ASTM D7188-2005(2010) 7500 Standard Terminology for Printing Inks Materials and Processes《印刷油墨、材料和流程的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: D7188 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Terminology forPrinting Inks, Materials, and Processes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology standard covers terms used in thedescription of printing inks, printing materials, and printingprocesses.1.2 T
3、his terminology standard does not include definitionsrelated to Print Problems (see Terminology D6488).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and h
4、ealth practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing InksBy the NPIRI GrindometerD1535 Practice fo
5、r Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemD2066 Test Methods for Relative Tinting Strength of Paste-Type Printing Ink DispersionsD3732 Practice for Reporting Cure Times of Ultraviolet-Cured CoatingsD4040 Test Method for Rheological Properties of PastePrinting and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod Viscometer
6、D4302 Specification for Artists Oil, Resin-Oil, and AlkydPaintsD4361 Test Method for Apparent Tack of Printing Inks andVehicles by a Three-Roller TackmeterD4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-ences Between Surfaces of Similar AppearanceD5010 Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Rel
7、ated Mate-rialsD5181 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of PrintedMatter by the GA-CAT Comprehensive Abrasion TesterD5383 Practice for Visual Determination of the Lightfast-ness of Art Materials by Art TechnologistsD5403 Test Methods for Volatile Content of RadiationCurable MaterialsD5909 Test Meth
8、od for Drying Time of Oxidative-DryingPrinting Inks by Squalene ResistanceD6488 Terminology Relating to Print ProblemsD6493 Test Methods for Softening Point of HydrocarbonResins by Automated Ring-and-Ball ApparatusD6687 Guide for Testing Printing Ink Vehicles and Com-ponents ThereofE430 Test Methods
9、 for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry2.2 Other Documents:NAPIM: National Association of Printing Ink Manufactur-ers, 5thed. 19883Kipphan: Handbook of Print Media Technologies and Pro-duction Methods, Kipphan, Helmut: Springer 20013. Significance and Use3.1 A co
10、mmon set of definitions is essential to improvecommunication and avoid misunderstanding among ink mak-ers, paper makers, and printers.3.2 Definitions that are verbatim from one of the referencedsources are indicated by giving the acronym of the organizationor the author of the book at the end of the
11、 definition.4. Terminology4.1 Definitions:abrasion resistance, n(1) the ability of a coating to resistbeing worn away and to maintain its original appearance andstructure when subjected to rubbing, scraping, or wear.D16(2) resistance against the act of scraping, smudging, orrubbing off. D5181(3) abi
12、lity to withstand the effects of repeated rubbing andscuffing. NAPIMabrasiveness, n(1) the degree to which a product tends tocause abrasion by the act of rubbing or scraping. D5181(2) the tendency of a substance to wear or scratch othersurfaces with which it is in contact. NAPIM1This terminology is
13、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 2005. Last previous edition approved in 200
14、5 as D7188 - 05. DOI: 10.1520/D7188-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Nat
15、ional Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers, 581 MainSt., 5th Fl., Woodbridge, NJ 07095, http:/www.napim.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.absorbency, nthe tendency of a porous material, such aspaper, to take up
16、 liquids or vapors. NAPIMabsorption, nsoaking in or penetration of liquid componentsof the ink into the pores of an absorbent substrate (a type ofphysical drying, like evaporation). Kipphanacross-machine direction, nthe perpendicular to with-machine direction, referring to a substrate and its passag
17、ethrough printing machinery.additive, na substance added in small quantities to anothersubstance, usually to improve properties; sometimes called amodifier (for example, a drier, mildewcide, etc.). D16additive primary colors, nred, green, and blue. NAPIMDISCUSSIONMixing lights of these colors togeth
18、er can produce alarge gamut of colors. When mixed in equal amounts, they produce thesensation of white light.adhesion, nthe tendency of a material to bond to anothermaterial, as in the bonding of a printing ink to a substrate.adhesion promoter, na material built into the binder oradded to the ink to
19、 form primary bonds to either the substrateor the previously applied coating, with the specific aim ofimproving the dry or wet adhesion, or both.adsorption, nthe adhesion of an extremely thin layer ofmaterial to the surface with which it is in contact. NAPIMafter-tack, nthe tendency of a printed sur
20、face to remainsticky to the touch even when the ink has completed itsdrying process.agglomerate, na cluster of pigment aggregates that can bebroken down by appropriate dispersion and milling opera-tions during ink manufacture.aggregate, na cluster of primary pigment particles thatcannot be broken do
21、wn by dispersion and milling operationsduring ink manufacture.alkyd, na group of synthetic resins formed by condensationsof polybasic acids with polyhydric alcohols, and modifiedwith drying oils for printing ink use. NAPIMaluminum ink, nsee silver ink.aniline ink, nearly name for rubber plate printi
22、ng fluid(flexographic) ink. NAPIManiline point, nthe minimum temperature at which a hydro-carbon solvent is completely soluble in an equal volume offreshly distilled aniline. NAPIMDISCUSSIONBelow this point, the mixture is cloudy and separatesinto two layers. It is used as a measure of solvent power
23、 of hydrocarbonsolvents.aniline printing, nan earlier name for flexography, based onthe use of the aniline inks that were initially used.Kipphananilox roller, nan engraved metering cylinder used in flexopresses to transfer a controlled film of ink to the printingplate.antiskinning agents, nchemical
24、substances that retard theskin formation on the surface of an oxidizable oil or ink(frequently antioxidants). NAPIMapparent tack, na measure of the force required to split anink film at the out-running nip of a pair of rollers under aspecific set of conditions.ball mill, na dispersion device compris
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