ASTM D5865-2011 7964 Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke《煤和焦炭总热值的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D5865 11Standard Test Method forGross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of thegross calorific value of coal and coke by either an isoperibol oradiabatic bomb calorimeter.
3、1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appr
4、o-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D121 Terminology of Coal and CokeD346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for L
5、aboratory AnalysisD388 Classification of Coals by RankD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and CokeD3177 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the AnalysisSample of Coal and CokeD3180 Practi
6、ce for Calculating Coal and Coke Analysesfrom As-Determined to Different BasesD4239 Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube FurnaceCombustionD5142 Test Methods for ProximateAnalysis of theAnalysisSample of Coal and Coke by Instrumental Procedures3E14
7、4 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion BombsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in theChemical Analysis LaboratoryE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids3. Terminology3.1 Defi
8、nitions:3.1.1 adiabatic calorimetera calorimeter that operates inthe adiabatic mode and may or may not use a microprocessor.The initial temperature before initiating the combustion and thefinal temperatures are recorded by the operator or the micro-processor.3.1.2 automated calorimetera calorimeter
9、which has amicroprocessor that takes the thermometric readings and cal-culates the Calibration Value and the Heat of CombustionValues.3.1.3 British thermal unit Btuis the amount of heatrequired to raise the temperature of one pound - mass lbm ofliquid water at one atmosphere pressure one degree Fahr
10、enheitat a stated temperature. The results of combustion calorimetrictests of fuels for steam power plants may be expressed in termsof the 1956 International Steam Table calorie (I.T. cal) whichis defined by the relation, 1 I.T. cal = 4.1868 J. The Btu usedin modern steam tables is defined by the me
11、ans of the relation,1I.T.cal/g=1.8I.T.Btu/lb.Thus, 1 I.T. Btu / lb = 2.326 J/g.3.1.4 calorific valuethe heat produced by combustion of aunit quantity of a substance under specified conditions.3.1.5 calorimetera device for measuring calorific valueconsisting of a bomb, its contents, a vessel for hold
12、ing thebomb, temperature measuring devices, ignition leads, water,stirrer, and a jacket maintained at specified temperature con-ditions.3.1.6 gross calorific value (gross heat of combustion atconstant volume), Qv(gross)the heat produced by complete1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
13、Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods ofAnalysis.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5865 10a1. DOI:10.1520/D5865-11.2For referenced ASTM stan
14、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.
15、astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sbustion of a substance at constant volume with all waterformed condensed to a liquid.3.1.7 heat of formationthe chan
16、ge in heat content result-ing from the formation of 1 mole of a substance from itselements at constant pressure.3.1.8 isoperibol calorimetera calorimeter that operates inthe isoperibol mode and uses a microprocssor to record theinitial and final temperatures and make the appropiate heat leakcorrecti
17、ons during the temperature rise. It determines when thecalorimeter is in equilibrium and ignites the sample anddetermines when the calorimeter has reached equilibrium afterignition.3.1.9 net calorific value (net heat of combustion at constantpressure), Qp(net)the heat produced by combustion of asubs
18、tance at a constant pressure of 0.1 MPa (1 atm), with anywater formed remaining as vapor.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 corrected temperature risethe calorimeter tempera-ture change caused by the process that occurs inside the bombcorrected for various effects.3.2.2 heat ca
19、pacitythe energy required to raise the tem-perature of the calorimeter one arbitrary unit.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe heat capacity can also be referredto as the energy equivalent or water equivalent of the calorim-eter.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The heat capacity of the calorimeter is determined byburn
20、ing a specified mass of benzoic acid in oxygen. Acomparable amount of the analysis sample is burned under thesame conditions in the calorimeter. The calorific value of theanalysis sample is computed by multiplying the correctedtemperature rise, adjusted for extraneous heat effects, by theheat capaci
21、ty and dividing by the mass of the sample.4.2 Oxidation of coal after sampling can result in a reduc-tion of calorific value. In particular, lignite and sub-bituminousrank coal samples may experience greater oxidation effectsthan samples of higher rank coals. Unnecessary exposure of thesamples to th
22、e air for the time of sampling or delay in analysisshall be avoided. (See X2.1.)5. Significance and Use5.1 The gross calorific value can be used to compute thetotal calorific content of the quantity of coal or coke repre-sented by the sample for payment purposes.5.2 The gross calorific value can be
23、used for computing thecalorific value versus sulfur content to determine whether thecoal meets regulatory requirements for industrial fuels.5.3 The gross calorific value can be used to evaluate theeffectiveness of beneficiation processes.5.4 The gross calorific value can be required to classifycoals
24、 according to Classification D388.6. Apparatus and Facilities6.1 Test AreaAn area free from drafts, shielded fromdirect sunlight and other radiation sources. Thermostatic con-trol of room temperature and controlled relative humidity aredesirable.6.2 Combustion BombConstructed of materials that areno
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