ASTM B214-2007(2011) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders《金属粉末筛分分析的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: B214 07 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forSieve Analysis of Metal Powders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the dry sieve analysis of metalp

3、owders or mixed powders, using sieves with openings rangingfrom 45 to 1000 micrometers.1.2 This test method is based on a particular type ofmechanical sieve shaker (see 5.2). Other types of sieve shakersare also available, but their precision and reproducibility havenot been determined.1.3 The value

4、s stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf

5、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-FlowingMetal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter FunnelB215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of P

6、owder MetallurgyB329 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powdersand Compounds Using the Scott VolumeterB417 Test Method for Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney FunnelB703 Test Method for Apparent Density of Metal Powdersand Related Compounds Using the Arnold Met

7、erE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,and Screening Media2.2 MPIF Standard:MPIF 05 Determination of Sieve Analysis of Meta

8、l Pow-ders33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUseful definitions of terms relating topowder metallurgy are found in B243 and those relating tosieve analysis are found in E1638.4. Significance and Use4.1 The particle size distribution of a metal powder affectsits behavior in P/M processing and other applic

9、ations of thesematerials. The test method may be part of the purchaseagreement between powder supplier and user, or it may be aninternal quality control test for either.5. Apparatus5.1 SievesSelect a set of standard sieves from the tableentitled, “Nominal Dimensions, Permissible Variations forWire C

10、loth of Standard Test Sieves (U.S.A.) Standard Sieves,”of Specification E11, or the equivalent Tyler standard sieves.The sieves shall be 200 mm (8 in.) in diameter and either 25 or50 mm (1 or 2 in.) in depth, and fitted with bronze, brass,stainless steel, or other suitable wire cloth. The U.S. sieve

11、sgiven in the table entitled, “U.S. Standard Series Test Sievesand Equivalent Tyler Standard Sieves,” of this test methodshall conform to Specification E11. If Tyler standard sieves aresubstituted, they shall conform to the permissible variationsgiven in the table entitled, “Nominal Dimensions, Perm

12、issibleVariations for Wire Cloth of Standard Test Sieves (U.S.A.)Standard Sieves” of Specification E11.NOTE 1The new U.S. Series standard sieves, adopted in 1970, are thepreferred sieves to use. The old U.S. Series standard sieves and equivalentsieves manufactured by other companies, such as Tyler,

13、may also be used1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1946. Last p

14、revious edition approved in 2007 as B214 07. DOI:10.1520/B0214-07R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM

15、website.3Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College RoadEast, Princeton, NJ 08540, http:/www.mpif.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.if the new U.S. Series is not available. Care should be

16、taken to make surethat sieve opening sizes are correct when performing standardizationwork.5.2 Sieve Shaker A mechanically operated, single eccen-tric sieve shaker shall be used that imparts to the set of sievesa rotary motion and a tapping action of uniform speed. Thenumber of rotations per minute

17、shall be between 270 and 300.The number of taps per minute shall be between 140 and 160.The hold down arm of the sieve shaker shall be fitted with ashock absorbing plug to receive the impact of the tappingdevice. The entire apparatus shall be rigidly mounted bybolting to a solid foundation, preferab

18、ly of concrete.NOTE 2Use of a sound proof enclosure is recommended.5.3 BalanceA balance having a capacity of at least 150 gand a sensitivity of 0.01 g.6. Test Specimen6.1 The size of the test specimen shall be 90 to 110 g for anymetal powder having an apparent density greater than or equalto 1.50 g/

19、cm3when determined in accordance with TestMethod B212, B329, B417,orB703. A specimen of 40 to 60g shall be used when the apparent density of the powder is lessthan 1.50 g/cm3. The test specimen should be obtained inaccordance with Practices B215.7. Procedure7.1 Examine the sieves to make sure that t

20、hey are notdamaged and are clean.7.2 Assemble the group of sieves selected in consecutiveorder by the size of their openings, with the coarsest sieve atthe top, the assembly being completed by a solid collecting panbelow the bottom sieve. Place the test specimen on the topsieve and close this sieve

21、with a solid cover. Then fasten thesieve assembly securely in the sieve shaker and operate themachine for a period of 15 minutes.NOTE 3For some materials, for example brittle and friable materials,the 15 minutes may be too long. Sieving time may be adjusted for suchmaterials, and the actual time use

22、d should be reported along with the testdata.7.3 Remove the screened fractions from the nest of sievesby removing the coarsest sieve from the nest, gently tapping itscontents to one side and pouring them upon a glazed paper.Brush any material adhering to the bottom surface of the sieveand the lower

23、frame with a soft brush into the next finer sieve.Tap the sieve just removed upside down, on the papercontaining the portion that had been retained on it, and brushthe back side of the sieve with the flat side of the brush so asto dislodge any particles that may have been wedged in thescreen opening

24、s, by pushing to the upper side of the screen.Weigh this fraction to the nearest 0.1 g and remove it from thebalance. Repeat this process for each sieve in the nest. Removethe fraction collected in the pan and weigh. The sum of themasses of all the fractions shall be not less than 99 % of themass of

25、 the test specimen.Add the difference between this sumand the mass of the test specimen (in accordance with Section6) to the mass of the fraction collected in the pan.NOTE 4If the sum is less than 99 %, check the condition of thescreens and the pan and also check for possible errors in weighing. Rep

26、eatthe test if error persists.8. Report8.1 Express the masses of the fractions retained on eachsieve, and the mass of the fraction collected in the pan, aspercentages of the mass of the test specimen to the nearest0.1 %, and report them in the form shown in Table 2. Reportany fraction that is less t

27、han 0.1 % of the mass of the testspecimen as “trace.” If a fraction is absent, report it as “0.0”.Report the actual time period of sieving, if it is different than15 minutes.8.2 Interpretation of this report should be made with refer-ence to Specification E11 in which the dimensional tolerancesof st

28、andard sieves are specified.TABLE 1 U.S. Standard Series Test Sieves and Equivalent TylerStandard SievesSieveNumberSieve Opening (m)New U.S.SeriesOld U.S.SeriesTyler Series20 850 841 83335 41740 425 420 60 250 250 25080 180 177 175100 150 149 147140 106 105 150 104200 75 74 74230 63 63 250 63325 45

29、44 45TABLE 2 Format for Reporting Test Data of a Typical 100-MeshPowderNew U.S. Standard SeriesParticle Size (m) Sieve Number%ByMass180 + 80 .# 180 150 80 + 100 .# 150 106 100 + 140 .# 106 75 140 + 200 .# 75 45 200 + 325 .# 45 325 .Old U.S. Standard SeriesParticle Size (m) Sieve Number % By Mass 177

30、 + 80 .# 177 149 80 + 100 .# 149 105 100 + 140 .# 105 74 140 + 200 .# 74 44 200 + 325 .# 44 325 .Tyler Standard Sieve SeriesParticle Size (m) Sieve Number % By Mass 175 + 80 .# 175 147 80 + 100 .# 147 104 100 + 150 .# 104 74 150 + 200 .# 74 45 200 + 325 .# 45 325 .B214 07 (2011)29. Precision and Bia

31、s49.1 Precision:9.1.1 An interlaboratory study of the sieve analysis of metalpowders was run in 1993 and 1994 using the procedurescontained in MPIF Standard 05 (1992). Each of twelvelaboratories made three tests on four powder samples usingeach of two sets of sieves. One set of sieves was a standard

32、 setthat was circulated to each laboratory in turn. A second set ofsieves was chosen by each laboratory from its in-house sievestock. Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysisof the data. The details are given in MPPA Research ReportMPPA R-05-95.39.1.2 There were five U.S. Series standa

33、rd sieves in eachsieve nest: 80 mesh, 100 mesh, 140 mesh, 200 mesh, and 325mesh plus a cover and a pan.9.1.3 The precision information given in 9.1.4-9.1.7 coversthe percent retained between any pair of sieves, the percentretained on the coarsest sieve, the percent passing the finestsieve, and the c

34、umulative percentages calculated from allsieves of greater openings above any sieve in the set.9.1.4 The 95 % repeatability limit, r, (within a laboratory) isrepresented by the equation:r 5 0.4 1 0.03 3 SF (1)where SF is the % retained on the sieve of interest.9.1.5 The 95 % reproducibility limit, R

35、, (between laborato-ries) is smaller for the circulated sieves than for the in-housesieves. For in-house sieves R can be calculated from thefollowing equations:R 5 1.2 1 0.15 3 SF for SFfrom0to22 (2)R 5 4.5 for SF from 22.1 to 50 (3)where SF is the % retained on the sieve of interest.For circulated

36、sieves (or by analogy matched sieves obtainedby two laboratories) R can be calculated from the followingequations:R 5 0.3 1 0.064 3 SF for SFfrom0to30 (4)R 5 2.2 for SF from 30.1 to 50 (5)Where SF is the % retained on the sieve of interest.9.1.6 Duplicate results from the same laboratory should beco

37、nsidered acceptable at the 95 % confidence level unless theydiffer by more than r, the repeatability interval.9.1.7 Duplicate results from the different laboratories shouldbe considered acceptable at the 95 % confidence level unlessthey differ by more than R, the reproducibility interval.9.2 BiasNo

38、information can be presented on bias in TestMethod B214 for sieve analysis since there are no universallyaccepted standard sieves.9.3 Measurement uncertaintyThe precision of this testmethod shall be considered by those performing the test whenreporting results.10. Keywords10.1 mesh designation numbe

39、r; particle size; screened frac-tion; sieves; Tyler; U.S. standard seriesAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CERTIFIED SIEVESMASTER SETX1.1 Sieves conforming to Specification E11 can beobtained from the sieve manufacturers, and arrangements canbe made through them to have the sieves certified by

40、 theNational Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly theNational Bureau of Standards).5If used continually, the sieveswill, after a period of time, become less accurate and might nolonger be acceptable as certified sieves. The common practice,which would be considered acceptable according to

41、 thisstandard, would be to use the certified sieves as a master set forchecking other working sets of sieves. By comparing sievetests on the same sample, run in both the master set and theworking set, a factor can be established for correcting resultson the working sieves.4The precision contained in

42、 this standard was determined by the Metal PowderProducers Association Standards Committee of the Metal Powder IndustriesFederation for MPIF Standard 05. The precision is used herein with the permissionof the Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Road East, Princeton,NJ085406692, USA.5Cont

43、act the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD20899.B214 07 (2011)3X2. MATCHED SIEVESX2.1 The use of a matched set of sieves, establishedthrough use of a standard powder, is recommended when closercorrelation of tests between supplier and consumer is desired.X3. SIEVE SERIE

44、S GUIDELINESX3.1 Suggested combinations of sieves are given in TableX3.1 for several nominal mesh size metal powders.TABLE X3.1 Suggested Sieve Series for Metal PowdersNominalPowderMesh Size20 40 60 100 140 200 325New U.S.20 UU40 USieve60 UU80 USeries100 UUUUU140 UU U200 UUUUU U230 UU325 UUUUUUPan U

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48、ee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).B214 07 (2011)4