ASTM D5537-2014 Standard Test Method for Heat Release Flame Spread Smoke Obscuration and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables W.pdf

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1、Designation: D5537 14Standard Test Method forHeat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and MassLoss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electricalor Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical CableTray Configuration1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5537; the nu

2、mber immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scop

3、e*1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the heatreleased and smoke obscuration by burning the electricalinsulating materials contained in electrical or optical fibercables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, aresubjected to a specifie

4、d flaming ignition source and burn freelyunder well ventilated conditions. Flame propagation cabledamage, by char length, and mass loss are also measured.1.3 This test method provides two different protocols forexposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to anignition source (approximate

5、ly 20 kW), for a 20 min testduration. Use it to determine the heat release, smoke release,flame propagation and mass loss characteristics of the materialscontained in single and multiconductor electrical or opticalfiber cables.1.4 This test method does not provide information on thefire performance

6、of materials insulating electrical or opticalfiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specificallyused in this test method nor does it measure the contribution ofthe materials in those cables to a developing fire condition.1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition tothe end o

7、f the test are obtained.1.6 This test equipment is suitable for measuring the con-centrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases(see Appendix X4).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10). The values given in paren-theses are mathematical

8、 conversions to inch-pound units thatare provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.1.8 This standard measures and describes the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fi

9、re hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety c

10、oncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1711 Terminology Relating to Electr

11、ical InsulationD5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE603 Guide for Roo

12、m Fire ExperimentsE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or GeneratedDuring FiresE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE2067 Practice for Full-Scale

13、 Oxygen Consumption Calo-rimetry Fire TestsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI), The1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.21 on Fire Performance Standards.Cu

14、rrent edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5537 10. DOI:10.1520/D5537-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo

15、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Modernized Metric

16、System2.2 NFPA Standards:3NFPA 70 National Electrical CodeNFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution ofTextileWall CoveringsNFPA 286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingContribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to RoomFire GrowthNFPA 289 Stand

17、ard Method of Fire Test for Individual FuelPackages2.3 Underwriters Laboratories Standards:4UL 1581 Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables,and Flexible Cords, ANSI/UL 1581UL1685 StandardVerticalTray Fire Propagation and SmokeRelease Test for Electrical and Optical Fiber Cables2.4 Canadian S

18、tandards Association Standard:5CSA FT4, Vertical Flame Tests: Cables in Cable Trays,Section 4.11.4 in Standard C 22.2 No. 0.3, Test Methodsfor Electrical Wires and Cables2.5 IEEE Standard:6IEEE 1202 Standard for Flame Testing of Cables for Use inCable Tray in Industrial and Commercial Occupancies2.6

19、 ISO Standard:7ISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Test for SurfaceProductsISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with fire issues refer to Terminology E176 and ISO13943. In case of conflict, the terminology in TerminologyE176

20、shall prevail. For definitions of terms used in this testmethod and associated with electrical insulation refer toTerminology D1711.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat release rate, nthe heat evolved from thespecimen, per unit of time.3.2.2 sample, nan amount of the cable t

21、ype and construc-tion to be tested, which is representative of the product for test.3.2.3 smoke obscuration, nreduction of light transmissionby smoke, as measured by light attenuation.3.2.4 specimen, nthe individual length of cable, or cablebundle, to be placed in the cable tray, which is representa

22、tiveof the product to be tested.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This fire-test-response standard determines a number offire-test-response characteristics associated with burning thematerials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, made intocable specimens, and located in a vertical cable tray an

23、d ignitedwith a propane gas burner. The main fire properties measuredare the rate of heat release and its amount. Associated withthese measurements, the test procedure also determines flamepropagation cable damage (by char length), smoke obscuration,and mass loss of specimen. The apparatus described

24、 in this testmethod is also suitable for measuring rates and concentrationsof gaseous combustion products released.4.2 The vertical cable tray that holds the specimen is locatedin an enclosure of specified dimensions.4.3 A hood, connected to a duct is located above the fireenclosure. Heat and gas re

25、lease analysis instrumentation isplaced in the duct. Smoke release instrumentation (optional) isalso placed in the duct.4.4 Two different test procedures are specified, which differin the burner used and in the electrical or optical fiber cableloading. These reflect details of four existing test met

26、hods: UL1581 (vertical tray flammability test, protocol A) and CSAStandard C 22.2 No. 0.3 (FT4 vertical tray flammability test) orIEEE 1202 (protocol B) and UL 1685 and Test Method D5424(both protocols, for smoke obscuration only).4.5 Information specific to the individual protocols is foundin 7.7,

27、7.9, and 11.1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a varietyof fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat andsmoke release and resulting from burning the materials insu-lating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cablesand installed on a

28、vertical cable tray. The specimens areallowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions afterignition by means of a propane gas burner.5.2 The rate of heat release often serves as an indication ofthe intensity of the fire generated. General considerations of theimportance of heat release rate

29、are discussed in Appendix X1and considerations for heat release calculations are in Appen-dix X2.5.3 Other fire-test-response characteristics that are measur-able by this test method are useful to make decisions on firesafety. The test method is also used for measuring smokeobscuration. The apparatu

30、s described here is also useful tomeasure gaseous components of smoke; the most importantgaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present inall fires. The carbon oxides are major indicators of thecompleteness of combustion and are often used as part of firehazard assessment calculations an

31、d to improve the accuracy ofheat release measurements.5.4 Test Limitations:5.4.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in thistest are a representation of the manner in which the specimenstested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assumethey are representative of a generic fir

32、e performance of thematerials tested when made into cables of the constructionunder consideration.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,Northbrook, I

33、L 60062-2096, http:/5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.6Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.7Ava

34、ilable from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.D5537 1425.4.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test is an adequaterepresentation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces,wit

35、hout abundant circulation of air.5.4.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictabil-ity of its results to large scale fires has not been determined.Some information exists to suggest validation with regard tosome large-scale scenarios.6. Test Specimens6.1 Use multiple lengths of electrica

36、l or optical fiber cableas test specimens.6.2 The mounting of the specimen on the cable tray isspecified in 7.9.7. Apparatus7.1 Enclosure:7.1.1 The enclosure in which the specimen is tested isshown in Fig. 1.7.1.2 The enclosure has floor dimensions of 2.44 m 625 mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm, with a height o

37、f 3.35 m 6 25 mm(8 ft 6 1 in. by 8 ft 6 1 in. by 11 ft 6 1 in. high). On top of thewalls there is a pyramidal collection hood with a collectionbox.7.1.2.1 Other enclosure sizes, such as 2.4 by 2.4 by 2.4 m (8by 8 by 8 ft) or the 3-m cube are permitted, provided that theinternal volume of the enclosu

38、re, exclusive of the pyramidalhood, ranges between 14.5 m3(512 ft3) and 36 m3(1272 ft3),the floor area ranges between 6 m2(64 ft2)and9m2(97 ft2),and the maximum air movement within the enclosure complieswith 7.1.12 (Note 1).NOTE 1There is, as yet, not enough information as to the equivalenceon smoke

39、 release between the various facilities. Further work needs to bedone to confirm this.7.1.2.2 In case of disputes, the referee method is the testsconducted using the enclosure in 7.1.2.7.1.3 WallsThe maximum conductive heat flux loss of thewalls of the structure is 6.8 W/(m2K) (30 Btu/h-ft2), basedu

40、pon an inside wall temperature of 38C (100F) and anoutside air temperature of 24C (75F). Paint the interiorsurface of the walls flat black. Any materials of constructionthat meet the preceding requirements are acceptable. Twoexamples of acceptable construction materials are nominally152 mm (6 in.) t

41、hick concrete masonry blocks (density:1700 kg m3(106 lb ft3) and thermal conductivity nominallyk = 1.75 W/(mK), at 21C; 12.13 Btu in./ft2hF, at 70F) ornominally 13 mm (0.5 in.) gypsum board, with 89 6 6 mm (3.56 0.25 in.) of standard fiberglass insulation, with an R value of1.94 m2K/W (which corresp

42、onds in practical units to an Rvalue of 11 hft2F/Btu). Windows for observation of the firetest are allowed in the walls; ensure that the total area of thewindows does not exceed 1.86 m2(20 ft2).7.1.3.1 Select materials of construction which can withstandthe high temperatures and presence of open fla

43、me within thetest enclosure and duct.1. Enclosure: an acceptable construction consists of concrete masonry blocks, laid up with mortar, nominally 203 mm high by 406 mm wide by 152 mm thick (8by16by6in.).2. Wired-glass door, for access and observation. The overall size of the door is 2.1 m high and 0

44、.9 m wide (84 by 36 in.).3. Steel-framed wired-glass observation windows, 457 mm (18 in.) per side (optional).4. Truncated-pyramid stainless steel hood, with each side sloped 40.5. Cubical collection box, 914 mm (36 in.) per side, with exhaust duct centered on one side.6. Cable tray, mounted vertica

45、lly in the center of the enclosure. Tray base (stand) is optional.7. Air intake openings.FIG. 1 Cable Test EnclosureD5537 1437.1.4 Provide air intakes at the base of two opposite walls,one of which contains the access door. Ensure that the totalcross sectional area of the air intakes is 1.45 6 0.03

46、m2(2250650 in.2), and that the intake areas are divided approximatelyequally. Fig. 1 shows dimensions for the air intakes installed inthe walls. Air intakes are not permitted in either of the othertwo walls.7.1.5 Construct a door with wired glass and locate it asshown in Fig. 1. The door is 900 6 25

47、 mm wide and 2100625 mm high (35 6 1 in. by 83 6 1 in.), with an overallconductive heat flux loss no greater than that of the walls, thatis, 6.8 W(m2K) (30 Btu/h-ft2). A steel framed wired glassdoor will meet these requirements. Adequately seal the sidesand top of the door to prevent drafts.7.1.6 Co

48、nstruct a truncated pyramid stainless steel hood,formed as shown in Fig. 1, and locate it on top of the enclosurewalls. Make the slope on each side of the hood 40. Form a sealbetween the hood and the walls; a compressible inorganicbatting as gasket is suitable.7.1.7 Insulate the exterior of the hood

49、 to make an overallconductive heat loss no greater than that of the walls.7.1.8 Locate a cubical stainless steel collection box, 910 625 mm (36 6 1 in.), on a side on top of the exhaust hood, witha nominal 410 6 25 mm (16 6 1 in.) diameter stainless steelpipe exhaust duct centered in one side.7.1.9 Install the exhaust duct horizontally and connect it tothe plenum of the hood.7.1.10 Construct a square 610 mm 6 25 mm (24 6 1 in.)baffle, centered over the cable tray.An acceptable height is 300to 400 mm (12 to 15 in.) above the tray.7.1.11 Construct