ASTM D5103-2007(2018) Standard Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of Manufactured Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test).pdf

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1、Designation: D5103 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forLength and Length Distribution of Manufactured StapleFibers (Single-Fiber Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the

2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of averagestaple length and staple length dis

3、tribution of both manufac-tured and natural fibers by manually measuring single fiberlengths. This test method is also used to measure the length offibers removed from a staple yarn, but such a measurementmay not represent the fibers staple length, as manufactured.1.2 Because this test method requir

4、es measuring the lengthof only 50 fibers, it is not suitable for use in determining thenumber of long fibers that occur infrequently in a sample.NOTE 1For determination for overlength fibers, refer to Test MethodD3513.NOTE 2For methods covering the determination of the average lengthand length distr

5、ibution of natural fibers, refer to the following methods:for cotton, Test Method D1440, and Test Method D1447, for wool, TestMethod D519, Test Method D1234, and Test Method D1575.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespo

6、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-iza

7、tion established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD519 Test Method

8、 for Length of Fiber in Wool TopD1234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Lengthof Grease WoolD1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution ofCotton Fibers (Array Method)D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity ofCotton Fibers by Photoelectric MeasurementD1575 Test Method for

9、 Fiber Length of Wool in ScouredWool and in Card SliverD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,Sliver, or Tow for TestingD3513 Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content of Manu-factured Stap

10、le FiberD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:length distribution, velveteen.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Ter

11、mi-nology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Each fiber to be tested is gripped at the tips with forceps,fully extended without stretching, and measured. The averagefiber length of the measured fibers is calculated and the lengthdistribution curve is plotted.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test metho

12、d is used for research, development,quality control, product specifications, and may be used foracceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fibers.However, caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests as directed in5.1.1 may be advisabl

13、e.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance.As a minimum, test samples that are as homogen

14、ousas possible, drawn from the material from which the disparatetest results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and FibersCurrent edition approved Ju

15、ly 1, 2018. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5103 07(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D5103-07R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards

16、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on s

17、tandardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from thetwo laboratories sho

18、uld be compared using a statistical test forupaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 This test method provid

19、es objective measurements fordetermining the average fiber length and length distribution ina sample of fiber.5.3 The staple length diagram of a fiber sample can be usedto determine the relative number of fibers above and below aspecified length. If a fiber is too long, it will not process wellin sp

20、inning, and if there is a preponderance of short fibers, theyarn might have lower than normal breaking strength.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Board, covered with suitable material, for example,velveteen, of contrasting color to that of the fiber and at least10 mm (12 in.) longer than the longest fiber to be

21、measured.6.2 Precision Scale, graduated with 1.0-mm (0.02-in.) divi-sions.6.3 Illuminated Magnifier,3with a 310 lens equippedwith illumination, optional (see 9.7).6.4 Forceps,4two pairs, fine-pointed forceps, curved orstraight tips.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SamplingAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,ta

22、ke at random the number of shipping containers directed inthe applicable material specification or other agreement be-tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to usePractice D3333 or Practice D2258. Consider shipping contain-ers to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 3An adequate specif

23、ication or other agreement between thepurchaser or supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenshipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unitswithin a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from singlepackage, end or other laboratory sampling uni

24、ts to provide a samplingplan with a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptablequality level, and limiting quantity level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take at random from each shipping container inthe lot sample the number of laboratory sampling unit

25、s asdirected in an applicable material specification or other agree-ment between the purchaser and supplier such as an agreementto use Practice D3333 or Practice D2258. Preferably, the samenumber of laboratory sampling units are taken from eachshipping container in the lot sample. If differing numbe

26、rs oflaboratory sampling units are to be taken from shippingcontainers in the lot sample, determine at random whichshipping containers are to have each number of laboratory unitsdrawn.7.2.1 For Staple FiberTake 50-g samples from laboratoryunits.7.2.2 For Sliver (or Top) or TowTake 1 m from theleadin

27、g end which has a clean, uniform appearance.7.2.3 For YarnsPrepare at least a 50-m skein from eachpackage.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,take ten specimens at random. If the standard deviationdetermined for the ten specimens is more than a value agreedupon between the purchaser

28、 and supplier, continue testing ingroups of ten specimens from the same laboratory samplingunit until the standard deviation for all specimens tested is notmore than the agreed to value or, by agreement, stop testingafter a specified number.7.3.1 Carefully remove twist before taking specimens fromya

29、rn. Using tweezers and grasping the specimens at the ends,gently remove the required number of specimens from thelaboratory sampling units for testing. In some cases, if speci-mens are not to be tested immediately, place them on anidentified short-pile of plush surface for storage until ready totest

30、.8. Conditioning8.1 Conditioning is not necessary unless the material isreceived in an unusual state, for example, water soaked. If asample is received in an unusual state, precondition andcondition as directed in Practice D1776.9. Procedure9.1 Test the specimens in the standard atmosphere fortestin

31、g textiles, which is 70 6 2F (21 6 1C) and 65 6 2%relative humidity.9.2 Clean the test board by using the sticky side of pressure-sensitive cellophane tape, vacuuming, or other suitable methodto remove debris.9.3 Switch on the illuminated magnifier.9.4 Place the measuring scale on the test board.9.5

32、 Pull an individual fiber gently from the laboratorysample.9.6 Grip both ends of the fiber with forceps perpendicular tothe axis of the fiber. The ends of the fiber should be in line withthe tips of the forceps.9.7 Place the tip of the forceps that is gripping one end ofthe fiber at a reference poin

33、t on the measuring scale. Anilluminated magnifier may be useful for more precise align-ment of the end of the fiber and the references point.9.8 Without stretching the fiber, extend it to full extension toremove the crimp by moving the forceps gripping the other endof the fiber along the measuring s

34、cale. Read the length of thefiber to the nearest 1.0 mm (0.02 in.).3A lamp satisfying this requirement is obtainable from Jenson Tools, Inc.Temple, AZ. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful cons

35、ideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.4A pair of forceps satisfying the requirements is obtainable from FisherScientific, 711 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15219. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International

36、 Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.D5103 07 (2018)29.9 Repeat operations as directed in 9.5 9.9 to measure theremaining fibers.10. Calculation10.1 Tally the fiber measurements and arrange them indesc

37、ending order as shown in Table 1 or Table 2.10.2 Calculate the average fiber length for each laboratorysampling unit and for the lot.10.3 Calculate the cumulative percentage of fibers for eachgroup. Starting with the longest length group, add each numberof fibers in the length group to the sum of th

38、e fibers in theproceeding length group to obtain the cumulative number offibers. Convert these cumulative numbers of fibers to percentas shown in column 3 of Table 1 or Table 2.10.4 Draw a staple length distribution curve by plotting thecumulative percent values shown in Table 1 or Table 2 asabsciss

39、a against the respective fiber length group as ordinate,as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.10.5 Calculate the standard deviation and coefficient ofvariation.511. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested in accordance withTest Method D5103. Describe the materials or product sampledand the method of

40、sampling used.11.2 Report the following information for each specimen:11.2.1 Tally of measured fibers as shown in Table 1 or Table2,11.2.2 Staple length distribution curve of the fibers asillustrated in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2,11.2.3 Average fiber length for each laboratory samplingunit and for the lot, an

41、d11.2.4 Standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, ifrequested.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this method is to beestablished.5ASTM Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, STP 15D,p. 21.TABLE 1 Example Tally of Measured Fibers (SI)Length Group,mmNumber

42、 of FibersCumulative Numberof Fibers, %42.0 1 241.5 1 441.0 1 640.5 1 840.0 2 1239.5 1 1439.0 2 1838.5 6 3038.0 12 5437.5 7 6837.0 3 7436.5 2 7836.0 4 8635.5 2 9035.0 1 9234.5 1 9434.0 1 9633.5 1 9833.0 1 100Total 50TABLE 2 Example Tally of Measured Fibers (Inch-Pound)Length Group,in.Number of Fiber

43、sCumulative Numberof Fibers,%1.66 1 21.63 1 41.61 1 61.59 1 81.57 1 101.55 1 121.53 2 161.51 3 221.49 5 321.47 10 521.45 7 661.43 4 741.41 3 801.39 4 881.37 3 941.35 1 961.33 1 981.31 1 100Total 50FIG. 1 Example Tally of Measured Fibers, mmFIG. 2 Example Tally of Measured Fibers, in.D5103 07 (2018)3

44、12.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of these properties can be defined only interms of a test method.13. Keywords13.1 length; textile fibersASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item menti

45、onedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee a

46、nd must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting

47、of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo

48、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 07 (2018)4