ASTM C125-2007 Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates《与混凝土和混凝土集料相关的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: C 125 07Standard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of general terminologyrelated

3、to hydraulic cement concrete, concrete aggregates, andother materials used in or with hydraulic cement concrete.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in DescriptiveNomenc

4、lature C 294. Terms relating to constituents of aggre-gates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descrip-tive Nomenclature C 638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included inTerminology C 219. Additional related terminology can befound in ACI 116R.1.4 When a term is used in

5、an ASTM standard for whichCommittee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if usedin more than one Committee C09 standard.1.5 Definitions that are adopted from those published byother ASTM committees or other standards organizations areidentified with the ASTM designation (for example, Termi

6、nol-ogy C 219) or with the abbreviation of the name of the otherorganization.1.6 A definition in this standard is a statement of themeaning of a word or word group expressed in a singlesentence with additional information included in notes ordiscussion.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this sta

7、ndard will reviewdefinitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is stillappropriate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars(Using 2-in. or 50-m

8、m CubeSpecimens)C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC 494/C 494M S

9、pecification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC 638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC 939 Test Metho

10、d for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C 1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by theMaturity MethodC 1611/C 1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete2.2 American Concrete Institute Publications:3308 Practice for Curing Concrete116R Ceme

11、nt and Concrete Terminology3. Terms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into andtends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from thepenetration of a liquid into its permeable pores.DISCUSSIONIn

12、the case of concrete and concrete aggregates, unlessotherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass isthat which does not include water adhering to the outside surface, theincrease in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of thebody and the body is considered to be “

13、dry” when it has been treatedby an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as dryingto constant mass at a temperature between 100 and 110 C.admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hy-draulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that isused as an ingredient of a ce

14、mentitious mixture to modify its1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last

15、previous edition approved in 2006 as C 125 06a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fro

16、m the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.freshly mixed, setting, or hardened pr

17、operties and that isadded to the batch before or during its mixing.accelerating admixture, nadmixture that accelerates thesetting and early strength development of concrete. (C 494/C 494M)air-entraining admixture, nadmixture that causes the de-velopment of a system of microscopic air bubbles inconcr

18、ete or mortar during mixing.chemical admixture, na nonpozzolanic admixture in theform of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid.mineral admixture, ndeprecated term.DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types ofwater insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic mater

19、ials,cementitious materials, and aggregate. These materials are not similar,and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of thespecific material should be used, for example, use “pozzolan,” “groundgranulated blast-furnace slag,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as isappropriate.ret

20、arding admixture, nadmixture that retards the setting ofconcrete. (C 494/C 494M)water-reducing admixture, nadmixture that either in-creases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concretewithout increasing the water content or that maintains theslump with a reduced amount of water due to factors other

21、than air entrainment.water-reducing admixture, high-range, na water-reducingadmixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction ofwater content when tested in accordance with SpecificationC 494/C 494M and meeting the other relevant requirementsof Specification C 494/C 494M.aggregate, ngranular ma

22、terial, such as sand, gravel, crushedstone, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementingmedium to form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar.coarse aggregate, n(1) aggregate predominantly retainedon the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of anaggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) siev

23、e.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradingshould be stated i

24、n the specification.fine aggregate, n(1) aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (38-in.)sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieveand predominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or(2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve and retained on the 75-m (No. 200) siev

25、e.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied underdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradingshould be stated i

26、n the specifications.heavyweight aggregate, nsee high-density aggregate.high-density aggregate, naggregate with relative densitygreater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, il-menite, iron, or steel.lightweight aggregate, nsee low-density aggregate.low-density aggregate, naggregate with b

27、ulk density lessthan 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft3), such as: pumice, scoria,volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sinteredclay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, orslag; and end products of coal or coke combustion.normal-density aggregate, naggregate that is neither highno

28、r low density.DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with relative densitytypically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typicallyranging between 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft3) and 1920 kg/m3(120 lb/ft3).normalweight aggregate, nsee normal-density aggregate.air content, nthe volume of air voids

29、 in cement paste,mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregateparticles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volumeof the paste, mortar, or concrete.air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air voidsee void, air.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product,

30、consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium andother bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-taneously with iron in a blast furnace.blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe material resulting fromsolidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions

31、; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by appli-cation of water to the solidified surface.blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular mate-rial formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled,as by immersion in water.bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, orits em

32、ergence from, newly placed concrete or mortar causedby the settlement of the solid materials within the mass, alsocalled water gain.bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a unit volume ofbulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes thevolume of the individual particles and the volume of thevo

33、ids between the particles).DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightofaggregate.bulk specific gravity, nthe ratio of the mass of a volume ofa material (including the permeable and impermeable voidsin the material, but excluding the voids between particles ofthe material) at a stat

34、ed temperature to the mass of an equalvolume of distilled water at a stated temperature.bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry), nthe ratio ofthe mass of a volume of a material including the mass ofwater within the pores in the material (but excluding thevoids between particles) at a stated te

35、mperature, to the massof an equal volume of distilled water at a stated temperature.cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens bychemical reaction with water and is capable of doing sounder water.C125072cementitious material (hydraulic), nan inorganic

36、materialor a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and developsstrength by chemical reaction with water by formation ofhydrates and is capable of doing so under water.cementitious mixture, na mixture (mortar, concrete, orgrout) containing hydraulic cement.concrete, na composite material that cons

37、ists essentially ofa binding medium within which are embedded particles orfragments of aggregate; in hydraulic-cement concrete, thebinder is formed from a mixture of hydraulic cement andwater.concrete, cellular, na lightweight hydraulic-cement con-crete having a homogeneous void or cell structure at

38、tainedusing gas-forming chemicals or foaming agents.concrete, fresh, nconcrete which possesses enough of itsoriginal workability so that it can be placed and consolidatedby the intended methods.concrete, hardened, nconcrete that has developed sufficientstrength to serve some defined purpose or resis

39、t a stipulatedloading without failure.concrete, roller-compacted, RCC, nconcrete compactedwhile fresh by a roller, often a vibratory roller.concrete, self-consolidating, SCC, nconcrete that can flowaround reinforcement and consolidate under its own weightwithout additional effort and without exceedi

40、ng specifiedlimits of segregation.DISCUSSIONProject specifications shall indicate the acceptable seg-regation based upon a specified test method. Although there currentlyare no ASTM test methods approved to define specified limits ofsegregation, they are under development; also, there are industryme

41、thods available to specifiers.consistency, nof fresh concrete, mortar, or grout, the relativemobility or ability to flow.DISCUSSIONThis characteristic of fresh cementitious mixtures isdifficult to quantify and empirical test methods have been adopted toprovide indicators of consistency. For example,

42、 the slump test de-scribed in Test Method C 143/C 143M is used for concrete, the flowtable method described in Test Method C 109/C 109M is used formortar, and the flow cone method described in Test Method C 939 isused for grout.crushed gravelsee gravel, crushed.crushed stonesee stone, crushed.curing

43、, naction taken to maintain moisture and temperatureconditions in a freshly-placed cementitious mixture to allowhydraulic cement hydration and (if applicable) pozzolanicreactions to occur so that the potential properties of themixture may develop (see ACI 308).curing compound, na liquid that, when a

44、pplied as a coatingto the surface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membranethat retards the evaporation of water and, in the case of whitepigmented compounds, reflects heat (see also curing).D-cracking, nin concrete, a series of cracks near to androughly parallel to features such as joints, edges,

45、andstructural cracks.density, nmass per unit volume (preferred over deprecatedterm unit weight).elongated piece (of aggregate), na particle of aggregate forwhich the ratio of the length to width of its circumscribingrectangular prism is greater than a specified value (see alsoflat piece (of aggregat

46、e).entrained airsee void, air .entrapped airsee void, air .expanded blast-furnace slag, nthe lightweight cellularmaterial obtained by controlled processing of molten blast-furnace slag with water or water and other agents, such assteam or compressed air or both.fibers, nslender filaments, which may

47、be discrete or in theform of bundles, networks, or strands of natural or manu-factured materials, which can be distributed uniformlythroughout a fresh cementitious mixture.fineness modulus, nof aggregate, a factor obtained byadding the percentages of material in the sample that iscoarser than each o

48、f the following sieves (cumulativepercentages retained), and dividing the sum by 100: 150-m(No. 100), 300-m (No. 50), 600-m (No. 30), 1.18-mm(No. 16), 2.36-mm (No. 8), 4.75-mm (No. 4), 9.5-mm(38-in.), 19.0-mm (34-in.), 37.5-mm (112-in.), 75-mm (3-in.),150-mm (6-in.).flat piece (of aggregate), na par

49、ticle of aggregate for whichthe ratio of the width to thickness of its circumscribingrectangular prism is greater than a specified value (see alsoelongated piece (of aggregate).fly ash, nthe finely divided residue that results from thecombustion of ground or powdered coal and that is trans-ported by flue gases from the combustion zone to the particleremoval system.fog room, na moist room in which the humidity is controlledby atomization of water. (see Specification C511)fresh concretesee concrete, fresh.gra