ASTM E290-2014 red 8076 Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility《材料延展性完全试验的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: E290 13E290 14Standard Test Methods forBend Testing of Material for Ductility1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 These test methods cover bend testing for ducti
3、lity of materials. Included in the procedures are four conditions of constrainton the bent portion of the specimen; a guided-bend test using a mandrel or plunger of defined dimensions to force the mid-lengthof the specimen between two supports separated by a defined space; a semi-guided bend test in
4、 which the specimen is bent, whilein contact with a mandrel, through a specified angle or to a specified inside radius (r) of curvature, measured while under thebending force; a free-bend test in which the ends of the specimen are brought toward each other, but in which no transverse forceis applied
5、 to the bend itself and there is no contact of the concave inside surface of the bend with other material; a bend and flattentest, in which a transverse force is applied to the bend such that the legs make contact with each other over the length of thespecimen.1.2 After bending, the convex surface o
6、f the bend is examined for evidence of a crack or surface irregularities. If the specimenfractures, the material has failed the test. When complete fracture does not occur, the criterion for failure is the number and sizeof cracks or surface irregularities visible to the unaided eye occurring on the
7、 convex surface of the specimen after bending, asspecified by the product standard. Any cracks within one thickness of the edge of the specimen are not considered a bend testfailure. Cracks occurring in the corners of the bent portion shall not be considered significant unless they exceed the size s
8、pecifiedfor corner cracks in the product standard.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Inch-pound values given in parentheses were used inestablishing test parameters and are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, i
9、f any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical
10、TestingE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE190 Test Method for Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds3. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Four methods for ductility testing employing bending are included in these test me
11、thods. Three methods have subgroupswith specific procedures.3.1.1 Guided Bend:3.1.1.1 Guided Bend, No Die,3.1.1.2 Guided Bend, U-Bend,3.1.1.3 Guided Bend, V-Bend,3.1.1.4 Guided Bend, V-Bend for cold rolled sheet,1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing
12、 and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.02 on Ductility andFormability.Current edition approved April 1, 2013May 1, 2014. Published May 2013September 2014. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 asE290 09.E290 13. DOI: 10.1520/E0290-13.10.1520/E0290-14.
13、2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to
14、 provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof
15、 the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 Semi-guided Bend:3.1.2.1 Arrangement A
16、, specimen held at one end.3.1.2.2 Arrangement B, for thin material.3.1.2.3 Arrangement C, mandrel contact force in the bend.3.1.3 Free-Bend:3.1.3.1 Type 1, 180 bend.3.1.3.2 Type 2, bend flat on itself.3.1.4 Bend and Flatten:3.2 A guided-bend test for ductility of welds is described in Method E190 a
17、nd may be used for flat-rolled materials whenspecified by the product standard. The essential features of this bending method are employed in 3.1.1.2, Guided Bend, U-Bend.3.3 Bend tests are made in one of two directions relative to the principal working direction employed in production processingof
18、the material.3.3.1 Longitudinal tests use a specimen with its long dimension aligned with the processing direction such that the bend isformed across the processing direction, as shown in Fig. 1.3.3.2 Transverse tests use a specimen with the long dimension perpendicular to the processing direction s
19、o that the bend axisis aligned with the processing direction, as shown in Fig. 2. The axis of bend is the center of the bend radius.3.3.3 Thin sheet products are generally produced by reducing the thickness of stock in rolling mills and from this the termrolling direction is used to identify the pri
20、ncipal processing direction. Similarly, a product produced in coil form may have theprocessing direction referred to as the coiling direction.3.4 The location of the force application to the specimen relative to the bend itself and the amount of bending differentiate thefour methods of bending cover
21、ed in these test methods. The two semi-guided bend test procedures provide radiused surfaces overwhich the bend is formed. The results obtained by different test procedures may not be the same, especially for material with atendency to crack or fracture.3.5 The test is completed when the designated
22、angle of bend, or other specified condition, has been reached.3.5.1 If a defined amount of cracking is permitted by the product standard, the convex surface of the bend region is examinedfor cracks and surface irregularities.3.5.2 Surface irregularities, such as orange peel, loss of coating adherenc
23、e, or imperfections resulting from the bend, shall benoted as required by the product specification.3.6 Guided BendThe guided-bend test is made by supporting the specimen near each end on pins, rollers, or flat surfaces withappropriate end radii and applying a force through a pin, mandrel, plunger,
24、or male die midway between two supports, as shownschematically in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, and Fig. 6 until the desired bend is formed. No force is applied directly to the outer faceof the bend when no female die is used (3.1.1.1). Some force may be applied by the female die to the outer face of the
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