ASTM D632-2012 Standard Specification for Sodium Chloride《氯化钠标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: D632 12Standard Specification forSodium Chloride1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D632; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates th

2、e year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers sodium chloride intended foruse as a deicer and for road construction or maintenancepurposes.1.2 The values stated as SI units are to be regard

3、ed as thestandard.1.3 For purposes of determining conformance to this speci-fication, values for chemical analysis shall be rounded to thenearest 0.1 %, and values for grading shall be rounded to thenearest 1 %, in accordance with the rounding method inPractice E 29E29.1.4 The text of this specifica

4、tion references notes andfootnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes shall not be considered as requirements of thespecification.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method in Annex A1, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to addre

5、ss all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 136 Test Method fo

6、r Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregates2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3E 287 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Bu

7、rets3E 288 Specification for Lavoratory Glass VolumetricFlasks3E 534 Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Sodium Chlo-ride43. Classification3.1 This specification covers sodium chloride obtained fromnatural deposits (rock salt) or produced by man (evaporated,solar, other) and recognizes two types an

8、d two grades asfollows:3.1.1 Type IUsed primarily as a pavement deicer or inaggregate stabilization.3.1.1.1 Grade 1Standard grading (Note 1).3.1.1.2 Grade 2Special grading (Note 1).3.1.2 Type IIUsed in aggregate stabilization or for pur-poses other than deicing.NOTE 1Grade 1 provides a particle grad

9、ing for general application,and has been found by latest research to be most effective for ice controland skid resistance under most conditions. Grade 2 is the grading typicalof salt produced in the Western United States and is available in states ofthe Rocky Mountains Region and west, which may be

10、preferred bypurchasers in that area.4. Chemical Requirements4.1 The sodium chloride shall conform to the followingrequirement for chemical composition, except for the tolerancestated in 6.1 and 6.2:Sodium chloride (NaCl), min, % 95.05. Physical Requirements5.1 Grading:5.1.1 Type IThe grading of Type

11、 I sodium chloride, whentested by means of laboratory sieves conforming to Specifica-tion E 11, shall conform to the following requirements forparticle size distribution, except for the tolerance stated in 6.1and 6.1.1:Mass % PassingSieve Size Grade 1 Grade 219.0mm(34 in.) . 10012.5mm(12 in.) 100 .9

12、.5mm(38 in.) 95 to 100 .4.75 mm (No. 4) 20 to 90 20 to 1002.36 mm (No. 8) 10 to 60 10 to 60600 m (No. 30) 0 to 15 0 to 151This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.31 onCalcium and Sodium Chlori

13、des and Other Deicing Materials.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originallypublished as D 632 41. Last previous edition D63284 (1999). DOI: 10.1520/D0632122Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,

14、Vol 15.05.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.2 Type IIThe grading of Type II sodium chloride shallconform to the grading requirements imposed or permitted bythe purchaser under conditions of the intended use.6. Permi

15、ssible Variations6.1 In the case of sodium chloride sampled after delivery tothe purchaser, tolerances from the foregoing specified valuesshall be allowed as follows:6.1.1 Grading5 percentage points on the maximum valuefor the range for each sieve size, except the 12.5 mm (12 in.)and 9.5 mm (38 in.)

16、 for Grade 1 and 19.0 mm (34 in.) for Grade2.6.1.2 Chemical Composition0.5 percentage point.7. Condition7.1 The sodium chloride shall arrive at the purchasersdelivery point in a free-flowing and usable condition.8. Sampling8.1 Not less than three sample increments shall be selectedat random from the

17、 lot (Note 2). Each increment shall beobtained by scraping aside the top layer of material to a depthof at least 25 mm (1 in.) and taking a 500-g (approximately1-lb) quantity of sodium chloride to a depth of at least 150 mm(6 in.). Sampling shall be done by means of a sampling thief orother method t

18、hat will ensure a representative cross section ofthe material. The sample increments shall be thoroughly mixedto constitute a composite sample representative of the lot.NOTE 2A lot may be an amount agreed upon between purchaser andsupplier at the time of purchase.9. Test Methods9.1 Chemical Analysis

19、Test for compliance with the re-quirements for chemical composition in accordance with thefollowing methods:9.1.1 Routine ControlUse of the “Rapid Method” inAnnex A1 is permitted for routine control and approval.9.1.2 Referee TestingIn case of controversy, determine thechemical composition of the sa

20、mple, using the current versionof Test Method E 534E 534.9.2 Grading shall be determined by Test MethodC 136C 136.10. Inspection10.1 The purchaser or his representative shall be providedfree entry and necessary facilities at the production plant orstorage area if he elects to sample sodium chloride

21、at thesource.11. Rejection and Rehearing11.1 The sodium chloride shall be subject to rejection if itfails to conform to any of the requirements of this specification.11.2 In the case of failure to meet the requirements on thebasis of an initial sample of a lot represented, two additionalsamples shal

22、l be taken from the lot and tested. If bothadditional samples meet the requirements, the lot shall beaccepted.12. Packaging and Marking12.1 The sodium chloride shall be delivered in bags or othercontainers acceptable to the purchaser, or in bulk lots. Thename of the producer and the net weight shall

23、 be legiblymarked on each bag or container, or in the case of bulk lots, onthe shipping or delivery report.13. Keywords13.1 salt; snow and ice removal; sodium chloride; stabiliza-tion; winter maintenanceANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. RAPID METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR SODIUM CHLORIDEA1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This

24、 annex covers a rapid method for chemicalanalysis of sodium chloride.A1.2 Significance and UseA1.2.1 The procedure for chemical analysis in this annexdetermines the total amount of chlorides present in the sampleand expresses that value as sodium chloride.A1.2.2 This rapid method of analysis does no

25、t distinguishbetween sodium chloride and other evaporite chloride com-pounds with ice-melting capabilities. Typical rock salt andsolar salt sometimes contains small amounts of CaCl2, MgCl2,and KCl, depending on the source of the material. When thisrapid method is used on continuing shipments from a

26、knownsource, it will provide a fast, essentially accurate determinationof the sodium chloride content of the material furnished. Thus,the need for testing by the referee method, Test MethodE 534,E 534 is reduced.A1.3 ApparatusA1.3.1 GlasswareStandard weighing bottles, volumetricflasks (conforming to

27、 Specification E 288E 288, Class C, orbetter), and burets (conforming to Specification E 287E 287,Class B, or better).A1.3.2 Balance, having a capacity of at least 20 g, accurateand readable to 0.01 g.A1.4 ReagentsA1.4.1 Nitric Acid (HNO3), dilute (HNO3:H2O, 1:4 byvolume).D632 122A1.4.2 Calcium Carb

28、onate (CaCO3)Reagent grade-lowchloride, powder.A1.4.3 Silver Nitrate Solution0.05 N AgNO3.A1.4.4 Sodium Chloride (NaCl)Reagent grade.A1.4.5 Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4) Solution(50 gK2CrO4/L).A1.5 ProcedureA1.5.1 Thoroughly mix the composite sample obtainedunder 8.1, and reduce by quartering or by me

29、ans of a samplesplitter to approximately 500 g. Pulverize the reduced sampleto pass a 300-m (No. 50) sieve.A1.5.2 StandardizationStandardize the silver nitrate(AgNO3) solution daily, using 10 g of reagent grade sodiumchloride (NaCl) following the applicable procedure in A1.5.3.A1.5.3 From the pulver

30、ized sodium chloride, obtain a testsample with a mass of 10.00 6 0.01 g and place in a beakerwith 250-mL distilled water. Add 10 mL of the diluted nitricacid solution (HNO3,1+4byvolume) and stir for 20 min atroom temperature to put the salt in solution. Transfer thesolution, including any insoluble

31、material, to a 2-L volumetricflask, dilute to the mark with distilled water, and mix. With apipet, draw off 25 mL of the solution and place in a whiteporcelain casserole. Add 0.5 g of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)to neutralize the excess HNO3, and adjust the pH to approxi-mately 7. Add 3 mL of the potas

32、sium chromate (K2CrO4)solution as an indicator and titrate dropwise with the silvernitrate (AgNO3) solution until a faint but distinct change incolor occursa persistent yellowish brown endpoint (see NoteA1.1), comparable to standardization. Estimate the titer fromthe buret to the second decimal plac

33、e.NOTE A1.1The color of the initial solution is lemon-yellow. Withaddition of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and stirring, the initial solutionbecomes opaque, with a creamy lemon-yellow color.Addition of the silvernitrate (AgNO3) solution produces silver chloride, which begins toagglomerate as the ti

34、tration progresses, and the lemon-yellow color willbegin to have whitish, opaque swirls of silver chloride. As the titrationproceeds, the red color formed by addition of each drop begins todisappear more slowly. Continue the addition dropwise until a faint butdistinct change in color occurs and the

35、yellow-brown to faint reddish-brown color persists. The first stable presence of red silver chromate is theendpoint. If the endpoint is overstepped, a deep reddish-brown coloroccursA1.6 CalculateCalculate the total chlorides expressed aspercent NaCl as follows:P 5 A/B! 3 C/D!# 3 100 (A1.1)where:A =

36、reagent grade NaCl used, g,B = 0.05 N AgNO3solution required to titrate the reagentgrade NaCl, mL,C = 0.05 N AgNO3solution required to titrate the samplebeing tested, mL,D = test sampling mass, g, andP = total chlorides, expressed as sodium chloride, in thesample being tested, %.A1.6.1 If moisture i

37、s apparent in the sample, dry a duplicate10-g sample of the pulverized salt at 105C and correct themass of the sample accordingly.A1.7 Precision and BiasA1.7.1 Precision5An interlaboratory study was con-ducted and an analysis was made that included three materialsranging from approximately 92 % to 9

38、9 % NaCl. Ten labora-tories were included in the study.A1.7.2 Single-Operator Precision (NaCl composition95.0 % and greater)The single-operator standard deviationof a single test result for average NaCl composition 95.0 % andgreater has been found to be 0.248.6Therefore, results of twoproperly condu

39、cted tests by the same operator on the samematerial with the same equipment and under the same condi-tions should not differ by more than 0.70 %.6A1.7.3 Multilaboratory Precision (NaCl composition95.0 % and greater)The multilaboratory standard deviationof a single test result for average NaCl compos

40、ition greaterthan 95.0 % has been found to be 0.633 %.6Therefore, resultsof two properly conducted tests in different laboratories on thesame material should not differ by more than 1.79 %.6A1.7.4 Single Operator Precision (NaCl composition lessthan 95.0 % and greater than 90.0 %)The single-operator

41、coefficient of variation of a single test result for average NaClcomposition less than 95.0 % and greater than 90.0 % has beenfound to be 0.427 %.6Therefore, results of two properlyconducted tests by the same operator on the same material withthe same equipment and under the same conditions should n

42、otdiffer by more than 1.21 %.6A1.7.5 Multilaboratory Precision (NaCl composition lessthan 95.0 % and greater than 90.0 %)The multilaboratorystandard deviation of a single test result for average NaClcomposition less than 95.0 % and greater than 90.0 % has beenfound to be 0.711 %.6Therefore, results

43、of two properlyconducted tests in different laboratories on the same materialshould not differ by more than 2.00 %.6A1.7.6 BiasNo justifiable statement can be made on thebias of this test method because the data are not available.5Supporting date have been filed at ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D04-

44、1016.6These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %) limits, asdescribed in Practice C 670C 670.D632 123ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressl

45、y advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, e

46、ither reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may atte

47、nd. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. I

48、ndividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D632 124