ASTM E1537-2013 Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture《软垫家具着火试验的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: E1537 12E1537 13 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Testing of Upholstered Furniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1537; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the burning behavio

3、r of upholstered furniture used in public occupanciesby measuring specific fire-test responses when the specimen of furniture is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source underwell-ventilated conditions.1.3 Data are obtained describing the burning behavior from a specific ignition source unti

4、l all burning has ceased, a period of1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of upholstered furniture in fire conditions other thanthose conditions specified. In particular, this test method does not apply to smolderi

5、ng ignition by cigarettes. See X1.6 for furtherinformation.1.5 The rate of heat release of the burning specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See X1.6.4 for furtherinformation.1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species i

6、n the combustiongases are determined. See X1.6.5 for further information.1.7 The burning behavior is visually documented by photographic or video recordings, whenever possible.1.8 The system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI system of units, see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 only. The units given

7、in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,

8、products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shallbe employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Fire te

9、stingis inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appro

10、priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE603 Gui

11、de for Room Fire ExperimentsE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During FiresE1384 Practice for Content and Structure of the Electronic Health Record (EHR)1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subc

12、ommittee E05.15 on Furnishings andContents.Current edition approved April 1, 2012April 1, 2013. Published April 2012April 2013. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2072012 asE1537 07.E1537 12. DOI: 10.1520/E1537-12.10.1520/E1537-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit the

13、ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an

14、indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to

15、be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire TestsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials and Assembli

16、esIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4880 Burning Behaviour of Textiles and Textile ProductsVocabularyISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Test for Surface ProductsISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary2.3 UL Standard:4UL 1056 Fire Test of Uphol

17、stered Furniture2.4 CA Standard:5CA Technical Bulletin 133 Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies2.5 BSI Standard:6BS 5852 Fire Tests for Furniture. Methods of Test for the Ignitability of Upholstered Composites for Seating by Flame Sources2.6 Nordtest Standa

18、rd:7Nordtest Method NT Fire 032 Upholstered Furniture: Burning BehaviorFull Scale Test2.7 NFPA Standards:8NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full HeightPanels and WallsNFPA286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Cont

19、ribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminology contained inTerminology E176 and in ISO 13943. The definitions given in Terminology E176 sha

20、ll prevail in case of conflict. For definitionsof terms used in this test method and associated with textile issues, refer to Terminology D123 and ISO 4880. The definitions givenin Terminology D123 shall prevail in case of conflict.3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associat

21、ed with textile issues refer to the terminology contained inTerminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 product, nthe upholstered furniture for which information is required.3.2.2 specimen, nmanufactured item of the product, representative prototype of the product, or m

22、ock-up of the product.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe mock-up shall be constructed as described in Annex A1.3.2.3 upholstered, adjcovered with material (as fabric or padding) to provide a soft surface.3.2.4 upholstered seating furniture, na unit of interior furnishing that (1) contains any surface that is cov

23、ered, in whole or inpart, with a fabric or other upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholstery material, and (3) is intended or promoted for sittingupon.3.2.5 upholstery cover material, nthe outermost layer of fabric or related materials used to enclose the main support system,or upholstery mat

24、erials, or both, used in the furniture unit.3.2.6 upholstery material, nthe padding, stuffing, or filling material used in a furniture unit, which may be either loose orattached, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or located between the upholstery cover material and support system, if present

25、.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to, material, such as foams, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill, bonded cellulose, or down.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Underwrit

26、ers Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5 Available from Bureau of Electronic andAppliance Repair, Home Furnishings andThermal Insulation, State of California, Dept. of ConsumerAffairs, 3485 Orange GroveAve., North Highlands, CA 95660-5595, www.bhfti.ca.gov.6 Avai

27、lable from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/7 Available from Nordtest, PO Box 22, SF-00341, Helsingfors, Finland.8 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.E1537 13

28、24. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method determines a number of fire-test-response characteristics from a full-scale specimen of upholsteredfurniture ignited with a propane gas burner. Measurements to be made include rate of heat and smoke release, total amount of heatand smoke released, rate

29、and concentration of carbon oxides released, and rate and amount of mass of specimen lost. Other optionalmeasurements are also described.4.2 Three options are provided, in all of which the upholstered furniture specimen to be tested is placed on a weighing platformand measurements of heat release, s

30、moke release, and combustion gas release are made in an exhaust duct.4.3 In Options A and B the duct is located outside the doorway of a test room. In Option C the duct is located directly over thespecimen.4.4 Additional (optional) instrumentation placed in the test room is also described.5. Signifi

31、cance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics resulting from burning aspecimen of upholstered furniture. The upholstered furniture specimen is allowed to burn freely under well-ventilated conditionsafter ignition using a propane gas bur

32、ner. The most important fire-test-response characteristic measured is the rate of heat release,which quantifies the intensity of the fire generated.5.2 The rate of heat release is measured by the principle of oxygen consumption. The assumptions and limitations of oxygendepletion calorimetry are disc

33、ussed in Annex A4, and in particular in A4.1.2.5.3 Other fire-test-response characteristics are measured, namely smoke obscuration and combustion gas release, as they arealso important in making decisions on fire safety.5.4 The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, presen

34、t in all fires. They are indicators of thetoxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion. Measurement of concentrations of carbon oxides are useful fortwo purposes: as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxicc

35、ombustion gases, which are specific to certain materials, are less crucial for determining combustion completeness and areoptional measures, but fire hazard assessment often requires their measurement.5.5 The type of ignition chosen (a flaming source) is common in both accidental and intentional fir

36、es in public occupancies. Thistest method is thus applicable to upholstered furniture in public occupancies. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, jails,prisons, nursing care homes, health care facilities, public auditoriums, hotels, and motels.5.6 It has been shown that if the gas burner

37、 is used at a flow rate of 13 L/min for 80 s (equivalent to 19.3 kW), as is the casein California Technical Bulletin (CATB) 133, it approximates the ignition propensity of five crumpled sheets of newspaper locatedon the seating cushion.5.7 This test method specifies both a particular flow rate of pr

38、opane gas and a period of gas flow. If the ignition conditions arechanged, the results would then deviate from the model selected for this test.5.8 This test method is not applicable to ignition of upholstered furniture by cigarettes.5.9 One of the following three test configurations is to be used i

39、n this test method:5.9.1 AA test room with the following dimensions: 3.66 by 2.44 by 2.44 m high.5.9.2 BA test room with the following dimensions: 3.66 by 3.05 by 2.44 m high.5.9.3 CAn open calorimeter (or furniture calorimeter).5.10 Measurements in the three test configurations listed in 5.9 have b

40、een shown to give similar results for heat release in theduct, for heat release rates lower than 600 kW (see X1.4) (1).95.11 Measurements of temperatures, gas concentrations, and smoke obscuration in the room, which are optional in this testmethod, are dependent on room size.5.12 This test method ha

41、s been designed to give details for the means to build and operate equipment capable of running testsas required by CA TB 133. This test method is, however, more general than that technical bulletin.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen consists of a full-size manufactured item of upholstered furnit

42、ure, a representative prototype of theupholstered furniture, or a mock-up of the upholstered furniture, constructed in accordance with Annex A1.6.2 When a full-scale upholstered furniture mock-up is used, the mock-up shall in all possible respects reflect the constructionof the actual furniture that

43、 it is intended to represent.9 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of the text.E1537 1337. Room Layout and Instrumentation7.1 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration A)The test room shall have dimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 6 25 mmby 2.44 m 6 25 mm high

44、(8 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.76 m6 6.4mm by 2.03 m 6 6.4 mm (30 by 80 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 1, and other small openings, as necessary to make testmeasurements. Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, and line it with fi

45、re rated gypsum wallboard or calcium silicatewallboard. Position a hood, as described in AnnexA2, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects all the combustion gases.There shall be no obstructions to the air supply to the test setup.NOTE 1Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wal

46、lboard with a thickness of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) have been found acceptable. Ifthe thickness of the wallboard is larger, it will not affect the results of this test.7.2 Test Room Layout (Test Configuration B)The test room shall have dimensions of 3.05 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 6 25 mmby 2.44 m 6 25 mm

47、high (10 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall have no openings other than a doorway opening 0.97 m6 6.4mm by 2.06 m 6 6.4 mm (38 by 81 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 2, and other small openings, as necessary, to make testmeasurements. Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, and line it

48、with fire-rated gypsum wallboard or calcium silicatewallboard. Position a hood, as described in AnnexA2, outside of the room doorway, such that it collects all the combustion gases.There shall be no obstructions to the air supply to the test set-up. (See Note 1.)7.3 Open Calorimeter Layout (Test Con

49、figuration C)The area surrounding the test specimen shall be sufficiently large thatthere are no heat radiation effects from the walls or any other nearby objects. The airflow to the test specimen shall be symmetricalfrom all sides.7.4 General Discussion of Room LayoutHeat release measurements in the duct, made in OptionsA, B, and C have been shownto give similar results for heat release rates lower than 600 kW (see X1.4) (1).7.5 Other Test Room FurnishingsThe test room shall contain no furnishings except for the item to be te