ASTM E1542-1993(2004) Standard Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety《与职业保健及安全相关的术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1542 93 (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard TerminologyRelating to Occupational Health and Safety1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1542; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r

2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The terms in this standard are used in the fields ofoccupational health and of safety. The terms

3、 are used todescribe the limits of exposure under different conditions, themeanings of terms used in describing events and the types ofitems measured. They will commonly be used to express theeffect of an event or the limit of a chemical exposure on humanbeings.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standa

4、rds:2E 591 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to OzoneE 752 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Carbon DisulfideE 848 Guide for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Water-Insoluble Chr

5、omatesE 849 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to AsbestosE 1132 Practice for Health Requirements Relating to Occu-pational Exposure to Quartz DustE 1156 Practice for Health Requirements for OccupationalExposure to Synthetic Amorphous Silica3. Terminology3.1

6、 Generic Terms and their Definitions:3.1.1 ceiling limitan exposure which shall not be ex-ceeded during any part of the workday. If instantaneousmonitoring is not feasible, then the ceiling limit shall beassessed as a 15-min time-weighted average exposure whichshall not be exceeded at any time over

7、a working day except forsubstances which cause immediate irritation upon short expo-sure.3.1.2 occupational exposure limit XXXXX, “generic”themaximum time weighted average (TWA) concentration towhich nearly all workers may be repeatedly subjected for anormal 8- to 10-h workday, 40-h workweek without

8、 knownadverse health effects.3.1.3 short-term exposure limit (STEL)the 15-min time-weighted average exposure which shall not be exceeded at anytime during a work day, even if the Occupational ExposureLimit is not exceeded. Exposures above the OccupationalExposure Limit up to the STEL should not be l

9、onger than 15min and should not occur more than 4 times per day. Theminimum interval between these exposures should be 60 min.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe phrase “nearly all workers” onlyexcludes those who are hyper-sensitive to substance exposureor who have known medical conditions which may be aggra-vate

10、d by substance exposure. Thus most workers are includedin the group in which no adverse health effects are expected.The phrase “a normal 8 to 10 h workday, 40-h workweek”refers to the type of work being done, that is, what is usuallydone from one week to the next or one day to the next. It doesnot r

11、efer to length of working time as being the majorconsideration.The following specified periods of time must be addressedeither by determining a value or by stating the “time” is notaddressed:a) workday (number of hours specified)b) workweek (number of hours specified)c) lifetime (that is, cumulative

12、)d) very short term maximum (for example, short-termexposure limit, ceiling, etc.)Other specified periods of time may be addressed.3.2 Terminology Based on Existing E34 Standards:3.2.1 occupational exposure limit to asbestosthe maxi-mum time weighted average (TWA) number of asbestiformfibers to whic

13、h nearly all workers may be repeatedly subjectedover a normal day or a 40-h week and the peak number ofasbestiform fibers to which an individual may be subjectedduring 15 min or less, without known adverse health effects.Lifetime exposure is based on 99 % probability of protectingall workers from ac

14、quiring clinically significant disease for aworking life of 50 years. E 8491This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 onOccupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE34.01 on Terminology.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published June 2

15、004. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1542 - 93(1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document

16、Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 occupational exposure limit to carbon disulfidethemaximum time weighted average (TWA) of carbon disulfide towhich nearly all workers may be repeate

17、dly subjected over anormal 8-h day or a 40-h week, the ceiling concentration ofcarbon disulfide or the maximum peak above ceiling concen-tration of carbon disulfide that cannot be exceeded, withoutknown adverse health effects. Lifetime exposure is undefined.E 7523.2.3 occupational exposure limit to

18、ozonethe maximumtime weighted average (TWA) of ozone to which nearly allworkers may be repeatedly subjected over a normal 8-h day ora 40-h week or the ceiling limit of ozone that cannot beexceeded, without known adverse health effects. Lifetimeexposure is undefined. E 5913.2.4 occupational exposure

19、limit to quartz dustthe maxi-mum time weighted average (TWA) concentration of respirablequartz particles to which nearly all workers may be repeatedlysubjected over a normal 10-h day or a 40-h week withoutknown adverse health effects. Ceiling and lifetime exposuresare undefined. E 11323.2.5 occupati

20、onal exposure limit to synthetic amorphoussilicathe maximum time weighted average (TWA) concen-tration of respirable synthetic amorphous silica to which nearlyall workers may be repeatedly subjected over a normal 8-h dayor a 40-h week without known adverse health effects. Ceilingand lifetime exposur

21、es are undefined. E 11563.2.6 occupational exposure limit to water-insolublechromatesthe maximum time weighted average (TWA) con-centration of water-insoluble chromates as chromium to whichnearly all workers may be repeatedly subjected over a normal8-h day or a 40-h week without known adverse health

22、 effects.Ceiling and lifetime exposures are undefined. E 8484. BibliographyCode of Federal Regulations (CFR)29 CFR 1910.1000(US) Threshold Limit Values and Biological ExposureIndicesAmerican Conference of Governmental IndustrialHygienistsThis standard is subject to revision at any time by the respon

23、sible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful

24、consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 1

25、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 1542 93 (2004)2