ASTM B846-2006a Standard Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys《铜和铜合金标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: B 846 06aStandard Terminology forCopper and Copper Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 846; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in

2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The terms defined in this terminology standard areapplicable to copper and copper alloy products specifications,test methods, practices, and other documents w

3、ithin the juris-diction of Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper andCopper-Alloy Pipe and TubingB 170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB 379 Specification for Phosphoriz

4、ed CoppersRefineryShapesE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing ofMetallic Material

5、sE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size3. Significance and Use3.1 This terminology is not intended to apply to anystandard, test method, practice, or other document not withinthe jurisdiction of Committee B05 on Copper and CopperAlloys.4. Terminologyacid dipsee dip solution.acid dipped

6、-dry rolled finishsee finish, acid dipped-dryrolled.Admiraltyan alloy containing nominally 71 % copper: 1 %tin and 28 % zinc, originally developed by the BritishAdmiralty and generally available in tube, flat products, andwire. Its principal use is in heat exchanger and condensertubes.An inhibitor m

7、ay be added to increase the resistance todezincification.Admiralty, inhibited (arsenical, antimonial orphosphorized)admiralty modified by the addition ofsmall amounts of arsenic, antimony or phosphorus to inhibitdezincification. (Copper Alloy Nos. C44300, C44400,C44500)air stainsee stain, air.alphat

8、he name of a phase or of a certain range of copperalloys which contain one or more alloying elements dis-solved in copper, the phase being a homogeneous solidsolution.alpha beta brassa series of copper-zinc alloys containingapproximately 55 to 63 % copper and the remainder mostly,if not all, zinc an

9、d composed of crystals or grains of both thealpha and the beta phases.aluminum brassa copper alloy containing nominally77.5 % copper, 2 % aluminum and 20.5 % zinc with anarsenical inhibitor, available in tube form. Its principal use isin heat exchanger and condenser tubes. (Copper Alloy No.C68700)al

10、uminum bronzecopper alloys with aluminum as theprincipal alloying element, normally in the range of 3 to11 % with or without the additions of other elements.(Copper Alloy Nos. C60800 64699 incl.)anneal (annealing)a thermal treatment to change the prop-erties or grain structure of the product. When a

11、pplied to acold-worked product having a single phase: to producesoftening by recrystallization or recrystallization and graingrowth, with the accompanying changes in properties. Whenapplied to a product having two or more phases: to producesoftening by changes in the phase relationship that mayinclu

12、de recrystallization and grain growth.annular ringsee circular ring.arbora cylindrical core around which metal is wound toobtain a desired inside diameter of the wound coil or roll.arc weldinga group of welding processes wherein coales-cence is produced by heating with an arc or arcs, with orwithout

13、 the application of pressure, and with or without theuse of filler metal.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.93 onTerminology.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2006. Published December 2006.

14、 Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as B 846 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page

15、onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.architectural bronzean alloy containing nominally 57 %copper, 3 % lead, and 40 % zinc, generally available inextruded or drawn shapes and rod; used for architectural

16、trimand for some mechanical applications. The alloy is nottechnically a bronze, but because of long usage, the term“Architectural Bronze” has been used. (Copper Alloy No.C38500)area reductionthe decrease in cross-section of a product byrolling or drawing, which is a measure of the temper of themetal

17、 in the cold worked condition.argentiferous coppersee silver bearing copper.arsenical tough pitch coppera modified tough pitch coppercontaining substantial amounts of arsenic regardless oforigin or treatment.as-welded conditiona condition created as a result offorming annealed sheet or plate into tu

18、bular form andwelding without subsequent heat treatment or cold work.average diameter (for round tubes only)the average of themaximum and minimum outside diameters or the maximumand minimum inside diameters, whichever is applicable, asdetermined at any one cross section of the tube.bara solid rectan

19、gular section, or one with two plane parallelsurfaces and round or other simple regularly shaped edges,up to and including 12 in. (300 mm) in width and over 0.188in. (5 mm) in thickness, furnished in straight lengths or inrolls and with finished edges, either rolled, drawn, orextruded.bar, bus stock

20、high-conductivity copper bar stock of anydimension intended for use as an electrical conductor.bar, casta flat casting for rolling into sheet and strip, orround casting for rolling and drawing into wire.bar, cold-rolledsee cold-rolled bar.bar, commutator segment stocka bar for use in makingcommutato

21、rs of electric motors and generators, the cross-section of the bar being a trapezoid or truncated sector orsegment of a circle.bar, drawnsee drawn bar.bar, extrudedsee extruded bar.bar, hot-rolledsee hot-rolled bar.barrel rollinga method of polishing small parts in which theparts and a polishing med

22、ium are placed in a barrel, thepolishing action resulting from the revolving of the barrel.base metalthe sheet or plate from which the pipe is formed.bend testsee test, bend.beryllium coppersee copper-beryllium alloy.billetrefinery shape used for piercing or extrusion intotubular products or for ext

23、rusion into rods, bars, and shapes.Circular in cross section, usually 3 to 16 in. (76 to 406 mm)in diameter, normally ranging in weight from 100 to 4200 lb(45 to 1905 kg).bimetal tubesee tube, bimetal.blanka piece of flat product intended for subsequent fabri-cation by forming, bending, cupping, dra

24、wing, hot pressing,and so forth.blankingthe process of cutting metal blanks by a die andpunch set in a press, or by sawing or shearing.Bourdon gauge tubesee tube, Bourdon gauge.brassany copper alloy with zinc as the principal alloyingelement, with or without small quantities of some otherelements.br

25、azed tubesee tube, brazed.brazing filler materialwire, rod, strip, or powder that ismanufactured to special chemical composition for use injoining metals by brazing.bridge platea low-friction plate of a copper alloy used toprovide a bearing surface for the expansion end of trussedbridge structures.b

26、right annealed finishsee finish, bright annealed.bright dipsee dip, bright.bright dipped finishsee finish, bright dipped.bright rolled finishsee finish, dry rolled.Brinell hardness testsee test, Brinell hardness.brush brass finishsee finish, brush brass.bucklealternate bulges and hollows recurring a

27、long thelength of a flat product with the edges remaining relativelyflat.buckle (centre bulge or oil can)alternate bulges and hol-lows recurring along the length of a strip with the edgesremaining relatively flat.buffed surface finishsee finish, buffed surface.bulgingthe expanding of a portion of th

28、e body of a drawnshell below the top or neck.bull ring rodcopper rod manufactured to special surfacerequirements and furnished in coils for redrawing or re-rolling.bull rodsee redraw rod.bursting pressurethe internal pressure required to bursttubes or other hollow products.bus barincludes material o

29、f solid rectangular or square crosssection or a solid section with two plane parallel surfaces andround or other simple regular-shaped edges.bus conductor stocka bar, rod, shape or tube of highconductivity copper used for the manufacture of bus con-ductor or bus bar.bus stock barsee bar, bus stock.b

30、utt seam tubesee tube, open seam.cakerefinery shape used for rolling into plate, sheet, strip, orshape. Rectangular in cross section and of various sizes,normally ranging in weight from 140 to 62 000 lb (63 to28 123 kg).capable ofthe test need not be performed by the producer ofthe material. However

31、, if subsequent testing by the purchaserestablishes that the material does not meet the specifiedrequirements, the material shall be subject to rejection.capacitor plate stockstrip manufactured to special flatnessand thickness tolerances for use in electrical variable capaci-tors.cartridge brassa co

32、pper alloy containing nominally 70 %copper and 30 % zinc and generally available in flat prod-ucts, rod, wire, and tube. (Copper Alloy No. C26000)cast barsee bar, cast.castinga general term for a metal object produced at ornear-finished shape by pouring or otherwise introducingmolten metal into a mo

33、ld and allowing it to solidify.B 846 06a2casting, centrifugala casting produced in a cylindrical moldrotating on its axis with the major axis of the productcoinciding with the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation maybe horizontal, vertical, or any angle in between.casting, centrifugeda casting pro

34、duced in a mold, a numberof which may be mounted around a central sprue. The moldsare rotated, in a vertical position, about a central axisconcentric with the central sprue.casting, continuousa casting produced by the continuouspouring and solidification of molten metal through a water-cooled mold w

35、hich determines the cross-sectional shape.The length of the product is not restricted by mold dimen-sions.casting, permanent molda product produced in a reusablemold constructed of a durable material, usually iron or steel,with the molten metal being introduced by gravity, low-pressure, or vacuum.ca

36、sting, sanda casting produced in a sand mold.casting, semicentrifugala casting produced in a mannersimilar to the centrifugal casting except that a central core isused to allow the formation of other than a cylindrical insidesurface. The axis of rotation is always vertical.cathodeunmelted, electrode

37、posited, and somewhat roughflat plate normally used for melting. The customary size isabout 3 ft (0.914 m) square, about12 to78 in. (12.7 to 22.2mm) thick, weighing up to about 300 lb (136 kg) and mayhave hanging loops attached. Cathodes may also be cut tosmaller dimensions.cavitation corrosionsee c

38、orrosion, cavitation.chemically refined coppercopper recovered from an aque-ous solution by other than electrolytic means. Usually whenthis term is used alone it refers to chemically refined toughpitch copper. This designation applies to the following: (a)copper cast in refinery shapes suitable for

39、hot or coldworking, or both, and by extension, to fabricators productsmade therefrom, (b) ingots or ingot bars suitable for remelt-ing.circlea completely round, commercially flat, solid blankmade from a rolled product.circular ringa completely round, commercial flat blanklacking the central concentr

40、ic area.cladding ratioratio by percent thickness of the componentlayers, for example.clean annealed finishsee finish, clean annealed.clock brassa term sometimes used to designate high-leadedbrass. (Copper Alloy No. C34200)close nipplea nipple with no shoulder or unthreaded portionbetween two threads

41、; the shortest possible pipe nipple withcomplete threads.coalesced coppera commercially pure oxygen-free copperformed in a protective atmosphere at elevated temperaturebut below its melting point by application of mechanicalpressure to particles of electrolytic cathode copper. (CopperNo. C10200)coil

42、a length of the product wound into a series of connectedturns. The unqualified term “coil” as applied to tube usuallyrefers to a bunched coil.coil, buncheda coil in which the turns are bunched and heldtogether such that the cross section of the bunched turns isapproximately circular.coil, double lay

43、er flata coil in which the product is spirallywound into two connected disc-like layers such that onelayer is on top of the other. (Sometimes called “double layerpancake coil” or “double layer spirally wound coil.”)coil, helicalSee coil, level or traverse wound.coil, level or traverse wounda coil in

44、 which the turns arewound into layers parallel to the axis of the coil such thatsuccessive turns in a given layer are next to one another.(Sometimes called a “helical coil.”)coil, level or traverse wound on a reel or spoola coil inwhich the turns are positioned into layers on a reel or spoolparallel

45、 to the axis of the reel or spool such that successiveturns in a given layer are next to one another.coil, single layer flata coil in which the product is spirallywound into a single disc-like layer. (Sometimes called“pancake coil” or “single layer spirally wound coil.”)coil, stagger wounda coil in

46、which the turns are positionedinto layers approximately parallel to the axis of the coil, butnot necessarily with the fixed regularity of a level or traversewound coil.cold headingsee heading.cold-rolled barbar stock brought to final dimensions by coldrolling, regardless of prior operations.cold-rol

47、led finishsee finish, cold-rolled.cold-rolled rodrod stock brought to final dimensions bycold rolling, regardless of prior operations.cold-rolled shapeshape stock brought to final dimensions bycold rolling, regardless of prior operations.cold-rolled wirewire stock brought to final dimensions bycold

48、rolling, regardless of prior operations.cold rollingsee rolling.cold shortnessthe characteristic of metals that are brittle attemperatures below the recommended hot working tempera-ture range.cold sideas applied to forging, the temperature range belowthe optimum hot working temperature.cold workcont

49、rolled mechanical operations for changing theform or cross section of a product and for producing astrain-hardened product at temperatures below the recrystal-lization temperature.collapsing pressurethe external hydrostatic or pneumaticpressure required to collapse a tube or other hollow article.collett brasssee high-leaded mercial bronzea copper alloy containing nominally90 % copper and 10 % zinc, generally available in flatproducts, wire, rod, and tube. The alloy is no