ASTM D4806-2016 Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel.pdf

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1、Designation: D4806 15D4806 16Standard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption

2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel ethanol intend

3、ed to be blended with unleaded or leadedgasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814. The significanceof this specification is shown in Appendix X1.1.2 The user is advised to check with the national regulatory agencies where the ethano

4、l is denatured and used. The sulfur limitand denaturing formulas in this specification are acceptable for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions may allow orrequire other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units

5、 of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the method modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of t

6、his standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum C

7、ontent in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD168

8、8 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Den

9、sity, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Avi

10、ation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501

11、 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by GasChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics,and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chroma

12、tographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels an

13、d Components.Current edition approved April 1, 2015Jan. 1, 2016. Published April 2015February 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asD4806 14.D4806 15. DOI: 10.1520/D4806-15.10.1520/D4806-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org,

14、 or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes

15、have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official

16、document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel BlendsD6550 Test Method fo

17、r Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7318 Test Meth

18、od for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potenti

19、al Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample InjectionD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by MonochromaticWavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and Ethanol

20、 Blends by TitrationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl F

21、ischer Titration2.2 Other Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 213. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by various industries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ f

22、rom those specific to thisspecification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the terms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory age

23、ncy to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materials added by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula; any materials absorbed laterare not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addi

24、tion of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethanol with other components common to its production (including

25、 water) thatdo not affect the use of the product as a component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for useas a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D48143.2.6

26、 gasoline blendstock, na liquid hydrocarbon component suitable for use in spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.6.1 DiscussionExamples of gasoline blendstock include natural gasoline, raffinate, reformate, conventional gasoline blendstock for oxygenateblending (CBOB), and reformulated gasoline blendstock

27、for oxygenate blending (RBOB).3.2.7 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 mass% oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.8 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used

28、as a fuelor fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denatured fuel ethanol.3 A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N.

29、Capitol St., NW,Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online at http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.D4806 1624. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is denature

30、d as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of blending with gasoline. (See Note 2.)NOTE 2For purposes of determining conformance with these specification limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to thenearest unit” in the right-mos

31、t significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. Fora specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer,and the right

32、-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This convention applies to specified limitsin Table 1 and will not be observed in the remainder of this specification.NOTE 3Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such as corrosion inhibitors

33、 and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity (acidity as aceticacid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol. Although the base fuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of these additives can producean apparent high titratable acidity of the finished product. Contact the

34、 ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding the titratable acidity of the denaturedfuel ethanol to verify that the base fuel ethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than those specified above, or the specification of additional properties

35、such ascolor, may be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.5. Denaturants5.1 General Requirements:5.1.1 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants allowed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specification arenatural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks, or unleaded gasoline. Small a

36、mounts of the same or similar hydrocarbons absorbed by thedenatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the distribution system is not denaturant.Ajurisdiction can maintain approved formulasto denature alcohol for fuel use. This specification is specific to spark-ignition engine fuel. Denaturants that

37、could providesatisfactory performance for other uses could cause damage to spark-ignition engines. The fuel ethanol formulas approved by thealcohol regulatory agency for fuel use could include denaturing materials which are not allowed by this ASTM specification. Itis the denaturers responsibility t

38、o consult the regulations to ensure legal denaturing of the fuel ethanol and to ensure compliancewith this specification with regard to allowed denaturants.5.1.2 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibits the use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than225C225 C as determined by

39、 Test Method D86, although they may be permitted by TTB regulations. Some kerosines, forinstance, promote piston scuff in automotive engines. Specific mention must be made of some materials that have extremelyadverse effects on fuel stability, automotive engines, and fuel systems. These materials sh

40、all not be used as denaturants for fuelethanol under any circumstances. They are as follows: methanol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weightpyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossil vegetable matter). Ketone denaturants tend to degrade fuel stability or increase thetendency

41、of a gasoline-ethanol blend to corrode metals and attack elastomers. These effects become more serious if theconcentration of a ketone such as 4-methyl pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part by volume per 100 parts byvolume of fuel ethanol. There is no information available on the effec

42、ts of denaturants other than those mentioned above.Therefore, the only denaturants that shall be used are those listed in 5.1.1.5.1.3 Denaturant LevelA buyer may ask the denaturer to denature within a specific range (for example, 1.96 to 2.5 volume%).Abuyer may also ask the denaturer to certify the

43、range used for the denaturant addition.Abuyer or distributor may comminglereceipts certified within the same range and provide a certification of conformance with the product from that commingling. Theblender may use this certification of conformance for the product to demonstrate compliance with th

44、e denaturant limits. If theproduct is shipped directly from a denaturer to a blender, the initial certification from the denaturer may be used to demonstratecompliance. Compliance with the denaturant limit cannot be determined analytically. Compliance must be based on theinformation from the origina

45、l denaturer. The limits for the denaturant addition are shown in Table 2.5.2 United States Denaturant Regulations:5.2.1 Denaturing FormulasIn the United States, ethanol is rendered unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturantsunder formulas approved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade B

46、ureau (TTB) of the U. S. Treasury Department that allowthe denatured alcohol to ship from the denaturer free of beverage excise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuel componentwithout TTB permits. TTB regulations concerning the preparation, handling, distribution and use of denatured ethanol f

47、ormulasTABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, volume % (mass %), max 1.0 (1.26) E203 or E1064Inorganic Chloride, mass ppm (mg/L), max 10. (8) D7319 or D7328Copper

48、, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mass % (mg/L) mg/kg, max 0.007 (56) 70 (Note 3) D1613 or D7795pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mass ppm, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453, or D7039Existent sulfate, mass ppm, max 4 D7318, D7319, or D7328D4806 163are published in the United States Code of

49、Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 21. The denatured fuel ethanol allowedby this specification shall contain a minimum of 1.96 volume % denaturant. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agencyregulations stipulate that denaturant added in excess of 2 volume % shall not be considered when determining volumes for thepurposes of compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard. This absolute limitation includes volumes for Renewable IdentificationNumber (RIN) generation and volumes for retiring RINs. The limits for the denaturant addition are s