ASTM D6609-2017 red 4375 Standard Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of Coal《煤随机抽样的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: D6609 08 (Reapproved 2015)D6609 17Standard Guide forPart-Stream Sampling of Coal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6609; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n

2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers general principles for obtaining a gross sample of coal by taking increments from part of a stream of coalrather than

3、from the entire stream to be sampled. The usefulness of results from this guide will vary greatly depending on suchfactors as top size of the coal, size consistency of the coal, variability of the coal, and such logistical factors as the flow rate ofthe coal in process and physical accessibility of

4、the sampling station.1.2 This guide should be used only when it is not possible to use a method of sampling that produces a probability sample.1.3 Sample preparation procedures involving crushing are contained in Practice D2013.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The va

5、lues in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine

6、 theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issu

7、edby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D121 Terminology of Coal and CokeD2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of CoalE456 Terminology Relating to Q

8、uality and Statistics2.2 Federal Standards:Federal Mine and Safety and Health Act of 19773Occupational Safety and Health Act of 197033. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor additional definitions of terms, refer to Terminology D121, Practice D2013, Terminology E456, andPractice D2234/D2234M.3.2 Definitions

9、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 part-stream sampling, na method of coal sampling in which collection of individual increments does not encompass thefull cross section of the coal stream.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Part-stream sampling is accomplished by collecting increments from part of a stre

10、am of coal for the purpose of acquiringa gross sample.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.23 on Sampling.Current edition approved April 1, 2015Oct. 15, 2017. Published May 2015October 2017. Originally appr

11、oved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 asD6609-08-15 DOI: 10.1520/D6609-08R15.10.1520/D6609-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the

12、standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 .AvailableAvailable from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of

13、an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publ

14、ished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This guide provides instructions for sampling by collecting individual increments from part of a cross

15、section of a movingstream of coal, as opposed to collection of individual increments by removal of a full cross section of material. The use ofpart-stream sampling, and the detailed procedures for each case, should be agreed upon in advance by all parties concerned.Samples collected by use of this g

16、uide are not probability samples. The user is cautioned that samples of this type do not satisfythe minimum requirements for probability sampling and as such cannot be used to obtain any meaningful statistical inferences suchas the sampling precision, standard error, or bias.5.2 All parties should b

17、e cautioned that manual sampling of coal from a moving stream might not enable sampling of thematerial that is furthermost from the point of entry into stream by the sampling device.6. Increment Collection Classification6.1 Three distinct classifications of part-stream sampling methods are recognize

18、d by this guide, in order of preference, as listedbelow:6.1.1 Condition C-1The case in which groups of successive part-stream increments are taken so that the increments withineach group encompass the full cross section of the coal stream.6.1.2 Condition C-2The case in which groups of successive par

19、t-stream increments are collected from different positionsrelative to the full cross section of the coal stream but the increments within each group do not encompass the full cross section.6.1.3 Condition C-3The case in which groups of successive part-stream increments are collected from the same re

20、lativeposition to the full cross section of the coal stream.7. Organization and Planning of Sampling Operations7.1 Considerations When Sampling from a Coal Stream:7.1.1 Safety ConsiderationsIf the sampling device is to be used manually, safety and ease of operation should be carefullyconsidered. For

21、 example, aluminum can be used to minimize the weight of the device and special handles fabricated to facilitateits use. Shovels with loop handles should be used only with extreme caution. There is the potential to catch and drag the samplingdevice and sampler while manually sampling a moving stream

22、. Sampling personnel should be protected from moving parts suchas conveyors or belt idlers. A safety harness for the sampling personnel may be an appropriate safety device in some samplingsituations. The user of this guide must be aware that each sampling situation has its own unique safety requirem

23、ents that shouldbe thoroughly reviewed before the start of sample collection. This standard does not purport to address all safety requirements;however, users are urged to comply with all Federal requirements such as those contained in the Federal Mine Safety and HealthAct of 1977, the Occupational

24、Safety and HealthAct of 1970, as well as state and local regulations and site specific safety policiesand procedures.7.1.2 Width of Sampling DeviceThe width of the sampling device shall be a minimum of 2312 times the nominal top size ofthe coal being sampled.7.1.3 Depth of Sampling DeviceWhen determ

25、ining the depth of the sampling device, two considerations are: (1) top size ofthe coal and (2) feed rate of the coal. The depth of the sampling device shall be sufficient so that it does not overfill duringincrement collection. Thus, the higher feed rate, the greater the depth required and the larg

26、er the increment obtained. The incrementmay become too large for one person to handle even at moderate to low feed rates.7.1.4 Weight of IncrementsDimensions and operations of the sampling device should ensure that increment weights are equalto, or in excess of, those contained in Table 2 of Practic

27、e D2234/D2234M.7.2 Location of Sampling StationTwo factors that must be considered relative to location of the sampling when using thepart-stream method are the location along the stream of coal to be sampled from which primary increments are collected, and thesampling pattern to be used at that poi

28、nt. This section contains general principles for determining the preferred options regardinglocation of the sampling station and the pattern to be used.7.2.1 Location Along the Coal Stream A sampling point, protected from environment (wind, rain, and so forth), is usually thebest choice for locating

29、 the point of sampling. Certain other factors may also need to be considered, such as accessibility, thevolume and velocity of falling material, the potential for particle rebounding, the relative location to the sample preparationequipment, and variations in the coal stream produced by crushers, sc

30、reens, or other parts of the system.7.2.2 Sampling PatternIdeally, a sampling pattern should ensure that all equal mass units in a lot being sampled have an equalchance of being selected by the primary increment sampling device; however, this is not possible if all equal mass units are notavailable

31、for selection as is the case when only part of the stream is sampled. Because of this, all interested parties should agreeupon the details concerning the pattern to be used. Increments should be of approximately equal mass when obtained at the sameflow rate. The type of increment collection should n

32、ot be changed during the collection of a gross sample. A different samplingdevice may deliver different mass increments into the same gross sample and thus impair the ability of the sample to maintain thecorrect proportionality for the flow rate being sampled.7.3 Frequency of Increment Collection Al

33、though meaningful levels of precision cannot be obtained for non-probabilitysamples, for the purpose of establishing uniform sample collection procedures, it is suggested that the frequency of primaryD6609 172increment collection be based upon the lot size of the coal. The following formula is sugge

34、sted to determine the number ofincrements required for one gross sample. The number of increments specified in Eq 1 was arbitrarily chosen as 35. PracticeD2234/D2234M states that for part-stream sampling, these details of the sampling procedure should be agreed upon in advanceby all parties concerne

35、d. Since meaningful levels of precision cannot be obtained for these samples, any multiplier can beconsidered valid in place of the number 35 in Eq 1 if agreed upon by the parties concerned.N 535 L1000 (1)where:L = the number of Mg tonsN = number of increments to be collected.7.3.1 The number of inc

36、rements obtained for a given feed rate is determined by the frequency of increment collection. Thefrequency of increment collection is determined as follows:T 5a/R (2)where:T = total sampling time (seconds, minutes, hours),R = feed rate (weight/unit time; for example, metric tons/h), anda = lot size

37、, in metric tons or (tons).D6609 173F 5T/N (3)where:F = frequency of increment collection (increment/unit time) andN = number of increments to be collected (from Eq 1.)7.3.2 In some situations, the feed rate can vary over the sampling period. Effort should be made to ascertain if the change offeed r

38、ate will be maintained so that adjustment of increment frequency can be made. Record any variation of feed rate whenadjustment of frequency is not possible. In cases of blended coals, all interested parties should be notified that the blend in thesample may not represent the blend of the lot sampled

39、.7.4 Storage of IncrementsIt is recommended that sample increments be adequately protected from moisture variation by theuse of moisture-tight containers. Care must be taken to assure that the integrity of the container, including any moisture seal, isnot compromised during handling.7.5 Stratificati

40、onIt is recommended that, where significant stratification exists, a sampling plan should be designed to obtaina probability sample, rather than taking part-stream samples.8. Apparatus and Equipment8.1 All interested parties before the start of each sampling program must agree upon sampling equipmen

41、t and sample containers(suitable for storage and transportation).8.2 It is recommended that storage containers be both waterproof and strong enough to be transported to the preparation facilitywithout damage. (For example, a commonly used container is a combination of a heavy woven plastic or heavy

42、cotton outer bagwith a plastic inner liner bag of at least 4-mm thickness.) The sealing of both bags with drawstrings or twist ties is recommended.Ten- or twelve-gallon metal containers with similar plastic bag inner linings and tight-fitting lids can also be used whereappropriate.8.3 Each storage c

43、ontainer must be fully identified to keep it separate from any other container. Waterproof marking pens andtags are useful for the purpose. Two tags are recommended, each fully marked with all identifying information for each container,one placed inside the inner liner plastic bag and one placed on

44、the outside of the container.9. Personnel9.1 Sampling personnel should have an understanding of and a sense of responsibility for the potential effects on the sampleof variations in sampling procedures.9.2 All sampling personnel shall be trained and cautioned on all aspects of sampling safety before

45、 commencement of sampling.10. Keywords10.1 coal sampling; part-stream samplingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid

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