ASTM E2963-2016 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness of Ship Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness for Marine B.pdf

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1、Designation: E2963 15E2963 16Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Acoustical Effectiveness ofShip Noise Treatments Laboratory Measurement ofAcoustical Effectiveness for Marine Bulkhead and DeckTreatments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2963; the number immediately f

2、ollowing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test met

3、hod is designed to measure the acoustical effectiveness of treatments that are intendedto reduce airborne noise on ships. Such treatments would be applied to compartment structuralpartitions such as bulkheads, decks, and side shells. To fully characterize the acoustical performanceof a treatment, fi

4、ve parameters must be assessed: transmission loss, radiation efficiency, acceptance,absorption, and damping. This test method focuses on the assessment of the first three, and providesfor convenient assessments of absorption and damping. Tests discussed in this method are based onthe Test Method E90

5、 setup and procedure. This test method is not intended to be a replacement of TestMethod E90; conversely, this method builds on the E90 method that is now well established. Similarly,this test method does not replace absorption testing discussed in Test Method C423, nor dampingtesting discussed in T

6、est Method E756, though for reasons of convenience this method can be used tomake approximate assessments of how different treatments may impact these parameters.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of the acoustical effectiveness of treatments installed on shipbulkheads, d

7、ecks, and side shells. Measurements are focused on assessing changes in transmission loss, radiation efficiency, andacceptance that occur when treatments are applied. Measurements of changes to absorption and damping are addressed inAppendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.1.2 The values stated in

8、SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and hea

9、lth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 Any material that is to be installed on a marine division must meet appropriate fire, combustibility, and other applicableSOLAS, USCG, IMO, Navy, or other required non-acoustical standards and specifications. See

10、 Appendix X3 for additionalinformation.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodE634 Practice for Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission SpectrometryE90 Test Method for Labora

11、tory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and ElementsE756 Test Method for Measuring Vibration-Damping Properties of Materials1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility

12、of Subcommittee E33.03on Sound Transmission.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015April 1, 2016. Published December 2015April 2016. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asE2963 14. 15. DOI: 10.1520/E296315.10.1520/E2963-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theAS

13、TM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an in

14、dication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be

15、 considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI S1.4-1983 (R2006) Specification for Sound Level MetersANSI S1.6-1984 (R2011) Preferred Frequencies, Frequency Levels, and Band

16、Number for Acoustical MeasurementsANSI S1.8-1989 (R2011) ,Reference Quantities for Acoustical LevelsANSI S1.11-2004 (R2009) Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital FiltersANSI S1.43-1997 (R2007) Specifications for Integrating-Averaging Sound Level Meters2.3 ISO St

17、adnard:4ISO 16063-1:1998 , Methods for the Calibration of Vibration and Shock Transducers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: The following terms used in this test method have specific meanings that are defined in Terminology E634.airborne soundaverage sound pressure levelbackground noisedampingdecibeldif

18、fuse sound fielddirect sound fieldflanking transmissionleveloctave bandreceiving roomreverberant sound fieldreverberation roomsound levelsound pressuresound pressure levelsource roomunit3.1.1 As defined in Test Method E90 transmission loss is the difference in decibels between the average sound pres

19、sure levelsin the reverberant source and receiving rooms, plus ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the area of the common partitionto the sound absorption in the receiving room (see Eq 4).3.1.2 As defined in Test Method E90 sound absorption of a room in a specified frequency band is the h

20、ypothetical area of atotally absorbing surface without diffraction effects which, if it were the only absorbing element in the room, would give the samesound decay rate as the room under consideration.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acceptance, na measure of the vibration ve

21、locity level induced in a structure that is exposed to a diffuse sound fieldcomposed of one or more frequencies (see Eq 6).3.2.2 acoustical effectiveness, na measure of the change in a particular acoustical parameter that is created by the addition ofa material to the base structure.3.2.3 radiation

22、effciency, na measure relating the sound pressure level in a diffuse sound field that is produced by a vibratingstructural surface, referenced to a specified vibration velocity level, when that surface is moving in an oscillatory motion at oneor more frequencies (see Eq 8).3.2.4 test or base structu

23、re, nThe structure representing a bulkhead, deck, or shell of a ship.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe base structure is typically constructed with steel or aluminum stiffened plating, though other construction types are possible.This is the structure to which treatments are applied.3.3 Symbols:A = room constan

24、t, m2S = area of partition (structure under test), m2a = acceleration, m/s2c = speed of sound in air, m/sdB = decibelsf = frequency, Hzp = pressure, Pa3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Int

25、ernational Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.E2963 162v = velocity, m/sLa = vibration acceleration level, dB re: 10 m/s2Lp = sound pressure level, dB re: 20 Pa. Lv velocity level, dB re: 10 nm/s (that is, 10-8 m

26、/s)L = acceptance in decibels referenced to 20 Pa/10 nm/sL = radiation efficiency in decibels referenced to 20 Pa/10 nm/sL = radiation efficiency in decibelsTL = transmission loss in decibelsX = change in the quantity “X” between treated and non-treated test cases = sound absorption coefficient = lo

27、ss factor, (no dimensions) = density, kg/m33.4 All levels expressed in decibels have a reference quantity. A level expressed in decibels is 10 times the common logarithmof the ratio of a squared quantity divided by a squared reference quantity. For example, the reference quantity for sound pressurel

28、evel is 20 micropascals. The abbreviated level is written as dB re: 20 Pa4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The effectiveness of a given treatment is determined by comparing the acoustical properties of a given structure with andwithout the treatment applied. Measurements are first performed on a baseline

29、 test structure (that is, without the treatment inplace). The treatment is then added to the structure and tests are repeated. The differences in acoustical parameters between thetreated and non-treated structures determine the acoustical effectiveness of the treatment.4.2 The general test setup dis

30、cussed in Test Method E90 shall be used. Two adjacent reverberation rooms are arranged with anopening between them in which a test partition is installed.4.3 Transmission loss, acceptance, and radiation efficiency (as well as absorption and damping) are all functions of frequency,and measurements ar

31、e made in a series of frequency bands.4.4 For measurement of transmission loss, Test Method E90 shall be used to test both the treated and non-treated structures. Fig.1 presents a schematic diagram of the test setup, for reference purposes.4.5 For the measurement of acceptance, the same test setup d

32、iscussed in Test Method E90 is used with accelerometers attachedto the test structure. An approximately diffuse sound field is produced in the source room; the space- and time-averaged soundpressure levels are measured in this room. The vibration levels of the test structure are simultaneously measu

33、red to produce aspace- and time-averaged vibration level of the structure (see Fig. 2). These quantities (sound pressure level and test structurevibration level) are combined to determine the acceptance for the test structure, as shown in Section 13.4.6 For the measurement of radiation efficiency, t

34、he same test setup discussed in Test Method E90 is used. Accelerometers arelocated on the test structure along with an electro-mechanical vibration exciter. The vibration exciter drives the structure, whichthen radiates sound into the receiver room. The sound field produced in this room is considere

35、d to be diffuse. The rooms space-and time-averaged sound pressure levels are measured, as well as the structures space- and time-averaged vibration level (see Fig.3). These quantities, along with the sound absorption in the receiving room and the area of the specimen, are combined todetermine the ra

36、diation efficiency for the test structure, as shown in Section 13.This image is for illustrative purposes only.FIG. 1 Illustration showing the conceptual setup for transmission loss testing (based on Test Method E90)E2963 1634.7 Room absorption measurements are necessary to calculate transmission lo

37、ss and radiation efficiency. The change in roomabsorption between the treated and non-treated tests will be directly related to any absorption provided by the treatment. Whiletreatment absorption measurements are formally covered by Test Method C423 it is convenient to use the measured roomabsorptio

38、n from transmission loss and radiation efficiency tests to determine the effect of the treatment on absorption. This isdiscussed in more detail in Appendix X1. These measurements shall not replace measurements described in Test Method C423 asthe results would be different. However, they can provide

39、a useful and convenient indication of the absorption of a treatment, whichmay have sufficient accuracy for engineering applications (see Appendix X1).4.8 The effect of a treatment on the structures total damping loss factor formally requires a different test setup than thatdescribed in Test Method E

40、90. However, the same structures used for the tests described above can be used to estimate dampingeffectiveness. Options for measuring damping are discussed in more detail in Appendix X2.5. Significance and Use5.1 To fully understand the effects of a given treatment, five acoustical factors (transm

41、ission loss, acceptance, radiationefficiency, absorption, and damping) must be characterized. For example, only knowing the effect of a given treatment ontransmission loss will not allow the acoustical designer or engineer to assess its impacts on propagation of vibration (among othereffects), which

42、 is an important path to consider for large machinery items and propeller excitation.5.2 It is necessary to have a common definition of acoustical performance and test procedure to determine all five acousticalfactors for ships treatments so that the performance of different treatment types, as well

43、 as the same treatment type from differentmanufacturers, can be compared.This image is for illustrative purposes only.FIG. 2 Illustration Showing the Conceptual Setup for Acceptance Testing (Note the Similarities to Fig. 1)This image is for illustrative purposes only.FIG. 3 Illustration Showing the

44、Conceptual Setup for Acceptance Testing (Note the Similarities to Fig. 1)E2963 1645.3 In some cases, particularly for damping treatments, the effect of the treatment will be dependent on the non-treatedstructures material and geometry and other non-acoustic factors such as environmental conditions (

45、that is, temperature). To fullycharacterize a treatment it may be necessary to test a range of base constructions. For reasons of practicality, convenience, oreconomy, it may be sufficient to test only one to three constructions to achieve an understanding of the material performance ina range of pr

46、actical situations. Additional discussion is provided in Annex A1.6. Test Apparatus6.1 The room requirements of Test Method E90 shall be used for the testing of transmission loss, acceptance, and radiationefficiency. Special attention may be needed when testing the treated structure to meet the sign

47、al-to-noise ratio per Test Method E90.6.2 Where the test structure is smaller than the opening between the source and receiver rooms, a filler wall shall be constructedas described in Test Method E90. Meeting the transmission loss requirements for this filler wall shall constitute meeting relatedreq

48、uirements for acceptance and radiation efficiency.6.3 The structure shall be constructed to be representative of actual bulkhead, deck, or shell structure to which the treatmentwill be applied. Often, a single treatment can be applied to many different structures and construction types; therefore, n

49、ot allconstructions can be practically tested. In such cases it is recommended that one to three reference bulkheads be tested, asdiscussed in AnnexA1, to establish a baseline material performance to which other materials can be readily compared. If treatmenteffectiveness is expected to change significantly with different bulkhead constructions then additional constructions shall be testedto better define the performance of the material.6.4 Treatments shall be applied to the test structure as they would be in an actual ship installation. This