ASTM D4436-2013e1 Standard Test Method for Rock Bolt Long-Term Load Retention Test《石栓长期负载保持力的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: D4436 131Standard Test Method forRock Bolt Long-Term Load Retention Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in February 2014.1. Scope*1.1 The objective of this test method is to determine thetime over which rock bolt
3、 tension decreases from the installedvalue to a designated minimum value.1.2 This test method is applicable to any anchor systemwhich is not fully encapsulated immediately upon installation,including mechanical, cement grout, resin (epoxy, polyester,and the like) or other similar systems.1.3 UnitsTh
4、e values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard. Reporting oftest results in units other than inch-pounds shall not beregarded as nonconfor
5、mance with this test method.1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for massis slugs.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for sign
6、ificant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The pro
7、ce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the
8、scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analyticalmethods for engineering design.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and he
9、alth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUs
10、ed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4435 Test Method for Rock Bolt Anchor Pull TestD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalData3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of common technical termsin this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
11、to This Standard:3.2.1 loadthe total axial force on the rock bolt.3.2.2 design loadthe load specified for the rock boltduring the life of the project.3.2.3 installation loadthe load on the bolt immediatelyafter installation.3.2.4 stand timethe time required for the bolt load todecrease from the inst
12、allation load to the design load.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A rock bolt is installed in the same manner and in thesame material as its intended support use. The load on the boltis monitored over a period of time, usually several weeks.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D
13、19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituentsin Water.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4436 08. DOI:10.1520/D4436-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,
14、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internationa
15、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 Rock bolts are used for support in a variety of miningand civil engineering situations.3After a bolt is installed, theload generally decreases over time due to deterioration of theboreho
16、le wall, creep, and other factors. This process may bearrested by fully encapsulating the bolt shortly after installa-tion. This encapsulation is generally done by pumping the bolthole full of cement grout, though synthetic resins may also beused. The rate of load loss determines the interval during
17、 whichthe bolt must be encapsulated during construction.5.2 The local characteristics of the rock, such as roughnessof the borehole and induced fractures, are significant factors inthe load loss characteristics of the bolt. To obtain realisticvalues, the test holes should be drilled using the same m
18、ethodsas those used for the construction boreholes.5.3 In establishing a testing program, the following factorsshould be considered:5.3.1 Load retention tests should be conducted in all rocktypes where construction bolts will be installed. If the rock isanisotropic, for example, bedded or schistose,
19、 the tests shouldbe conducted in the same orientations relative to the anisotropyas the construction bolts will be installed.5.3.2 In each rock type, at each orientation, and for eachanchor system, a sufficient number of tests should be con-ducted to determine the average and minimum long-termcapaci
20、ties within a fixed uncertainty band at the 95 % confi-dence level. The allowable uncertainty band depends on theproject and involves such factors as rock quality, expectedproject lifetime, and importance of the areas to be bolted. Theuncertainty band determination will require considerable engi-nee
21、ring judgment. As a rough guideline, at least six long-termtests for a single set of variables have been found necessary tosatisfy the statistical requirements.5.3.3 The design load and installation load on the rock boltsystem should be predetermined. The installation load is lessthan the anchor cap
22、acity, as determined by Test MethodD4435. The design load is less than the installation load; theamount depends on rock properties and the minimum timerequired to encapsulate the bolts.Alternatively, this method canbe run for a predetermined time interval based on constructionrequirements, and a rea
23、listic design load can be determinedfrom the data.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered cap
24、able of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6
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