ASTM B215-2008 Standard Practices for Sampling Metal Powders《金属粉末取样的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: B 215 08Standard Practices forSampling Metal Powders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicat

2、es the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These practices describe two procedures for obtainingsamples of metal powders for

3、subsequent testing:1.1.1 Practice AFor powders being transferred fromblenders or storage tanks.1.1.2 Practice BFor powders already packaged in con-tainers.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of

4、this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy23. Terminology3.1 Definitions Definitions of powder metallurgy termscan be foun

5、d in Terminology B 243. Additional descriptiveinformation is available in the Related Materials section of Vol02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.3.2 Description of Terms (see Fig. 1):3.2.1 incrementquantity of powder obtained by a sam-pling device at one time from a single lot.3.2.2 gross sa

6、mplequantity of powder adequate for thetests to be performed, consisting of all the increments takenfrom a single lot.3.2.3 composite sampleblended entire gross sample.3.2.4 test samplequantity of powder taken from the com-posite sample for determining a single property or for prepar-ing the test pi

7、eces. It should normally be taken by splitting thecomposite sample.3.2.5 test portion (test specimen)defined quantity of pow-der taken from the test sample on which the test is performedor from which test pieces are produced.4. Significance and Use4.1 Since many tests are performed using very smalla

8、mounts of powder, it is most important that the test portionsbe obtained in a standardized manner. The practices describedhere take into account the possibility of segregation of themetal powder during and after filling of containers.PRACTICE AFOR POWDERS BEING TRANSFERRED FROMBLENDERS OR STORAGE TA

9、NKS5. Apparatus5.1 Rectangular Receptacle, capable of being moved com-pletely across the stream of flowing powder at a constant speedand having a length and width greater than the stream of1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and

10、 are the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as B 215 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact

11、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.FIG. 1 Scheme of Sampling1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri

12、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.powder. It must be large enough so that no overflow of powderoccurs when collecting the sample.5.2 Small Blender.5.3 Sample Splitter, see Fig. 2.5.4 Spinning Riffler, see Fig. 3.6. Procedure6.1 Pass the rectangular receptacle at a cons

13、tant speedcompletely through the stream of flowing powder. If the entirecontents of one lot of powder are being packed in a singlecontainer, take increments when the container is14 ,12 , and34filled. If several containers are to be filled by one lot of powder,take the first increment when the first

14、container is12 filled, thesecond increment in the middle of the run, and the thirdincrement near the end of the run. Additional increments maybe agreed upon by the parties concerned. The total amountfrom all increments shall be adequate for the tests to beperformed. Combine the increments to obtain

15、the gross sample.NOTE 1To investigate within-lot variability, individual incrementsmay be tested rather than being combined to form a composite sample.6.2 Blend the gross sample in a small blender for 10 to 15revolutions to form a composite sample.6.3 Pass the composite sample through a sample split

16、ter orspinning riffler to obtain the test samples.6.4 Obtain the test portion from the test sample by use of asample splitter, or a sample spinning riffler.7. Frequency of Increments7.1 Take at least three increments for each lot of powder.The actual number depends on the size of the lot and thepowd

17、er involved and shall be agreed upon by the partiesinvolved.PRACTICE BFOR POWDERS ALREADY PACKAGED INCONTAINERS8. Apparatus8.1 Keystone Sampler, see Fig. 4.8.2 Small Blender.8.3 Sample Splitter, see Fig. 2.8.4 Spinning Riffler, see Fig. 3.9. Procedure9.1 Insert the Keystone sampler in the closed pos

18、ition intothe powder at a point 70 % of the distance from the center ofthe cross section to the periphery and straight down to thebottom of the container. Then twist the sampler to the openposition allowing powder to flow into the sampler. Close thesampler tube when filled and remove it from the con

19、tainer.Empty the contents of the sample either into a container or ontoa sheet of glazed or waxed paper.9.2 When a suitable number of increments have been taken,combine them to obtain the gross sample and blend them for 10to 15 revolutions to obtain a composite sample.NOTE 2To investigate within-lot

20、 variability, individual incrementsmay be tested rather than being combined to form a composite sample.9.3 Pass the composite sample through a sample splitter orspinning riffler to obtain the test samples.9.4 Obtain the test portion from the test sample by use of asample splitter or a sample spinnin

21、g riffler.10. Frequency of Increments10.1 See Table 1.11. Keywords11.1 blender; composite sample; Keystone sampler; samplesplitter; sampling segregationFIG. 2 Sample SplitterTABLE 1 Frequency of IncrementsNo. of Containersin the LotNo. of Containers to be Sampled(Randomly Selected)1to5 all6to11 512

22、to 20 621 to 35 736 to 60 861 to 99 9100 to 149 10150 to 199 11200 to 299 12300 to 399 13More than 400 13 + 1 per 100 additional containersB215082NOTE 1Reprinted with permission from the International Journal ofPowder Metallurgy, 1997, Volume 33, Number 8, Page 40, Figure 6,APMI International, 105 C

23、ollege Road East, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.FIG. 3 Spinning Riffler-SchematicFIG. 4 Keystone SamplerB215083SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (B21504)that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Changed the order of

24、terms in Section 3.2.(2) Replaced “drawn” in Section 3.2.5 with “taken”.(3) Deleted reference to micro-sample splitter in Section 5.5.(4) Deleted reference to micro-sample spinning riffler inSection 5.6.(5) Replaced micro-sample splitter and micros-sample spin-ning riffler in Section 6.4 with sample

25、 splitter and samplespinning riffler.(6) Deleted reference to micro-sample splitter in Section 8.5.(7) Deleted reference to micro-sample spinning riffler inSection 8.6.(8) Replaced micro-sample splitter and micro-sample spin-ning riffler in Section 9.4 with sample splitter and samplespinning riffler

26、.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, ar

27、e entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standa

28、rdsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Commit

29、tee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B215084