[外语类试卷]大学英语六级模拟试卷328及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 328及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Deal with Disobedient Behaviors of Teenagers You should write at least 150 words following the outline given bellow. 1. 青少年有叛逆行为; 2. 家长对孩子表现出的一系列反应;
2、3. 如何对待孩子的逆反心理 How to Deal with Disobedient Behaviors of Teenagers 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark: Y (for
3、 YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Dos and Taboos: Cultural Aspects of International Business By M. Katherine Glove
4、r Understanding and heeding cultural variables is one of the most significant aspects of being successful in any international business endeavor. A lack of familiarity with the business practices, social customs, and etiquette of a country can weaken a companys position in the market, prevent it fro
5、m accomplishing its objectives, and ultimately lead to failure. As business has become increasingly international and communications technology continues to develop, the need for clearly understood communication between members of different cultures is even more crucial. Growing competition for inte
6、rnational markets is another reason that companies must consider cultural distinctions. As Secretary of Commerce Robert Mosbacher indicated, “American companies have to rely on all available tactics for winning in the global marketplace today. Learning international business diplomacy should be the
7、first step they take.“ Customs vary widely from one country to another. Something with one meaning in one area may mean the opposite somewhere else. Some of the cultural distinctions that firms most often face include differences in business styles, attitudes towards development of business relation
8、ships, attitudes to wards punctuality, negotiating styles, gift-giving customs, greetings, significance of gestures, meanings of colors and numbers, and customs regarding titles. American firms must pay close attention to different styles of doing business and the degree of importance placed on deve
9、loping business relation ships. In some countries, business people have a very direct style, while in others they are much more subtle in style. Many nationalities value the personal relationship more than most Americans do in business. In these countries, long-term relationships based on trust are
10、necessary for doing business. Many U.S. firms make the mistake of rushing into business discussions and “coming on too strong“ instead of nurturing the relationship first. According to Roger Axtell in his book Dos and Taboos of Hosting International Visitors, “There is much more to business than jus
11、t business in many parts of the world. Socializing, friendships, etiquette, grace, and patience are integral parts of business. Jumping right into business discussions before a get-acquainted interlude can be a bad mistake.“ Charles Ford, Commercial Attach6 in Guatemala, cites this cultural distinct
12、ion as the greatest difference between the American and Guatemalan styles of doing business. The inexperienced American visitor, he claims, of ten tries to force a business relationship. The abrupt “always watching the clock“ style rarely works in Guatemala. A better informed business executive woul
13、d, he advises, engage in small talk about Guatemala, indicate an interest in the families of his or her business associates, join them for lunch or dinner, and generally allow time for a personal relationship to develop. Solid business opportunities usually follow a strong personal relationship in G
14、uatemala. This holds true for Latin America in general; Building a personal rapport is also important when doing business in Greece, according to Sondra Snowdon, President of Snowdons International Protocol, Inc., a firm that trains and prepares executives in cross-cultural communications. Business
15、entertaining is usually done in the evening at a local taverna (咖啡厅 ), and spouses are often included. The relaxed atmosphere is important to building a business relationship based on friendship. Belgians, however, are the opposite, Snowdon says. They are likely to get down to business right away an
16、d are usually conservative and efficient in their approach to business meetings. Attitudes towards punctuality vary greatly from one culture to another and unless understood can cause confusion and misunderstanding. Romanians, Japanese, and Germans are very punctual, while many of the Latin countrie
17、s have a more relaxed attitude toward time. The Japanese consider it rude to be late for a business meeting, but it is acceptable, even fashionable, to be late for a social occasion. In Guatemala on the other hand, according to Ford, a luncheon at a specified time means that some guests might be 10
18、minutes early, while others may be 45 minutes late. When crossing cultural lines, something as simple as a greeting can be misunderstood. The form of greeting differs from culture to culture. Traditional greetings may be a handshake, hug, nose rub, kiss, placing the hands in praying position, or var
19、ious other gestures. Lack of awareness concerning the countrys accepted form of greeting can lead to awkward encounters. The Japanese bow is one of the most well-known forms of greeting. The bow symbolizes respect and humility and is a very important custom to ob serve when doing business with Japan
20、ese. There are also different levels of bowing, each with a significant meaning. Japanese and Americans often combine a handshake with a bow so that each culture may show the other respect. Handshakes are the accepted form of greeting in Italy. Italians use a handshake for greetings and goodbyes. Un
21、like the United States, men do not stand when a woman enters or leaves a room, and they do not kiss a womans hand. The latter is reserved for royalty. The traditional Thai greeting, the wai, is made by placing both hands together in a prayer position at the chin and bowing slightly. The higher the h
22、ands, the more respect is symbolized. The fingertips should never be raised above eye level. The gesture means “thank you“ and “Im sorry“ as well as “hello.“ Failure to return a wai greeting is equivalent to refusing to shake hands in the West. According to Snowdon, American intentions are often mis
23、understood and Americans are sometimes perceived as not meaning what they say. For example, in Denmark the standard American greeting “Hi, how are you?“ leads the Danes to think the U.S. business person really wants to know how they are. She suggests that, “Hi, Im pleased to meet you“ is preferable
24、and conveys a more sincere message. People around the world use body movements or gestures to convey specific messages. Though countries sometimes use the same gestures, they often have very different meanings. Misunderstanding over gestures is a common occurrence in cross-cultural communication, an
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