ASTM F1011-1986(2001) Standard Guide for Developing a Hazardous Materials Training Curriculum for Initial Response Personnel《对最初治理人员开设危险品处理训练课程》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1011 86 (Reapproved 2001)Standard Guide forDeveloping a Hazardous Materials Training Curriculum forInitial Response Personnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1011; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the

2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a format for a hazardous materialsspill initial response team trainin

3、g curriculum. This guide isdesigned to assist trainers of initial response personnel inassessing the content of training curriculum by providingguidelines for subject content against which these curriculamay be evaluated. The guide should be tailored by the trainerto fit specific circumstances that

4、are present in the communityor industry where a spill may occur.1.2 Sections 56789 of this guide identify those trainingareas that should be considered in a curriculum. The area ofpreplanning is listed and this topic should be seriously consid-ered by the user. Training is only a small part of an ov

5、erall spillresponse contingency plan. A properly equipped and trainedspill response team cannot operate without a previously agreedplan of attack.1.3 Currently the Code of Federal Regulation 40 CFR 112,40 CFR 265, and 49 CFR 173 specify that producers, handlers,and shippers of hazardous materials sh

6、all plan and train forhazardous spill response. The broad interpretation of theseregulations could include the requirement to train state andlocal response organizations who may be required to handlehazardous materials in an emergency spill situation. Regardlessof the above regulatory requirements,

7、training is essential to aproper response in an emergency.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil

8、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Federal Regulations:40 CFR 112Oil Pollution Prevention240 CFR 265Interim Status Standards for Owners andOperators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, andDisposal Facilities249 CFR 173ShippersGeneral Requirements for Ship-ments

9、and Packagings22.2 Other Documents:DOT-P5800.2DOT Emergency Response Guide Book3NIOSH/OSHAPocket Guide to Chemical Hazards4Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in SurfaceTransportation5OSHA 20 or Materials Safety Data Sheets63. Summary of Guide3.1 This guide covers the following areas:3.1.1 Pre

10、planning,3.1.2 Initial Assessment,3.1.3 Personal Safety Equipment,3.1.4 Training, and3.1.5 Implementation of Plan of Attack.3.2 Preplanning covers the aspects of pre-accident planningthat should be considered by the response team members. Thisincludes identification of potential hazardous chemicals,

11、 spilllocations, and resource identification.3.3 Initial assessment outlines those assessments that shouldbe made when arriving at the accident location to assist in thedevelopment of a plan of attack.3.4 Personal Safety Equipment discusses those safety de-vices and their limitations that are availa

12、ble to the responseteam members.3.5 Training describes the activities that could be conductedby the team on a regular basis and the improvement of trainingplans after training exercises are completed.3.6 Implementation of plans describes how and in whatorder the plan of attack should be implemented.

13、4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide summarizes the typical contents of a courseto aid emergency response team training organizations inselecting important subjects for inclusion in existing or newtraining programs.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances a

14、nd Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.21 on Initial Response Actions.Current edition approved June 27, 1986. Published August 1986.2Available from U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.3Available from U. S. Department of Transportation, 400 7th Str

15、eet, S.W.,Washington, DC 20590.4Available from U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 200Independence Ave, S.W., Washington, DC 20201. Or available from U. S.Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20210.5Available from the Association of American Railroads/Bureau

16、of Explosives,1920 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20036.6OSHA 20 or Materials Safety Data Sheets are available from the specificchemical manufacturers.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Preplanning5.1 Identify all areas subject to hazardous mat

17、erials spills:5.1.1 Fixed facilities that store or produce hazardous mate-rials.5.1.2 Routes that are used by carriers to transport hazardousmaterials.5.2 Determine the type of hazardous material:5.2.1 Stored or produced.5.2.2 Transported:5.2.2.1 Contact truck companies.5.2.2.2 Contact rail companie

18、s.5.3 Identify physical, chemical, and hazardous characteris-tics of each material:5.3.1 Obtain OSHA 20 or Materials Safety Data Sheets foreach hazardous material identified.5.3.2 Suggested reference documents for data include thefollowing:5.3.2.1 Chemical handbooks; for example, CondensedChemical D

19、ictionary.5.3.2.2 DOT-P5800.2DOT Emergency Response GuideBook, U. S. Department of Transportation.5.3.2.3 NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards,U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, U. S.Department of Labor.5.3.2.4 Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials inSurface Transportation, Bu

20、reau of Explosives/Association ofAmerican Railroads.5.4 Determine the mitigation resources available to respond.5.4.1 A suggested reference is ASTM STP 825.75.4.2 Determine the number, qualifications, and location ofknowledgeable personnel:5.4.2.1 Local community.5.4.2.2 Private industry.5.4.3 Deter

21、mine type and quantity of mitigation equipmentavailable:5.4.3.1 Neutralizer.5.4.3.2 Foams.5.4.3.3 Water sources.5.4.3.4 Sorbents.5.4.3.5 Dispensing equipment.5.4.3.6 Containment equipment.5.4.4 Determine the type, location, and method of activationof all automatic response systems at the potential s

22、pill site.5.5 Identify critical population and environment areas adja-cent to hazardous material sites or routes:5.5.1 Schools, hospitals, shopping centers, etc.5.5.2 Water supplies, soil conditions, recreational areas, etc.5.6 Estimate the volume of the potential spill as follows:5.6.1 Obtain poten

23、tial spill volume estimates from storer,producer, or carrier.5.6.2 Calculate spill volume from tankage sizes.5.7 Determine spill drainage path for site or route asfollows:5.7.1 Attempt to determine the final spill location.5.7.2 Determine accessibility to the spill location.5.7.2.1 Establish travel

24、route, including alternates, to thelocation.5.7.2.2 Establish entry procedures.5.7.3 Evaluate resources that could be made available atfinal spill location (refer to 5.4).5.8 Determine vapor dispersion path for the site or route asfollows:5.8.1 Obtain normal meteorological data for area.5.8.2 Select

25、 a dispersion model.5.8.3 Develop vapor hazard corridor estimation procedures.5.8.4 Develop dispersion estimates for appropriate accidentscenarios.5.8.5 Evaluate dispersion modeling results uncertainties.5.8.6 Utilize dispersion model data in conjunction withpopulation data to estimate exposure pote

26、ntial.5.8.7 Consider specific chemical health impacts to identifypopulation risk.5.9 Establish an evacuation plan.5.10 Determine spill reporting responsibilities for the fol-lowing:5.10.1 Local.5.10.2 State.5.10.3 Federal.5.11 Develop a response plan with site or carrier manage-ment.6. Initial Asses

27、sment of Incident6.1 Hazardous Substance Physical Identification:6.1.1 Identify source of spill (that is, tanker truck, railcar,storage facility).6.1.2 Accurately identify substance spilled and its hazards:6.1.2.1 Substance Identification:(a) Department of Transportation (DOT) Placards.(b) United Na

28、tions (UN) Numbers.(c) Standard Transportation Commodity Code (STCC)Number.(d) Markings or material labels.(e) Shipping papers.6.1.2.2 Hazard(s) Identification:(a) Department of Transportation (DOT) Labels/Placards.(b) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Labels.(c) Physical observations.(d)

29、Detector measurements.6.1.3 Physical Characteristics:6.1.3.1 Solids.6.1.3.2 Liquid.6.1.3.3 Vapor.6.1.4 Approximate the volume of spill or the total volume atsource, or both.6.1.5 For a transportation accident, determine the shippersname.6.1.6 For all types of accidents, determine the manufactur-ers

30、name.6.1.7 Identify the person reporting spill.6.1.8 Determine the approximate time of the spill (maintainchronological record of events).6.1.9 Determine the time of spill report.6.1.10 Estimate the material release rate.6.2 Identify the number and location of injured personnel:7Guide to the Safe Ha

31、ndling of Hazardous Materials Accidents, ASTM STP 825,ASTM, 1983.F 101126.2.1 Notify medical authorities.6.2.2 Conduct a rescue assessment.6.2.2.1 Safety implications.6.2.2.2 Equipment required.6.3 Collect Site Information:6.3.1 Current Weather Conditions:6.3.1.1 Rain (snow) or prospects of rain (sn

32、ow).6.3.1.2 Wind speed and direction.6.3.1.3 Air temperature.6.3.1.4 Weather stability.6.3.1.5 Forecast (immediate, long term).6.3.2 Terrain Characteristics:6.3.2.1 Type of topography.6.3.2.2 Porosity of ground surface.6.3.2.3 Surface water.6.3.2.4 Underground water.6.3.3 Demographics:6.3.3.1 Distan

33、ce to public areas such as schools, churches,public buildings, busy intersections, shopping centers, recre-ational facilities, hospitals, convalescent centers, etc.6.3.3.2 Distance to drinking water supplies.6.3.3.3 Distance to sewers.6.3.3.4 Distance to food and feed processing facilities.6.4 Estab

34、lish on-scene authority.6.5 Determine plan of action:6.5.1 Evaluate required response resources based on infor-mation collected.6.5.2 Identify logistics problems.6.5.3 Estimate impact area.7. Personal Safety Equipment RequirementsIdentificationNoteAll personal safety equipment should be fit tested.7

35、.1 Levels of Protection (EPA):7.1.1 Level A:7.1.1.1 Highest level of protection.7.1.1.2 Self-contained breathing apparatus.7.1.1.3 Positive pressure suits.7.1.1.4 Total encapsulation.7.1.1.5 Resistant to specific chemicals.7.1.2 Level B:7.1.2.1 Self-contained breathing apparatus.7.1.2.2 Lighter weig

36、ht rainwear.7.1.2.3 Chemical resistant.7.1.2.4 Minimum level recommended for initial site entry.7.1.3 Level C:7.1.3.1 Air purifying respirator with full face plate.7.1.3.2 Splash garments.7.1.3.3 Goggles, gloves, and head protection.7.1.3.4 Type and concentrations of chemical must beknown.7.1.4 Leve

37、l D:7.1.4.1 Lowest level of protection.7.1.4.2 Work uniforms.7.1.4.3 Goggles, gloves, and head protection.7.1.4.4 Optional use of escape mask.7.2 Breathing Protection Selection:7.2.1 Self-contained breathing apparatus.7.2.2 Gas masks:7.2.2.1 Not for firefighting or oxygen deficient atmospheres.7.2.2

38、.2 Need canister specific for atmosphere to be encoun-tered.7.2.3 Respirators (needs filter cartridge specific for thehazard).7.2.4 Escape devices (not a duty cycle unit, for personalescape only).7.2.5 Supplied air units, need umbilical hose and source ofair (bottled gas or compressor).7.2.6 Oxygen

39、administrators (for resuscitation only)7.3 Personal Protection Selection:7.3.1 Head protection.7.3.2 Eye protection.7.3.3 Clothing, chemical protection.7.3.3.1 Needs to be chemical specific for permeation.7.3.3.2 Compatibility only is not sufficient but is necessary.7.3.4 Ear protection.7.3.5 Foot p

40、rotection.7.3.6 Hand protection.7.4 Gas Concentration Analyzing and Dosage InstrumentSelectionPortable:7.4.1 Detector tubes, chemical specific (with hand pump).7.4.1.1 Portable gas detectors.7.4.1.2 Personnel Dosimeters, passive badges to be worn byindividuals.8. Training8.1 Develop a training plan

41、and schedule as follows:8.1.1 Use other agency plans.8.1.2 Review existing plans by other response teams.8.2 Test and evaluate plans as follows:8.2.1 Develop potential scenarios.8.2.2 Select test participants.8.2.3 Select evaluators.8.2.4 Conduct drills.8.2.5 Evaluate results.8.2.6 Prepare critique

42、of plan.8.3 Plan revisions as follows:8.3.1 Review test critique.8.3.2 Revise plan.8.3.3 Develop standard operating procedures for the initialresponse team.9. Implementation of Plan9.1 Command Post:9.1.1 Establish chain of command (that is, whos incharge?) in accordance with contingency plan.9.1.2 E

43、stablish communications system.9.2 Protection of the Public:9.2.1 Evacuation.9.2.2 Remain in place.9.2.2.1 Audio warnings (close windows, remain inside).9.2.2.2 Media announcements.9.2.2.3 Atmospheric dispersion factors should be used toestimate public exposure risk as a basis for selection of publi

44、cprotection actions.9.2.2.4 Re-evaluate item 5.8 as atmospheric conditionschange.9.3 Stabilize Incident:F 101139.3.1 Determine the presence or threat of fire.9.3.1.1 Extinguish fire if safe to do so.9.3.1.2 Apply retardant (foam, etc.) to prevent ignition.9.3.2 Determine if flow of chemical from con

45、tainer can bestopped or reduced.9.3.2.1 Close valves.9.3.2.2 Patch or plug.9.3.3 Contain escaped chemical.9.3.3.1 Dikes, berms, etc.9.3.3.2 Floating spill control barriers.9.3.3.3 Apply retardant if toxic or flammable vapor hazard.10. Keywords10.1 hazardous materials; initial response personnel; tra

46、in-ing curriculumThe American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suchpatent rights, and

47、 the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revisi

48、on of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your

49、views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).F 10114