is determined to calculate thestorage density.8

29、.2 MildewThe susceptibility of an adsorbent to mildewunder normal storage is defined under MIL-1-631D, Section3.5.7. The objective of this test is to determine expected shelflife under conditions which could lead to mildew.8.3 FlammabilityThe procedure for this test is describedin Test Method D 2859

30、, the Methenamine Pill Test. This testrelates to ignition from a spark, cigarette, or other point sourcesuch as might be encountered in normal shipping and storage.It should not be inferred that an adsorbent that passes this testwill fail to burn if ignited in another manner such as fullbuilding inv

31、olvement, bonfire, and so forth, and it shouldlikewise be understood that the test is limited to and pertains toonly unsaturated adsorbent samples as normally supplied bythe manufacturer.8.3.1 This test method should be used to measure anddescribe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies

32、 inresponse to heat and flame under controlled laboratory con-ditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the firehazard or fire risk of materials, products, assemblies underactual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be usedas elements of a fire risk assessment which takes

33、into accountall of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of thefire hazard of a particular end use.8.3.2 Test Type I adsorbents as a single sheet or pad assupplied by the vendor.F7260628.3.3 Uniformly arrange Type II adsorbents in a layer ofsufficient size to fit the test apparatus. The t

34、hickness should be1.5 mm uncompressed and arranged such that the bulk densityis equal to that found in the packaged product as supplied bythe manufacturer.8.3.4 Any type adsorbent can be tested in the package inwhich it is supplied by placing the standard Methenamine testmask on a flat portion of th

35、e package surface, and placing thepill in the center of the mask on the package and igniting it.Results would be interpreted as in the normal test.9. Tests for Performance Properties9.1 These tests involve the use of oils with a range ofviscosities and densities as indicated below.Oil Type Viscosity

36、 Range Density Range ExampleLight 1 to 10 cP 0.820 to 0.870 g/cm3Diesel fuelMedium 200 to 400 cP 0.860 to 0.970 g/cm3Crude oil, canola oilHeavy 1500 to 2500 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3Bunker C or residualfuelWeathered 8000 to 10 000 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3Emulsified crude oil9.2 Dynamic Degradation Test

37、This procedure is designedto test for water take-up and to determine oleophilic propertiesof an adsorbent sample under dynamic conditions. This test isperformed at 23 6 4C.9.2.1 Type I AdsorbentSample pieces of the adsorbent(four pieces cut with a sharp edge (to minimize compaction)into squares of a

38、pproximately 6 by 6 cm) are first weighed thenplaced ina4Ljarthat is half-filled with water and sealed. Thecontainer is then placed on its side and mounted on a shakertable, or similar device, set at a frequency of 150 cycles perminute and an amplitude of 3 cm for a duration of 15 min. Thecontents o

39、f the jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2 min.Observations pertaining to the condition of the adsorbent andthe condition of the water are recorded. Any adsorbent piecesthat do not remain floating at the surface of the water areconsidered to have failed this test. The contents of the jar ares

40、trained through a mesh basket to catch the adsorbent samples,which are then weighed after a 30 s drain period. The waterpick-up ratio is calculated from the weight measurements (see9.5).9.2.1.1 The jar is half-filled with fresh water and 3 mLof oil(medium crude, 300 cP oil, or equivalent) is added.

41、Theadsorbent sample is returned to the jar, which is then sealed.The jar is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, orsimilar device, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute andan amplitude of 3 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contents ofthe jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2

42、 min, at which timeobservations are noted. Observations include but are notlimited to: quantity of adsorbent submerged, physical appear-ance of adsorbent and water, and the persistence and color ofresidual test liquid sheen.9.2.2 Type II AdsorbentAn adsorbent sample (approxi-mately 4 to 10 g or a ma

43、ximum of 150 cm3) is first weighedthen placed in a 4L jar that is half-filled with water and sealed.The container is then placed on its side and mounted on ashaker table, or similar device, set at a frequency of 150 cyclesper minute and an amplitude of 3 cm for a duration of 15 min.The contents of t

44、he jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2min. Observations pertaining to the condition of the adsorbentand the condition of the water are recorded. If 10 % or more ofthe adsorbent material has sunk, then the adsorbent is consid-ered to have failed this test. The contents of the jar are strained

45、through a mesh basket to catch the adsorbent samples, whichare then weighed after a 30 s drain period. The water pick-upratio is calculated from the weight measurements (see 9.5).9.2.2.1 The jar is half-filled with fresh water and 3 mLof oil(medium crude, 300 cP oil, or equivalent) is added. Theadso

46、rbent sample is returned to the jar, which is then sealed.The jar is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, orsimilar device, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute andan amplitude of 3 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contents ofthe jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2 min, a

47、t which timeobservations are noted. Observations include but are notlimited to: quantity of adsorbent submerged, physical appear-ance of adsorbent and water, and the persistence and color ofresidual test liquid sheen.9.2.3 Types IIIa, IIIb, IV AdsorbentsBoth the outer fabricor netting and the filler

48、 material are tested independently forType III adsorbents. Samples are prepared according to theprotocol listed in 9.2.1 for the outer fabric or netting of Type IIIadsorbents and Type IV adsorbents, and the protocol listed in9.2.2 is used for any particulate filler material used in Type IIIadsorbent

49、s. If the adsorbent material fails to remain floating asdescribed in 9.2.1 or 9.2.2, then the adsorbent is deemed tohave failed the dynamic degradation test.9.3 Oil Adsorption-Short TestThis test gives idealizedlaboratory data that can be used to compare one adsorbents oilcapacity with another and likewise give relative cost effective-ness. It should be recognized that under normal use conditions,an adsorbent will not be exposed to sufficient oil layerthickness to become completely or rapidly saturated. This testwill, therefore, give maximum possible ca