ASTM D6079-2018 0625 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR).pdf

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1、Designation: D6079 18Standard Test Method forEvaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-FrequencyReciprocating Rig (HFRR)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6079; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi

2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the lubricity ofdiesel fuels using a high-frequency recipro

3、cating rig (HFRR).1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels,such as Grades No. 1-D S15, S500, and S5000, and Grades No.2-D S15, S500, and S5000 diesel fuels, in accordance withSpecification D975; and other similar petroleum-based fuelswhich can be used in diesel engines. This tes

4、t method isapplicable to biodiesel blends. B5 was included in the roundrobin program that determined the precision statement.NOTE 1It is not known that this test method will predict theperformance of all additive/fuel combinations. Additional work is under-way to establish this correlation and futur

5、e revisions of this test methodmay be necessary once this work is complete.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its

6、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in

7、accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1

8、 ASTM Standards:2D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD6078 Test M

9、ethod for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuelsby the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-tor (SLBOCLE)E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-ness of Metallic Materials2.2 SAE Standard:3SAE-AMS 6440 Steel, Bars, Fo

10、rgings, and Tubing, 1.45 Cr(0.93-1.05C) (SAE 52100), for Bearing Applications2.3 ISO Standard:4ISO 3290 Roller Bearings, Balls Dimensions and toler-ances3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 boundary lubrication, na condition in which thefriction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion aredet

11、ermined by the properties of the surfaces and the propertiesof the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity.3.1.1.1 DiscussionMetal to metal contact occurs and thechemistry of the system is involved. Physically adsorbed or1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetrole

12、um Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6079 1

13、1 (2016).DOI: 10.1520/D6079-18.This test method was developed by ISO/TC22/SC7/WG6 and is a part of ISO12156.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan

14、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Chang

15、es section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Deci

16、sion on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1chemically reacted soft films (usually very thin) supportcontact loads. As a result, some wear is inevitable.3.1.2 lubricit

17、y, na qualitative term describing the abilityof a fluid to affect friction between, and wear to, surfaces inrelative motion under load.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, the lubricity of afluid is evaluated by the wear scar, in microns, produced on anoscillating ball from contact with a stationa

18、ry disk immersed inthe fluid operating under defined and controlled conditions.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 HFRRhigh frequency reciprocating rig3.2.2 WSDwear scar diameter4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A 2 mL test specimen of fuel is placed in the testreservoir of an HFRR.4.2 A vibrator arm holding a nonro

19、tating steel ball andloaded with a 200 g mass is lowered until it contacts a test diskcompletely submerged in the fuel. When the fuel temperaturehas stabilized, the ball is caused to rub against the disk with a1 mm stroke at a frequency of 50 Hz for 75 min.4.3 The test fuel temperature is maintained

20、 at 60 C and theambient relative humidity is maintained between 30 % and85 %.4.4 At the conclusion of the test, the upper specimen holderis removed from the vibrator arm and cleaned. The image ofthe wear scar is captured using the microscope digital camera,and the dimensions of the major and minor a

21、xes of the wearscar are measured and recorded.5. Significance and Use5.1 Diesel fuel injection equipment has some reliance onlubricating properties of the diesel fuel. Shortened life ofengine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps andinjectors, has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubrici

22、ty in adiesel fuel.5.2 The trend of HFRR test results to diesel injection systempump component distress due to wear has been demonstratedin pump rig tests for some fuel/hardware combinations whereboundary lubrication is believed to be a factor in the operationof the component.55.3 The wear scar gene

23、rated in the HFRR test is sensitive tocontamination of the fluids and test materials, the temperatureof the test fuel, and the ambient relative humidity. Lubricityevaluations are also sensitive to trace contaminants acquiredduring test fuel sampling and storage.5.4 The HFRR and Scuffing Load Ball on

24、 Cylinder Lubric-ity Evaluator (SLBOCLE, Test Method D6078) are two meth-ods for evaluating diesel fuel lubricity. No absolute correlationhas been developed between the two test methods.5.5 The HFRR may be used to evaluate the relative effec-tiveness of diesel fuels for preventing wear under the pre

25、-scribed test conditions. Correlation of HFRR test results withfield performance of diesel fuel injection systems has not yetbeen determined.5.6 This test method is designed to evaluate boundarylubrication properties. While viscosity effects on lubricity inthis test method are not totally eliminated

26、, they are minimized.6. Apparatus6.1 High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR),6,7(see Fig.1) capable of rubbing a steel ball loaded with a 200 g massagainst a stationary steel disk completely submerged in a testfuel. The apparatus uses a 1 mm stroke length at a frequency of50 Hz for 75 min. Complete

27、operating conditions are listed inTable 1.6.2 Test Reservoir, capable of holding a test disk in a rigidmanner beneath the test fuel. The temperature of this reservoir,and consequently the test fuel contained in it, is maintained bymeans of a closely attached electrically controlled heater pad.6.3 Co

28、ntrol Unit6,7for controlling stroke length, frequency,test reservoir temperature, friction force, electrical contactpotential, and test duration, with an electronic data acquisitionand control system.6.4 Microscope, with Digital Camera6,7capable of 100magnification, installed and calibrated accordin

29、g to manufac-turer instructions, capable of capturing a crisp image of thewear scar. Camera system resolution should be a minimum of2048 1536 pixels. The measurement system should allowhorizontal and vertical measurement devices or cursors to bepositioned at the wear scar boundaries with an accuracy

30、 of 1micron.6.5 Cleaning Bath, ultrasonic seamless stainless steel tankwith adequate capacity and a cleaning power of 40 W orgreater.6.6 Desiccator, capable of storing test disks, balls, andhardware.5Nikanjam, M., Crosby, T., Henderson, P., Gray, C., Meyer, K, and Davenport,N., “ISO Diesel Fuel Lubr

31、icity Round Robin Program,” SAE, Paper No. 952372,SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Oct. 16-19, 1995, Toronto, Canada.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis PCS Instruments, 78 Stanley Gardens, London W3 7SZ, England.7If you are aware of alternative supplie

32、rs, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of HFRR (not including instrumenta-tion)D6079 1827. Reagents and Materials7.1 Ac

33、etone, reagent grade (WarningExtremely flam-mable. Vapors may cause flash fire).7.2 Compressed Air, containing less than 0.1 ppmv hydro-carbons and 50 ppmv water. (WarningCompressed gasunder high pressure. Use with extreme caution in the presenceof combustible material.)7.3 Gloves, appropriate for t

34、he reagents used.7.4 Reference Fluids:7.4.1 Fluid A8High lubricity reference (WarningFlammable). Store in clean, borosilicate glass with an alumi-num foil-lined insert cap or a fully epoxy-lined metal container.Store in dark area.7.4.2 Fluid B8Low lubricity reference (WarningFlammable. Vapor harmful

35、). Store in clean, borosilicate glasswith an aluminum foil-lined insert cap or a fully epoxy-linedmetal container. Store in a dark area.7.5 Heptane, reagent grade (WarningExtremely flam-mable. Vapors may cause flash fire.)7.6 Isooctane, reagent grade (WarningExtremely flam-mable. Vapors may cause fl

36、ash fire.)7.7 2propanol, reagent grade (WarningExtremely flam-mable. Vapors may cause flash fire.)7.8 Test Ball, (Grade 28 per ISO 3290) of SAE-AMS 6440steel, with a diameter of 6.00 mm, having a Rockwell hardness“C” scale (HRC) number of 58 - 66, in accordance with TestMethods E18.7.8.1 Test balls

37、are an extremely important part of theprocess and can significantly affect results. An equivalencyevaluation was conducted on test balls and test disks and can befound in ASTM Research Report RR: RR:D02-1890.97.9 Test Disk,10 mm disk of SAE-AMS 6440 steel ma-chined from annealed rod, having a Vicker

38、s hardness “HV 30,”in accordance with Specification E92, a scale number of190-210, turned, lapped, and polished to a surface finish of lessthan 0.02 m Ra.7.9.1 Test disks are an extremely important part of theprocess and can significantly affect results. An equivalencyevaluation was conducted on tes

39、t balls and test disks and can befound in ASTM Research Report RR: RR:D02-1890.9NOTE 2Users are encouraged to request a certificate of conformancedemonstrating that test balls and test disks meet the requirements listed in7.8 and 7.9.7.10 Wiper, wiping tissue, light-duty, lint-free, hydrocarbon-free

40、, disposable.8. Sampling and Sample Containers8.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be taken bythe procedure described in Practice D4057 or Practice D4177.8.2 Because of the sensitivity of lubricity measurements totrace materials, sample containers shall be only fully epoxy-lined metal, ambe

41、r borosilicate glass, or polytetrafluorethylene(PTFE), cleaned and rinsed thoroughly at least three times withthe product to be sampled before use, as specified underContainers for Lubricity Testing in Practice D4306.8.3 New sample containers are preferred, but if notavailable, the Containers for Lu

42、bricity Testing section ofPractice D4306 gives guidance on suitable cleaning proceduresfor each type of container.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Test Disks, (as received):9.1.1 Place disks in a clean beaker. Transfer a sufficientvolume of heptane or 50/50 isooctane/2-propanol into thebeaker to compl

43、etely cover the test disks.9.1.2 Place beaker in ultrasonic cleaner and turn on for7 min.9.1.3 Handle all clean test pieces with clean forceps. Re-move the test discs and repeat the above cleaning procedurefrom 9.1.1 with acetone for 2 min.9.1.4 Dry and store in desiccator.NOTE 3Drying operations ca

44、n be accomplished using compressed airjet at 140 kPa to 210 kPa-pressure.9.2 Test Balls, (as received)The test balls are to be cleanedfollowing the same procedure, 9.1.1 to 9.1.4, as for the testdisks.9.3 HardwareAll hardware and utensils that come intocontact with the test disks, test balls, or tes

45、t fuel, shall becleaned by washing thoroughly with heptane or 50/50isooctane/2-propanol, rinsed with acetone, and dried.10. Test Apparatus Inspection and Verification10.1 Recommended Calibration Intervals:10.1.1 Stroke lengthevery three months.10.1.2 Temperature probesevery twelve months.10.2 Test A

46、pparatusVerify test apparatus performance andaccuracy at least every 20 tests by testing each reference fluidin accordance with this section. Perform one test with eachreference fluid. If the WSD for either fluid is outside thespecified limits provided with each fluid by the ASTM TestMonitoring Cent

47、er, verify that the test is performed correctly,and repeat both reference tests. If necessary, calibrate theHFRR by following the steps in the instrument manual, andthen test each of the high and low reference fluids.11. Procedure11.1 Table 1 summarizes the test conditions.8Reference Fluids A and B

48、are available from ASTM Test Monitoring Center,6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 150264489.9Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1890. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 Test ConditionsFluid volume

49、 2 mL 0.20 mLStroke length 1 mm 0.02 mmFrequency 50 Hz1HzFluid temperature 60 C 2 CRelative humidity between 30 % and 85 %Appliedload 200g1gTest duration 75 min 0.1 minBath surface area 6 cm21cm2D6079 18311.2 Strict adherence to cleanliness requirements and to thespecified cleaning procedures is required. During handling andinstallation procedures, protect cleaned test parts (disks, balls,reservoir, screws, heater block, and push rod) from contami-nation by using clean forceps and wearing appropriate gloves.11.3 Using forceps, place