ASTM E2067-2008 Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests《完全氧燃烧热量测量火灾试验的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 2067 08An American National StandardStandard Practice forFull-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice deals with methods to construct, calibrate,and use full scale oxygen consumption calorime

3、ters to helpminimize testing result discrepancies between laboratories.1.2 The methodology described herein is used in a numberof ASTM test methods, in a variety of unstandardized testmethods, and for research purposes. This practice will facilitatecoordination of generic requirements, which are not

4、 specific tothe item under test.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristics obtainedfrom the test methods using this technique are those associatedwith heat release from the specimens tested, as a function oftime. Other fire-test-response characteristics also are deter-mined.1.4 This practi

5、ce is intended to apply to the conduction ofdifferent types of tests, including both some in which theobjective is to assess the comparative fire performance ofproducts releasing low amounts of heat or smoke and some inwhich the objective is to assess whether flashover will occur.1.5 This practice d

6、oes not provide pass/fail criteria that canbe used as a regulatory tool, nor does it describe a test methodfor any material or product.1.6 For use of the SI system of units in referee decisions, seeIEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are pro-vided for information only.1.7 This standard i

7、s used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.NOTE 1Th

8、is is the standard caveat described in section F2.2.2.1 of theForm and Style for ASTM Standards manual for fire-test-responsestandards. In actual fact, this practice does not provide quantitativemeasures.1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for p

9、ersonnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testinginvolves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Seealso Section 7.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th

10、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Bur

11、ning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD 5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread,Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD6113 Test Method for Using a Cone Calorimete

12、r toDetermine Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Insulat-ing Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical FiberCablesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE 906 Test Method for Heat and Visib

13、le Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using a ThermopileMethodE 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE 1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Compone

14、nts orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.13 on Large ScaleFire Tests.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallya

15、pproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 206703.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w

16、ebsite.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE 1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of MattressesE 1623 Test Method for Determination of Fire and ThermalParameters o

17、f Materials, Products, and Systems Using anIntermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)E 1740 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateand Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wallcov-ering Composites Using a Cone CalorimeterE 1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked ChairsIEEE/ASTM SI-1

18、0, International System of Units (SI) TheModernized Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13943 Fire Safety-VocabularyISO 5660-1, Fire TestsReaction to FireRate of HeatRelease from Building Products (Cone CalorimeterMethod)ISO 9705, Fire Tests - Full-Scale Room Test for SurfaceProducts2.3 California B

19、ureau of Home Furnishings and ThermalInsulation Standards:4CA Technical Bulletin 129 (October 1992), FlammabilityTest Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCA Technical Bulletin 133 (January 1991), FlammabilityTest Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in PublicOccupancies2.4 NFPA St

20、andards:5NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall CoveringsNFPA 266 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristicsof Upholstered Furniture Exposed to Flaming IgnitionSourceNFPA 267 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristicsof Mattres

21、ses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flam-ing Ignition SourceNFPA 286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution of Wall and CeilingInterior Finish2.5 UL Standards:6UL 1685, Standard Vertical Tray Fire Propagation andSmoke Release Test for Electrical and Optical Fibe

22、rCablesUL 1975, Standard Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used forDecorative Purposes3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Terminology E 176 and ISO 13943. In case ofconflict, the definitions given in Terminology E 176 shallprevail.3.1.1 heat release ra

23、te, nthe heat evolved from thespecimen, per unit of time. (E 176)3.1.2 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion. (E 176)3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe combustion may be evidenced byglow, flame, detonation or explosion. The combustion may besustained or transient.3.1.3 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expres

24、sion ofthe relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released. (E 176)3.1.4 smoke, nthe airborne solid and liquid particulatesand gases evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis orcombustion. (E 176)3.1.5 smoke obscuration, nreduction of light transmissionby sm

25、oke, as measured by light attenuation. (E 176)3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 continuous (as related to data acquisition), adjconducted at data collection intervals of6sorless.3.2.2 sample, nan amount of the material, product, orassembly, to be tested, which is representativ

26、e of the item as awhole.3.2.3 specimen, nrepresentative piece of the product,which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment.4. Significance and Use4.1 The oxygen consumption principle, used for the mea-surements described here, is based on the observation that,generally, the net heat

27、 of combustion is directly related to theamount of oxygen required for combustion (1).7Approxi-mately 13.1 MJ of heat are released per 1-kg of oxygenconsumed. Test specimens in the test are burned in ambient airconditions, while being subjected to a prescribed externalheating source.4.1.1 This techn

28、ique is not appropriate for use on its ownwhen the combustible fuel is an oxidizer or an explosive agent,which release oxygen. Further analysis is required in suchcases (see Appendix X2).4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement ofthe oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen con-c

29、entration and the flow rate in the combustion product stream,in a full scale environment.4.3 The primary measurements are oxygen concentrationand exhaust gas flow rate. Additional measurements includethe specimen ignitability, the smoke obscuration generated, thespecimen mass loss rate, the effectiv

30、e heat of combustion andthe yields of combustion products from the test specimen.4.4 The oxygen consumption technique is used in differenttypes of test methods. Intermediate scale (Test Method E 1623,UL 1975) and full scale (Test Method D 5424, Test MethodD 5537, Test Method E 1537, Test Method E 15

31、90, TestMethod E 1822, ISO 9705, NFPA 265, NFPA 266, NFPA 267,NFPA 286, UL 1685) test methods, as well as unstandardizedroom scale experiments following Guide E 603, using thistechnique involve a large instrumented exhaust hood, whereoxygen concentration is measured, either standing alone orposition

32、ed outside a doorway. A large test specimen is placed3Available from International Standardization Organization, P.O. Box 56,CH-1211; Geneva 20, Switzerland.4Available from California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insula-tion, State of California, Department of Consumer Affairs, 3485 Orange

33、 GroveAvenue, North Highlands, CA 956605595.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 022699101.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.7The boldface numbers in parentheses refers to

34、the list of references at the endof this standard.E2067082either under the hood or inside the room. This practice isintended to address issues associated with equipment requiringa large instrumented hood and not stand-alone test apparatuseswith small test specimens.4.4.1 Small scale test methods usi

35、ng this technique, such asTest Methods D6113, E 1354, E 1474 and E 1740, as well asISO 5660 internationally, are based on a stand-alone apparatus,wherein a small specimen is tested within the equipment.4.4.2 Another small scale heat release test method, TestMethod E 906, does not use the oxygen cons

36、umption tech-nique.4.5 Throughout this practice, test equipment is referenced toprovide helpful guidance to test facilities. Substitution ofequivalent, or better, test measuring devices is permissible.5. Test Room Layout5.1 Standard Rooms:5.1.1 Three standard room configurations have been incommon u

37、se for many years, often designated as the “ASTM”/“ISO” room (cited in Guide E 603 and in ISO 9705), and the“California” room (used in CATB 129 and CATB 133, as wellas, Test Methods E 1537, E 1590, and E 1822), and the cabletray test room (used in Test Methods D 5424 and D 5537,aswell as, in UL 1685

38、).5.1.2 ASTM/ISO RoomThe test room shall have interiordimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 6 25 mm by 2.44m 6 25 mm high (8 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall haveno openings other than a doorway opening 0.76 m 6 6mmby2.03 m 6 6 mm (30 by 80 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 1,and other small op

39、enings, as necessary to make test measure-ments. Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, andline it with gypsum wallboard, Type X, or calcium silicatewallboard. Position a hood (see Section 6) outside of the roomdoorway, such that it collects all the combustion gases. Thereshall be no obst

40、ructions to the air supply to the test setup.NOTE 2Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a thickness of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) have been found acceptable.If the wallboard is thicker, it will not affect the results of this test. Gypsumwallboard is likely to generate a measurabl

41、e amount of heat or smokerelease at high heat inputs, due primarily to its paper facer.5.1.2.1 Install an additional layer of fire rated wallboard onthe portions of the walls or ceiling directly adjacent to the testspecimen location. Cover at least 1.22 by 1.22 m (4 by 4 ft) ofthe ceiling with the a

42、dded wallboard, but do not place anadditional layer of wallboard under the test specimen. Thisceiling surface is the most severely exposed to flames and heatand needs frequent replacement. Replace any portion of thelining if cracks occur or severe burn damage is observed.5.1.2.2 Frequently, whenever

43、 there is a single test specimen,such as Test Method E 1537, Test Method E 1590, or TestMethod E 1822, the test specimen location is the corner of theroom furthest away from the doorway. The test specimen alsois usually placed on a weighing platform. This test room isunsuitable for Test Method D 542

44、4 or Test Method D 5537.The test method indicates test specimen location.5.1.2.3 When testing surface linings (walls or ceilings),weighing of the test specimen during the test is usually notpractical. Mass loss during testing, if desired, must be esti-mated from calculations.5.1.3 California RoomThe

45、 test room shall have dimen-sions of 3.05 m 6 25 mm 3 3.66 m 6 25 mm 3 2.44 m 6 25mm high (10 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall have noopenings other than a doorway opening 0.97 m 6 6mm3 2.06m 6 6 mm (38 by 81 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 2, andother small openings, as necessary to make test

46、 measurements.Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, and line itwith gypsum wallboard, Type X, or calcium silicate wallboard.Position a hood (see Section 6) outside of the room doorway,such that it collects all the combustion gases. There shall be noobstructions to the air supply to the t

47、est set-up.NOTE 3Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a thickness of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) have been found acceptable.If the wallboard is thicker, it will not affect the results of this test. Gypsumwallboard likely is to generate a measurable amount of heat or smokerelease a

48、t high heat inputs, due primarily to its paper facer.5.1.3.1 Install an additional layer of fire rated wallboard onthe portions of the walls or ceiling directly adjacent to the testspecimen location. Cover at least 1.22 by 1.22 m (4 by 4 ft) ofthe ceiling with the added wallboard, but do not place a

49、nadditional layer of wallboard under the test specimen. Thisceiling surface is the most severely exposed to flames and heatand needs frequent replacement. Replace any portion of thelining if cracks occur or severe burn damage is observed.5.1.3.2 This test room commonly is used for furnituretesting only. Usually, the test specimen is located in a cornerand placed on a weighing platform. This test room is unsuitableNOTE 1See text for tolerances; room instrumentation is optional.FIG. 1 Test Room Configuration A (ASTM room)E2067083for Test Methods D 5424 or D 5537. The