ASTM E2012-2006 Standard Guide for the Preparation of a Binary Chemical Compatibility Chart《二进制化学兼容图表制备的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 2012 06Standard Guide forthe Preparation of a Binary Chemical Compatibility Chart1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2012; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this standard is to provide expert guidance to those interested in the task ofcompiling chemical compatibility (inte

3、r-reactivity) charts for the purposes of process safety andreactive chemicals hazard evaluation. This standard does not provide specific answers regarding theinter-reactivity of specific materials. However, it does provide a detailed framework for developingcharts based on the current best practices

4、 of the chemical industry and it directs the user to sourcesof reactivity information. It is the E27 Committees belief that inter-reactivity charts will beincreasingly used in industry for day-to-day operations, process hazard reviews, employee education,and emergency response. It is our hope that t

5、his standard guide can be useful in that effort.1. Scope1.1 A binary chemical compatibility chart also called inter-reactivity chart, documents the hazards associated with themixing of pairs of materials. This guide provides an aid for thepreparation these charts. It reviews a number of issues that

6、arecritical in the preparation of such charts: accurate assessmentof chemical compatibility, suitable experimental techniques forgathering compatibility information, incorporation of user-friendliness, and provision for revisions.1.2 The uses of chemical compatibility charts are summa-rized in this

7、standard.1.3 This guide also reviews existing public domain compat-ibility charts, the differences therein, and their advantages anddisadvantages.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability Of ChemicalsBy Differential Scanning CalorimetryE 698 Test Method f

8、or Arrhenius Kinetic Constants forThermally Unstable Materials Using Differential ScanningCalorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa MethodE 1231 Practice for Calculation of Hazard PotentialFigures-of-Merit for Thermally Unstable MaterialsPS168 Proposed Guide for Estimating the Incompatibilityof Selected

9、Hazardous Wastes Based on Binary ChemicalReactions32.2 NFPA Standard:NFPA 491 Guide to Hazardous Chemical Reactions43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 compatibility, adjthe ability of materials to exist incontact without specified (usually hazardous) consequencesunder a defined scenario.3.1.2 scena

10、rio, na detailed physical description of theprocess whereby a potential inadvertent combination of mate-rials may occur.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Abinary chemical compatibility chart indicates whether,under a given set of conditions (the scenario) the combinationof two materials does or does not yield

11、a specified undesiredconsequence.4.2 Asummary of the guide follows. Determine the scenariofor the determination of compatibility and the degree ofreaction that constitutes incompatibility. Both should be iden-tified in the documentation for the chart. Define the materialswithin the scope of the char

12、t. Define the test, calculation orjudgment that is used to make a decision. List the materials asboth columns and rows of a grid. At the intersections of thegrid note whether the materials are compatible. To avoid1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on HazardPotential of Chemi

13、cals , and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.02 onThermal Stability and Condensed Phases.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published July 2006. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 201200.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,

14、www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. This chart was subsequently adopted by the U.S. EPAand is widelyavailable via the internet. For example i

15、t may be viewed here: http:/www/sefsc.noaa.gov/HTMLdocs/appendix-H.htm4Available from the National Fire Protection Association, One BatterymarchPark, PO Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

16、duplicate entries, a triangular chart is required. If a decision oncompatibility was not by the standard means (as defined by theuser) or the scenario differs, indicate by footnote the basis forthe decision or the change in scenario. The chart should bedated and the author identified. See Fig. 1 for

17、 an example of abinary compatibility chart.5. Significance and Use5.1 Various United States governmental regulations forbidincompatible materials to be transported together and requirethat chemical reactivity be considered in process hazard andrisk analysis. A chemical compatibility chart is one too

18、l to beused to satisfy these regulations. Binary compatibility chartsare useful teaching tools in general education, in the chemicalplant or laboratory, and for areas and operations where com-monly performed tasks might lead to chemical mixtures suchas might occur during co-shipment in compartmental

19、izedcontainers, storage in a common area or compositing waste.Compatibility information is essential during process hazardreviews (for example, HAZOP). These charts may provideguidance to terminal operators on DOT HM-183 that requiresthat materials on adjacent compartments of multicompartmenttank tr

20、ucks are compatible. They provide documentation thatthe potential for inadvertent mixing as a potential source ofheat and gas evolution from chemical reactions has beenconsidered in sizing relief devices. Compatibility charts serveas check lists for use during process hazard reviews, and thepreparat

21、ion of the chart itself often brings attention to potentialhazards that were previously unknown.5.2 A binary chart only considers pairs of materials andtherefore does not cover all possible combinations of materialsin an operation. A common third component, for example,acidic or basic catalysts, may

22、 be covered by footnoting thepotential for catalysis of a reaction between otherwise compat-ible materials, but the form of the chart does not ensure this.There may be reactive ternary systems that will escapedetection in a binary chart.5.3 The AIChE organization Center for Chemical ProcessSafety (C

23、CPS) has recommended the use of this standard inone of their recent monographs (1). This work is currentlyavailable for free download from: http:/www.osha.gov/SLTC/reactivechemicals/index.html6. Procedure6.1 Define the ScenarioChemical compatibility dependsheavily on the mixing scenario (see Appendi

24、x X1). Considerincluding the following factors in the specification of themixing scenario, as they, and other factors, may contribute tothe assignment of compatibility.6.1.1 Specific quantities of materials,6.1.2 Storage temperatures,6.1.3 Confinement (closed or open system),6.1.4 Atmosphere (air, n

25、itrogen inerted), and6.1.5 The maximum time the materials may be in contact.6.2 Define Incompatibility Within the ScenarioFrameworkAn effective chart should clearly convey thecriteria for defining two materials as incompatible. In a generalsense, chemical incompatibility implies that there may beNOT

26、EFootnotes/Information Sources:1. Unlikely to be compatible-USCG chart NVC-475 indicates a hazard with non-oxidizing acids plus sulfuricacid.2. Unlikely to be compatible-the P-168 chart indicates that gas and heat are formed; USCG chart NV 475 indicates a hazard when combiningsulfuric and organic ac

27、ids.3. The P-168 chart indicates that heat is formed; USCG chart NV 475 only indicates a hazard with furfuryl alcohol plusnon-oxidizing mineral acids; testing should be conducted on this combination.4. Unlikely to be compatible see P-168 chart.5. Lab experiment 980001resulted in a XXX C adiabatic te

28、mperature rise.6. Lab experiment 980002 resulted in a XXX C adiabatic temperature rise.7. Organic acids and aminesare generally incompatible.8. The P168 and USCG charts indicate no hazard; most likely compatible, but lab testing should be performed.9. Heat ofmixing may be a concern in some circumsta

29、nces. The maximum adiabatic temperature rise is XX C (see XYZ Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology).10.Heat of mixing may be a concern in some circumstances. The maximum adiabatic temperature rise is XX C (see XYZ Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology).11. Lab experiment 98005 showed that mixing acetic

30、acid and water is endothermic at room temperature.12. Lab experiments 98003 and98008 indicate that the materials do not generate heat or gases when mixed nor when heated to 100 C. Although the USCG chart NVC 475 indicatesthat some alcohols and amines are incompatible, ethylene diamine has been found

31、 to be compatible with many alcohols; seeAppendix of USCG Guide.13.Plant experience has shown that these materials do not generate heat or gases when mixed. In addition, no condition is known that would cause thematerials to be combined at elevated temperature.FIG. 1 Hypothetical Compatibility Chart

32、E2012062undesirable consequences of mixing these materials at amacroscopic scale. These consequences might be, in a worstcase, a fast chemical reaction or an explosion, a release of toxicgas, or, in a less severe case, an undesirable temperature risethat might take the mixture above its flash point

33、or cause anunacceptable pressure increase in the system. If, however, thetank where the mixing will occur is inerted with nitrogen, andthe material has an acceptably low vapor pressure increase,then even this temperature rise might not pose a practicalproblem. Consequently, a working definition of i

34、ncompatibilityneeds to be formulated before compatibility judgments can beeffectively and accurately made.6.2.1 Some examples of mixing scenarios and incompatibil-ity definitions include:6.2.1.1 Ambient temperature in summer, northern climate(approximately 25C); (5000 gal) scale; insulated, ventedst

35、orage tank; storage time 7 days maximum, nitrogen paddedheadspace (chemical transport scenario). Materials consideredincompatible if temperature rise greater than 25C, or grassyreaction.6.2.1.2 Ambient temperature in a hotter, subtropical climate(approximately 40C), drum (55 gal) storage of mixed wa

36、stefor 3 months maximum. Materials considered incompatible ifthere could be a release from the drum.6.2.1.3 Room temperature, 4L (1 gal) bottles, looselycapped, 1 month maximum storage time (typical lab wastescenario). Materials considered icompatible if there is anevolution of flammable vapor, toxi

37、c gas, or a temperature risegreater than 10C.6.3 Compile Compatibility ChartThe following steps maybe followed for constructing the compatibility chart (seeAppendix X2).6.3.1 State the ScenarioIn the preparation of a compat-ibility chart, consider stating both the scenario and thescenario-based defi

38、nition of incompatibility explicitly on thechart.6.3.2 Decide on a Hazard Rating SchemeFormulate thereference scale for the individual degree of mixing hazard. Itmay be desirable to have a simple “yes/no” (that is,compatible/incompatible) scale. In some instances, ratings thatconvey more information

39、 may be advantageous. For example,a numerical score of 1, 2, and 3 might be appropriate with 1indicating a compatible mixture, 2 indicating a moderatehazard (for example, a temperature increase of 10C or less),and 3 indicating a severe hazard, such as polymerization orspontaneous combustion. Another

40、 example of a hazard ratingscheme is given in Table 1. Note that in the Table 1 example,the hazard rating scheme also conveys information aboutprocedures for emergency response, but this information neednot be included in the chart. The use of color (if available in thecharting tool) may also aid in

41、 understanding the chart. Forexample, green could indicate safe, compatible mixtures, redcould indicate reactive, incompatible mixtures. It is importantto avoid making the chart too complicated.6.3.3 Define the CategoriesDefining categories for thechart is an important part of chart construction. Fo

42、r smallplants and operations, each chemical may be included in thechart and the resulting chart may still be of manageable size.For more general compatibility charts, for example, for a largemanufacturing site, the chart may group chemicals into naturalclassifications based on their chemical structu

43、re. Examples ofthese groupings are: mineral acids, aliphatic amines, mono-mers, water-based formulations, halogenated hydrocarbons,and so forth. One limitation with this manner of chart con-struction is that for a number of classes, certain binarycombinations might be known to be compatible whereas

44、othercombinations within the same two groups may not be. It maybe best to provide the worst case compatibility rating in theactual chart with a separate list of compatible exceptions. Itmay be prudent to include additional useful compatibilityinformation, such as compatibility of chemicals with mate

45、rialsof construction, water (from process streams or from rain indiked areas), cleaning agents, sealants, and adsorbents. “Heat”might be considered as an entry to flag particularly heatsensitive materials such as polymerizable monomers. Consul-tation with a wide variety of personnel (management, eng

46、i-neers, operators, and so forth) may aid in the determination ofwhat materials are present at a site and which ones should beincluded in the chart.6.3.4 Consider the Hazards for all Binary CombinationsThe potential hazard for each and every binary mixture needsto be carefully considered. Avoid usin

47、g blanks (empty cells) incompatibility charts since blanks may indicate that there is nohazard, or, simply that the hazard is unknown. Clearly distin-guishing between a non-hazard and an unknown hazard is animportant consideration. See Appendix X2 for sources ofcompatibility information.6.3.5 Docume

48、nt How the Decisions Are MadeBackup andsupporting data should be easily accessible for chart users andto allow for easier chart updates. If testing was performed tomake a decision about a particular binary combination in achart, then a reference to this test should be included in thechart.6.3.6 Labe

49、l the ChartDate the chart and ensure that titleclearly states the purpose of the chart such as “ChemicalCompatibility Chart for the Styrene Polymerization PlantA-104, last updated 9/2004.” Scenarios may differ fromprocess to process and if the chart is not specifically labeledwith the intended use, the chart may be used in a process forwhich it was not intended, with possible undesired conse-quences. Since a large plant often has distinct areas, considerincluding only those materials in each area in the chart, toTABLE 1 An Example of Hazard Levels and Typical