ASTM D7712-2018 1250 Standard Terminology for Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos.pdf
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1、Designation: D7712 18Standard Terminology forSampling and Analysis of Asbestos1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7712; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology standard is a collective vocabularyrelating to sampling and analysis of asbestos.As a convenienceto general interest, it contains most
3、 of the standard terms,definitions, and nomenclature under the jurisdiction of Com-mittee D22.1.2 Many of the entries in this terminology are copied (withattribution) from the standards of origin referenced in Section2. The standards of origin are noted in bold type at the rightmargin of the applica
4、ble definition.1.3 Certain terms in the common language that comprisemultiple concepts are included herein with the definitionspecific to standards and practices of Committee D22.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-izati
5、on established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAt
6、mospheresD5755 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and IndirectAnalysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopyfor Asbestos Structure Number Surface LoadingD5756 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and IndirectAnalysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopyfor Asbestos Mass Surface Loadin
7、g (Withdrawn 2017)2D6281 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration inAmbient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined byTransmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)D6480 Test Method for Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, IndirectPreparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure NumberSurface Load
8、ing by Transmission Electron MicroscopyD6620 Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based onCountsD7200 Practice for Sampling and Counting Airborne Fibers,Including Asbestos Fibers, in Mines and Quarries, byPhase Contrast Microscopy and Transmission ElectronMicroscopyD7201 Practice for Sampling and C
9、ounting Airborne Fibers,Including Asbestos Fibers, in the Workplace, by PhaseContrast Microscopy (with an Option of TransmissionElectron Microscopy)D7390 Guide for Evaluating Asbestos in Dust on Surfacesby Comparison Between Two Environments2.2 Government Standards:USGS Open-File Report 02-458 Tabul
10、ation of Asbestos-Related Terminology3. Terminologyacicular, adjthe shape shown by an extremely slender crystalwith cross-sectional dimensions that are small relative to itslength, that is, needle-like. D6281activity generated aerosol, na dispersion of particles in airthat have become airborne due t
11、o physical disturbances suchas human activity, sweeping, airflow, etc. D7390amphibole, na group of more than 60 different silicateminerals with similar crystal structures and complex com-positions that conform to the nominal formula:A021B2C5T8O22OH,F,Cl!2where:A = K, Na, Ca;B =Fe2+, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na;C
12、 = Al, Cr, Ti, Fe3+, Mg, Fe2+; andMn and T = Si, Al, Cr, Fe3+,Ti.In some varieties of amphibole, these elements can bepartially substituted by Li, Pb, Zn, Be, Ba, or Ni. Amphibolesare characterized by a complex monoclinic or orthorhombicstructure that includes a double chain of T-O tetrahedra with a
13、T:O ratio of approximately 4:11; a variable morphology thatranges from columnar to prismatic to acicular to fibrous; andgood prismatic cleavage at angles of about 56 and 124. Thecleavage may not be readily exhibited by small crystals that arebound by irregular growth and fracture surfaces. D62811Thi
14、s terminology standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Samplingand Analysis of Asbestos.Current edition approved April 15, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in
15、 2011 as D7712 111.DOI:10.1520/D7712-18.2The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with in
16、ternationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1amphibole asbestos, namphibole in an asbestif
17、orm habit.D6281D6480analytical sensitivity, nthe calculated airborne asbestosstructure concentration in asbestos structures/L, equivalentto the counting of one asbestos structure in the analysis.D6281nthe calculated airborne asbestos structure concentrationin asbestos structures/square centimeter, e
18、quivalent to countingof one asbestos structure in the analysis calculated using Eq. 2in D6480. D6480area sample, nan air sample collected so as to represent theconcentration of airborne dust in a specific mine location, orarea, or room of a workplace. D7200nan air sample collected so as to represent
19、 the concen-tration of airborne dust in a specific area or room, which, in thecase of this practice, refers to an area or room of a workplace.D7201asbestiform, adja special type of fibrous habit in which thefibers are separable into thinner fibers and ultimately intofibrils. This habit accounts for
20、greater flexibility and highertensile strength than other habits of the same mineral. D5755D5756adja specific type of fibrous habit in which the fibers areseparable into thinner fibers and ultimately into fibrils. Thishabit accounts for greater flexibility and higher tensile strengththan other habit
21、s of the same mineral. D6281adja specific type of fibrous mineral growth habit inwhich the fibers and fibrils exhibit a polyfilamentous growthhabit and possess high tensile strength and flexibility. Allmaterials regulated as asbestos are asbestiform, but not allasbestiform minerals are classified as
22、 asbestos. Characteristicssuch as tensile strength and flexibility cannot be ascertainedfrom microscopic evaluation. D7200D7201asbestos, na collective term that describes a group ofnaturally occurring, inorganic, highly fibrous, silicate domi-nated minerals, which are easily separated into long, thi
23、n,flexible fibers when crushed or processed.DISCUSSIONIncluded in the definition are the asbestiform varietiesof: serpentine (chrysotile); riebeckite (crocidolite); grunerite (gruneriteasbestos); anthophyllite (anthophyllite asbestos); tremolite (tremoliteasbestos); and actinolite (actinolite asbest
24、os). The amphibole mineralcompositions are defined in accordance with the nomenclature of theInternational Mineralogical Association. D5755na collective term that describes a group of naturallyoccurring, inorganic, highly fibrous, silicate minerals, whichare easily separated into long, thin, flexibl
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