ASTM D4535-2013e1 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Thermal Expansion of Rock Using Dilatometer《用膨胀计测量岩石的热膨胀的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D4535-2013e1 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Thermal Expansion of Rock Using Dilatometer《用膨胀计测量岩石的热膨胀的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4535-2013e1 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Thermal Expansion of Rock Using Dilatometer《用膨胀计测量岩石的热膨胀的标准试验方法》.pdf(7页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D4535 131Standard Test Methods forMeasurement of Thermal Expansion of Rock UsingDilatometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4535; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in February 2014.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the laboratory measurement ofthe on
3、e-dimensional linear thermal expansion of rocks using adilatometer.1.2 The methods are applicable between temperatures of25C to 300C. Both bench top and confined measurementtechniques are presented. Method A is used for unconfined orbench top measurements and Method B is used for confinedconditions.
4、 Rocks of varying moisture content can be tested.1.3 For satisfactory results in conformance with these testmethods, the principles governing the size, construction, anduse of the apparatus described in these test methods should befollowed. If the results are to be reported as having beenobtained by
5、 either test method, then the pertinent requirementsprescribed by that test method shall be met.1.4 These test methods do not establish details of construc-tion and procedures to cover all test situations that might offerdifficulties to a person without technical knowledge concerningthe theory of he
6、at flow, temperature measurement, and generaltesting practices. Standardization of these test methods doesnot reduce the need for such technical knowledge.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to inch-po
7、und units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard. Reporting oftest results in units other than SI shall not be regarded asnonconformance with this test method.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding esta
8、blished inPractice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider ma
9、terial variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to conside
10、r significant digits used in analyticalmethods for engineering design.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
11、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for
12、 AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Proce
13、ssE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and are the direct r
14、esponsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on RockMechanics.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4535 08. DOI:10.1520/D4535-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac
15、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 For definitions of c
16、ommon technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 specimen thermal strain, tD, nchange in length,(L2 L1), divided by the original length, L0, of the specimenwhen the specimen is subjected to heat.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSpecimen therm
17、al strain is also equalto the corrected thermal expansion, t, divided by the originalspecimen length.3.2.2 mean coeffcient of linear expansion, m,na value,often expressed in parts per million per degree; obtained bydividing the linear thermal strain, (L2 L1)/L0), by the changein temperature (T2 T1).
18、3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe sign convention used for mis asfollows: mwill be a positive value indicating an increase inthe length of the rock specimen upon heating (T2 T1) and mwill be a negative value indicating a decrease or contraction ofthe rock specimen.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 The application o
19、f heat to a rock causes it to expand.This expansion divided by the original length of the rockspecimen is the thermal strain from which coefficients ofexpansion can be calculated. This standard covers two methodsfor measuring rock expansion. The primary difference betweenthe two methods is in the ty
20、pe of dilatometer used.4.1.1 Test Method A is used when making unconfined orbench top measurements. The method and apparatus aresimilar to that described in Test Method E228. The rockspecimens thermal displacement is measured using a dilatom-eter as shown in Fig. 1. The specimen displacement ismeasu
21、red by a transducer located outside the heated area of thespecimen; therefore, apparent strain due to apparatus expan-sion and contraction is minimized.4.1.2 Test Method B is most suited for the measurement ofrock thermal strain under confined conditions and employs adilatometric device which is loc
22、ated inside the heated zone, asshown in Fig. 2. Test Method B is amenable to confinedthermal strain determinations; however, confined tests may bemost appropriate when:4.1.2.1 Pore pressure must be imposed in the pore space tomaintain the liquid phase of water through the desired tem-perature range.
23、4.1.2.2 The thermal strain of the rock is sensitive to confin-ing stress.4.1.2.3 The specimen is fragile or friable, or both, andcannot be machined into the shapes required for Test MethodA.4.2 In both test methods, specimen expansion is measuredcontinuously as temperature is gradually increased or
24、allowedto stabilize at discrete temperature points.5. Significance and Use5.1 Information concerning the thermal expansion charac-teristics of rocks is important in the design of any undergroundexcavation where the surrounding rock may be heated. Ther-mal strain causes thermal stresses which ultimat
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
10000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ASTMD45352013E1STANDARDTESTMETHODSFORMEASUREMENTOFTHERMALEXPANSIONOFROCKUSINGDILATOMETER 膨胀 测量 岩石 热膨胀

链接地址:http://www.mydoc123.com/p-517315.html