ASTM D1677-2002(2011) Standard Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Mica Paper Used for Electrical Insulation《电绝缘用未处理云母纸的取样和试验的标准方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D1677 02 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Methods forSampling and Testing Untreated Mica Paper Used forElectrical Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1677; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad

2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These methods cover procedures for sampling andtesting untreated mica

3、paper to be used as an electricalinsulator or as a constituent of a composite material used forelectrical insulating purposes.1.2 The procedures2appear in the following order:ASTMMethodProcedures Sections ReferencesApparent Density 12 .Aqueous Extract Conductivity 32 and 33 D202Conditioning 4 D685Di

4、electric Strength 16-19 D149Impregnation Time 20-24 D202Moisture Content 26-28 D644Roll Quality 25 .Sampling 3 .Tensile Strength 13-15 D828Thickness 6-10 D374Weight 11 D646Weight Variability 29-31 .1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.4 This standard does not

5、 purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST

6、M Standards:3D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing UntreatedPaper Used for Electrical InsulationD374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Ins

7、u-lationD644 Test Method for Moisture Content of Paper andPaperboard by Oven Drying4D646 Test Method for Grammage of Paper and Paperboard(Mass Per Unit Area)4D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing4D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper andPaperboard Using Consta

8、nt-Rate-of-Elongation Appara-tus4D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation3. Sampling3.1 Sample in accordance with the requirements set forth inTest Methods D202.3.2 Make the tests for physical properties on each sampleinsofar as the specimens are of sufficient width.3.3 Untreated mica pap

9、ers are, in general, quite fragile andfriable. At all times during the operations of sampling, condi-tioning, specimen preparation, and testing, great care must betaken to prevent flexing and tearing, and to minimize abrasionof particles from the surfaces. The test values may be signifi-cantly and a

10、dversely affected if these precautions are not taken.4. Conditioning4.1 Condition samples in accordance with Practice D685,except that samples should remain in the conditioned air for notless than 16 h prior to the tests.4.2 The following physical tests shall be made in theconditioned atmosphere: th

11、ickness, weight, tensile strength,dielectric strength, and impregnation.5. Precision and Bias5.1 Due to the range of types and grades, and nonuniformnature of commercially available mica papers, no statementcan be made about the precision of these methods when usedon these materials. Neither can a s

12、tatement about bias be madebecause of the unavailability of standard reference materials.1These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products.Curr

13、ent edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1677 02 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D1677-02R11.2The test methods for other properties will be added in accordance with standardASTM procedures as their need becomes generally des

14、irable.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historic

15、al standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Nevertheless, these methods serve to distinguish basic, relativedifferences in properties, and variations in quality among micapapers used in el

16、ectrical insulation.THICKNESS AND THICKNESS VARIATION6. Terminology Definition6.1 thickness, nof an electrical insulating material, theperpendicular distance between the two surfaces of interest,determined in accordance with a standard method.7. Significance and Use7.1 Accurate determination of thic

17、kness is important foridentification purposes. Thickness is related to weight and mustbe known in order to calculate apparent density and thedielectric strength.7.2 Thickness variation affects the quality of roll windingand is useful in judging the uniformity of mica paper particu-larly with respect

18、 to dielectric breakdown voltage, impregna-tion time, and thickness of the end product.8. Test Specimens8.1 Take test specimens from the original samples obtainedin accordance with Section 3 and conditioned as prescribed inSection 4, and tested under the same conditions.8.2 For all thicknesses of mi

19、ca paper, the specimen shall bea single sheet.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the thickness in accordance with Test Meth-ods D374. The preferred method shall be Method D with a droprate of 12 6 4 mil/s and a dwell time of 3 6 1 s for thicknessof 0.002 to 0.006 in. and 6 6 2 s for + 0.006 in. Method C ofTe

20、st Methods D374 is an acceptable alternative.9.2 Take at least five measurements of thickness at regularintervals across the entire width of each specimen, preferablyin a line that is at right angles to the machine direction.10. Report10.1 Report in accordance with Test Methods D202 andinclude:10.1.

21、1 Average, minimum, and maximum thickness.WEIGHT11. Procedure11.1 Determine the weight in accordance with Test MethodD646, except sample the material in accordance with Section 3,condition as prescribed in Section 4, and test under the sameconditions. Report the results as weight in grams per square

22、metre.APPARENT DENSITY12. Procedure12.1 Determine the apparent density from the thickness(Sections 8-10), and the weight (Section 11). Make thethickness and weight determinations on the same sample.Calculate the apparent density as follows:D 5 A/B (1)where:A = basis weight, kg/m2,B = thickness, m, a

23、ndD = apparent density, g/cm3.TENSILE STRENGTH13. Significance and Use13.1 The results of the test are suitable for acceptance andproduct control. They are also a means of measuring the abilityof mica paper to withstand the tensile stresses encountered inapplication processes.14. Procedure14.1 Deter

24、mine the tensile strength in accordance with TestMethods D202, except for specimen width and test span.Sample the material in accordance with Section 3 and condi-tion in accordance with Section 4 and test under the sameconditions. The specimen shall be 1 to 3 in. (25 to 77 mm)wide. The distance betw

25、een the jaws shall be 5 in. (127 mm).NOTE 1If excessive fractures occur in or at the edge of either jaw, acushion of soft kraft paper or other material may be used between the jawsof the clamps and the specimen.15. Report15.1 Report the following information:15.1.1 The thickness of test specimen, an

26、d15.1.2 The average, minimum and maximum tensilestrength in pounds-force per inch of width (or newtons permetre of width).DIELECTRIC STRENGTH16. Nomenclature16.1 dielectric strengthRefer to Terminology D1711.17. Significance and Use17.1 For mica paper to be used in the untreated state, thistest give

27、s some indication of the electrical strength. For micapaper to be subsequently treated, this test has value as a qualitycontrol test.18. Procedure18.1 Determine the dielectric strength in accordance withTest Method D149, except sample the material in accordancewith Section 3 and condition in accorda

28、nce with Section 4, andtest under the same conditions. Make tests in air using 2-in.(50.8-mm) electrodes and the short-time (continuous-rise)method. Determine the average dielectric strength on the basisof ten dielectric breakdowns.19. Report19.1 Report the following information:19.1.1 Average thick

29、ness of the specimen,19.1.2 Average, high, and low breakdown voltage, and19.1.3 Average dielectric strength in volts per mil (orkilovolts per millimetre).D1677 02 (2011)2IMPREGNATION TIME20. Definition20.1 impregnation time, nof paper, the time in secondsrequired for a liquid of specified compositio

30、n and viscosity topenetrate completely from one face of a sheet of paper to theother, under certain prescribed conditions.21. Significance and Use21.1 Impregnation time influences the speed and quality ofresin impregnation of the mica paper.22. Test Specimens22.1 Take test specimens from the origina

31、l samples obtainedin accordance with Section 3 and conditioned as prescribed inSection 4, and test under the same conditions. Test specimensshall be 3 in. (76 mm) square.23. Procedure23.1 Determine the impregnation time in accordance withImpregnation Time of Test Methods D202, except as follows:23.1

32、.1 Use a test solution that is approximately 60 partscastor oil and 40 parts toluene, adjusted to a specific gravity of0.917 6 0.001 at 77F (25C).NOTE 2Use cold pressed castor oil (USP Grade No. 1).23.1.2 Insert a glass plate between the mica paper and thepaper clamp.23.1.3 The end point is that tim

33、e at which the paper iscompletely penetrated at a uniform rate of wet out. Particleswhich require substantially longer to wet out will not influencethe determination. Make sure that the penetrated area is 95 to100 % of the surface. This will vary with the type of micapaper. First make trial tests ob

34、serving the characteristics of theend point.24. Report24.1 Report the following information:24.1.1 Thickness of the specimen, and24.1.2 Average of five readings.ROLL QUALITY25. Report25.1 Mica paper is chiefly supplied in continuous lengths inroll form. Because roll quality determines handling prope

35、rtiesof the mica paper when it is unwound on combining orimpregnating equipment, the following conditions shall beobserved and reported if they are found to occur in the roll, andto what degree:25.1.1 Sticking of layers to each other,25.1.2 Loose mica platelets,25.1.3 Delamination, separation, or cr

36、acking of the micapaper (that is, examine the mica paper for delamination,separation, or cracking when it is unwound and bent back onitself (reverse direction) over a 3-in. diameter mandrel andwhen it is cut across full width of the roll),25.1.4 Uneven winding tension, loosely wound ends, bag-ging,2

37、5.1.5 Telescoping or coning, indexing of edges,25.1.6 Position of the center of the mica paper with respectto the center of the core on which the mica paper is wound (thatis, does the center of the mica paper coincide with the center ofthe core or is it offset),25.1.7 Shape of roll, for example, deg

38、rees of roundness,25.1.8 Crushed roll ends which cause tearing when thematerial is unrolled,25.1.9 Nonlinear edges in which the edge follows a longsine wave, and25.1.10 Any other unusual conditions.MOISTURE CONTENT26. Significance and Use26.1 Excessive moisture content will cause raw mica paperto we

39、aken significantly with lengthwise or crosswise tearing,or both, resulting when it is unwound. It may also cause polarimpregnants, or impregnants that are dissolved in polar sol-vents, to impregnate to a higher degree, or at a faster rate, orboth, than is desired. It may also contribute to blisterin

40、g of themica paper when these impregnants are dried with heat. It may,in addition, cause contiguous layers of raw mica paper in theroll to stick to each other, making unwinding difficult orimpossible. Excessive moisture will also weaken and soften thecardboard core upon which the mica paper is custo

41、marilyrolled. Low-moisture contents are generally not as deleteriousin effect, although they can conceivably cause excessivestiffness in thick mica papers.27. Procedure27.1 Determine the moisture content in accordance withTest Method D644, except sample the material in accordancewith Section 3. The

42、samples should not be preconditioned.28. Report28.1 Report the average, minimum, and maximum moisturecontent for all samples tested.WEIGHT VARIABILITY29. Significance and Use29.1 The degree of variability of basis weight (mass per unitarea) from point to point on a sheet has an effect on thephysical

43、 and electrical properties of which the sheet is acomponent.29.2 In general the variability is greater across the width ofthe sheet than along its length. For this reason, specimens forthe determination of weight variability must represent theentire width of the material being sampled.30. Procedure3

44、0.1 Sample in accordance with Section 3. The sample mustrepresent the entire width of the sheet being evaluated.30.2 Carefully cut ten specimens (see 3.3). The specimensmay be either circular or rectangular, and they shall be asnearly identical in size as possible. The area of each specimenshall be

45、between 10 and 20 in.2(0.0065 and 0.0130 mm2), andshall be known for each specimen within 60.5 %.D1677 02 (2011)330.3 Space the specimens uniformly across the width of thesample. If the sample is not of sufficient width to permitspacing across, two or more rows of specimens may be cut.30.4 Weigh eac

46、h specimen to the nearest 0.1 mg.31. Report31.1 Report the following information:31.1.1 Identification of the sample,31.1.2 Area of each specimen, or, if the range of areasbetween the smallest and largest specimen differs by less than1%,31.1.3 Basis weight in grams per square metre for eachspecimen,

47、31.1.4 Average basis weight, and31.1.5 Percentage variation of the smallest and largestindividual basis weight values from the average.AQUEOUS EXTRACT CONDUCTIVITY32. Significance and Use32.1 For mica papers that are intended for use in capacitors,the results of this test are indicative of electrica

48、l properties ofthe finished capacitor, particularly dissipation factor and insu-lation resistance.33. Procedure and Report33.1 Prepare specimens from samples selected as specifiedin Section 3.33.2 Determine the conductivity of the aqueous extract asspecified in Methods D202.33.3 Make calculations an

49、d report in accordance with TestMethods D202.34. Keywords34.1 air resistance; apparent density; aqueous extract con-ductivity; dielectric strength; impregnation time; mica paper;tensile strength; thickness; weight; weight variabilityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa