ANSI ISO 2382-2-1976 Data processing - Vocabulary - Section 02 Arithmetic and logic operations Traitement de I information - Vocabulaire - Chapitre 02 Operations arithmetiques et.pdf

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1、 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION l MEXKAYHAPOAHAJI OPTAHM3ALUUI I-IO CTAHAAPTM3AUMW -ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Data processing - Vocabulary - Section 02 : Arithmetic and logic operations First edition - 1976-05-15 Traiteme

2、nt de Iinformation - Vocabulaire - Chapitre 02 : Operations arithmetiques et logiques Premiere Edition - 1976-05-15 UDC/CDU 681.3.04 : 001.4 Ref. No./Rbf. no : ISO 2382/ll-1976 (E/F) Descriptors : data processing, arithmetical operations, logic operations, boolean operations, numbers, measurement ch

3、aracteristics, vocabu- Iary/Descripteurs : traitement de Iinformation, Operation arithmetique, Operation logique, Operation booleenne, nombre, caracteristique de mesurage, vocabulaire. Price based on 31 pages/Prix base sur 31 pages Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technolog

4、y Standards) as an American National Standard.Date of ANSI Approval: 1/13/99Published by American National Standards Institute,25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036Copyright 2002 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI).All rights reserved.These materials are subject to copyright cla

5、ims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council(ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic

6、retrieval system, withoutthe prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,Washington, DC 20005.Printed in the United States of AmericaCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot

7、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards institutes (ISO Member Bodies). The work of developing International Standards is carried out through ISO

8、Technical Committees. Every Member Body interested in a subject for which a Technical Committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that Committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Stan

9、dards adopted by the Technical Committees are circulated to the Member Bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. International Standard ISO 2382/ll (originally ISO/DIS 2763) was drawn up by Technical Committee lSO/TC 97, Computers and information proc

10、essing, and circulated to the Member Bodies in March 1974. lt has been approved by the Member Bodies of the following countries : Australia Italy Belgium Japan Brazil Mexico Czechoslovakia Poland France Romania Germany South Africa, Rep. of Hungary Spain Ireland Sweden The Member Body of on technica

11、l grounds : Switzerland Thailand Turkey United Kingdom U.S.A. U.S.S. R. Yugoslavia the following country expressed disapproval of the document Netherlands 0 International Organkation for Standardkation, 1976 l Printed in Switzerland Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS und

12、er license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AVANT-PROPOS LISO (Organisation Internationale de Normalisation) est une federation mondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (Comites Membres ISO). Lelaboration de Normes Internationales est

13、 confiee aux Comites Techniques ISO. Chaque Comite Membre interesse par une etude a Ie droit de faire Partie du Comite Technique correspondant. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec IISO, participent egalement aux travaux. Les Projets de Normes

14、Internationales adoptes par les Comites Techniques sont soumis aux Comites Membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes Internationales par Ie Conseil de IISO. La Norme Internationale ISO 2382/1 I (precedemment ISO/DIS 2763) a et6 etablie par Ie Comite Technique ISO/TC 97, Calculate

15、urs et traitement de linformation, et soumise aux Comites Membres en mars 1974. Elle a et6 approuvee par les Comites Membres des pays suivants : Afrique du Sud, Rep. d Irlande Suisse Allemagne Italie Tchkoslovaquie Australie Japon Thailande Belgique Mexique Turquie Brki I Pologne U. R.S.S. Espagne R

16、oumakie U.S.A. France Royaume-Uni Yougoslavie Hongrie Suede Le Comite techniques Membre du pays suivant a desapprouve Ie document pour des Pays-Bas raisons 0 Organisation Internationale de Normalisation, 1976 l Imprimb en Suisse Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under l

17、icense with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Data processing gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both intellectual and material nature. These exchanges often become difficult, either because of the great variety of terms used in var

18、ious fields or languages to express the same concept, or because of the absence of or the imprecision of useful concepts. To avoid misunderstandings due to this Situation and to facilitate such exchanges, it is advisable to select terms to be used in various languages or in various countries to expr

19、ess the same concept and to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages. In accordance with the directions given to the ISO Sub-Committee in Charge of the Vocabulary, the work on it has been mainly based on the usage to be found in the Vocabu

20、lary o f in forma tion processing * established and published by the International Federation for Information Processing and the International Computation Centre, and in the USA Standard vocabulary for informa tion processing established, published and revised by the American National Standards Inst

21、itute. The Sub-Committee also considered various international documents or drafts issued by ISO Technical Committee 97 and its Sub-Committees and other international organizations (such as the International Telecommunication Union) and national drafts or Standards. The definitions have been drawn u

22、p with the objective of achieving a proper balance between precision and simplicity. The main objective of this Vocabulary is to provide definitions that tan be understood to have the same meaning by all concerned. lt may thus be felt that some definitions are not sufficiently precise, do not includ

23、e all cases, do not take into account certain exceptions, or are in conflict with established uses in particular fields of application. In addition, the Vocabulary consists of several sections prepared over a long period of time and it may be that the preparation of the later sections introduces inc

24、onsistencies with the earlier ones. These imperfections will be eliminated as far as possible in later editions. This procedure allows for immediate publication of needed sections and permits an element of flexibility in the preparation of a comprehensive vocabulary in view of the dynamics of langua

25、ge. * North Holland Publishing Company - AMSTERDAM 1966 iV Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Le traitement de Iinformation donne lieu 5 de tres nombreux echanges in

26、ternationaux dordre intellectuel ou materiel qui sont souvent rendus difficiles soit par Ia diversite des termes employes dans differents milieux ou dans differentes langues pour exprimer une meme notion, soit par Iabsence ou Iimprecision des definitions des notions utiles. Pour eviter les malentend

27、us ayant leur origine dans Ie vocabulaire et faciliter les echanges, il convient de proceder a un choix des termes a employer dans les differentes langues ou dans les differents pays pour designer Ia meme notion, et de rediger des definitions assurant une equivalence pratiquement satisfaisante entre

28、 ces differents termes. Conformement aux directives recues par Ie Sous-Comite de IISO Charge de Ietude du Vocabulaire, les travaux correspondants ont et6 essentiellement bases sur Iusage codifie dans Ie Vocabulary of information processing” etabli et publik par 11 nternational Federation for I nform

29、ation Processing et Ie Centre International de Calcul, et dans Ie USA Standard vocabulary for information processing etabli, public et revise par IAmerican National Standards Institute. Le Sous-Comite sest appuye en outre sur diffkents documents ou projets internationaux issus du Comite Technique 97

30、 de IISO et de ses Sous-Cqmites ou dautres organisations internationales (telles que IUnion Internationale des Telecommunications), ainsi que sur des normes ou projets nationaux. Les definitions ont 6th concues de facon teile quun equilibre raisonnable entre Ia precision et Ia simplicite seit attein

31、t. Lobjectif principal de ce Vocabulaire est de fournir des definitions qui puissent etre reconnues comme ayant Ie meme sens par tout Iecteur concerne. Quelques definitions peuvent donc sembler insuffisamment precises, ne pas inclure tous les cas, ne pas tenir campte de certaines exceptions ou etre

32、en contradiction avec les usages etablis dans des domaines dapplication particul iers. De plus, Ie Vocabulaire est constitue de plusieurs chapitres dont Ielaboration sest kalbe sur une grande Periode de temps, et Ia realisation de nouveaux chapitres peut introduire des incoherences dans les anciens

33、chapitres. Ces imperfections seront eliminees dans Ia mesure du possible dans les editions ulterieures. Cette procedure permet de publier rapidement les chapitres les plus attendus et introduit un 6l6ment de souplesse dans Ia realisation dun vocabulaire etendu et devant sadapter a Ia dynamique de Ia

34、 langue. * North Holland Publishing Company - AMSTERDAM 1966 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTS Page 1 General. 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Scope. 1.3 Field of app

35、lication 2 Principles and rules followed 2.1 Definition of an entry . 2.2 Organization of an entry 2.3 Classification of entries . 2.4 Selection of terms and wording of definitions. . 2.5 Multiple meanings . 2.6 Abbreviations 2.7 Use of parentheses 2.8 Use of (Square) brackets . 2.9 Use of terms pri

36、nted in italic typeface in definitions and use of asterisks . 2.10 Spelling 2.11 Organization of the alphabetical index . 3 Terms and definitions 02 Arithmetic and logic operations 02.01 Methods . 02.02 Representation of variables . 02.03 Numbers . 02.04 Functions and mapping 02.05 Boolean operation

37、s . 02.06 Precision, accuracy and errors 02.07 Arithmetic operations 02.08 Operator notations in mathematics 02.09 Processing of numbers and quantities . 02.10 Operations - General terms. 02.11 Shifts 02.12 Tables and diagrams . Annexes A Table of monadic Boolean operations . B Table of dyadic Boole

38、an operations . C Additional terms. . 4 Alphabetical index English French 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 . 4 6 7 10 11 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 28 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w

39、ithout license from IHS-,-,-SOMMAIRE Page 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 Generalites 1.1 I ntroduction 1.2 Objet. 1.3 Domaine dappl ication . 2 Principes detablissement et regles suivies 2.1 Definition de Iarticle 2.2 Constitution dun article 2.3 Classification des articles 2.4 Choix des termes et des

40、definitions . 2.5 Pluralite de sens ou polysemie . 2.6 Abreviations 2.7 Emploi des parentheses . 2.8 Emploi des crochets 2.9 Emploi dans les definitions de termes ecrits en caracteres italiques et de Iasterisque . 2.10 Mode decriture et orthographe 2.11 Constitution de Iindex alphabetique 3 Termes e

41、t definitions 02 Operations arithmetiques et logiques . 02.01 Methodes . 02.02 Representations des variables 02.03 Nombres . 02.04 Fonctions et appl ications . 02.05 Operations booleennes 02.06 Precision, exactitude et erreurs. . 02.07 Operations arithmetiques . 02.08 Notations des operations mathem

42、atiques 02.09 Traitement des nombres et des grandeurs 02.10 Operations - Termes generaux 02.11 Decalages . 02.12 Tables et diagrammes . Annexes A Tableau des operations booleennes monadiques . B Tableau des operations booleennes diadiques C Termes complementaires . 4 Index alphabetiques Anglais Fran

43、cais , 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 6 7 IO 11 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 28 . . VII Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This page intentionally left blank Copyright American Natio

44、nal Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 2382/1 I-l976 (E/F) Data processing - Vocabulary - Section 02 : Arithmetic and logic operations 1 GENERAL

45、 1.1 Introduction This section of the Vocabulary (which will comprise some twenty sections) deals with concepts often used in data processing that are related to mathematics and logic. Concepts concerning numerical quantities are dealt with in the light of the computing methods that may be used with

46、 them. This section deals with general terms concerning the arithmetic operations and logic operations. Tables of dyadic and monadic Boolean operations are attached to this section (annexes A and B); the tables contain symbolic representations of these operations but their purpose is neither to stan

47、dardire the Symbols of Boolean operations nor to set a precedent. Definitions of a number of ad- ditional terms, relating to pure mathematics, are given in annex C. 1.2 scope The Vocabulary is intended to facilitate international communication in data processing. It presents, in two languages, terms

48、 and definitions of selected concepts relevant to the field of data processing and identifies relationships between the entries. In Order to facilitate their translation into other languages, the definitions are drafted so as to avoid, as far as possible, any peculiarity attached to a language. 1.3

49、Field of application The Vocabulary deals with the main areas of data processing, including the principal processes and types of equipment used, the representation, organization and presentation of data, the programming and Operation of Computers, input/output devices and peripheral equipment, as weil as particular applications. 2 PRINCIPLES AND RULES FOLLOWED The sub-clauses under this