API STD 53-2012 Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells (Fourth Edition Addendum 1 July 2016)《钻井用爆裂预防设备系统》.pdf

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1、Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling WellsAPI STANDARD 53FOURTH EDITION, NOVEMBER 2012ADDENDUM 1, JULY 2016Blowout Prevention EquipmentSystems for Drilling WellsUpstream SegmentAPI STANDARD 53FOURTH EDITION, NOVEMBER 2012ADDENDUM 1, JULY 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily add

2、ress problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or impli

3、ed, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consu

4、ltants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Ins

5、titute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API pu

6、blications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and public

7、ation of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standar

8、d. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employi

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10、isher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2012 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or pro

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12、,” as used in this standard, denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required inorder to conform to the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated

13、 as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Was

14、hington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years

15、may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be s

16、ubmitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Purpose

17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Well Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 BOP Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Equipment Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 Extreme High- and Low-temperature Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 BOP Pressure Sealing Components . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 Flanges and Hubs . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 Bolting, Flanges, and Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.4 Ring-j

24、oint Gaskets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.5 External Pressure Effects on Ring-joint Gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

25、4.6 Subsea Wellhead Connector and Wellhead Gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.7 Subsea Lower Marine Riser Package Connector and Gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.8 Subsea Choke and Kill Lines

26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.9 Wetted Elastomeric Sealing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.10 Fluid Service Conditio

27、ns for Wetted Sealing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.11 Nonwetted Elastomeric Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.12 Equipment Marking and Storage. . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Blowout Preventers for Hydrogen Sulfide Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.1 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.2 Equipment Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Surface BOP S

30、ystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.1 Surface BOP Stack Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.2 C

31、hoke Manifolds, Choke Lines, and Kill Lines-Surface BOP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.3 Control Systems for Surface BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.4 Auxiliary Equipment . . . . .

32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.5 Maintenance and Testing-Surface BOP Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Subsea BOP Systems . . . .

33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.1 Subsea BOP Stack Arrangements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.2 Choke Manifolds

34、, Choke Lines, and Kill Lines-Subsea BOP Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517.3 Discrete Hydraulic Control Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.4 Electro-hydraulic and Multiplex Control Systems for Subsea

35、BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677.5 Auxiliary Equipment for Subsea BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.6 Maintenance and Testing-Subsea BOP Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Annex A (informative) Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Annex B (normative) Failure Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Annex C (informative) Accumulator Precharge Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Annex D (normative) Acoustic System Field Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111vContentsPageBibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Figures1 Example Choke Manifold Assembly for 2K and 3K Rated Workin

39、g Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Example Choke Manifold Assembly for 5K Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Example Choke Manifold Assembly for 10K or Greater Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Example Kill Line Assembly for 2K and 3K Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Example Kill Line Assem

42、bly for 5K and Greater Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Example Kill Line Assembly for 5K and Greater Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Example Standpipe Choke Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Example Illustration of Surface B

44、OP Ram Space-out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Example Choke and Kill Manifold for Subsea Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5210 Example Riser-mounted Kill and Choke Lines for Subsea BOP In

45、stallations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5511 Example Subsea BOP Stack Illustrating Optional Locations for Choke/Kill Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5612 Example Flexible Connection at the Top of Marine Riser for Choke/Kill Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

46、13 Example Flexible Connection at the Bottom of Marine Riser for Kill/Choke Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5814 Example Illustration of Subsea Ram BOP Space-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96A.1 Surface BOP Function Test Worksheet .

47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100A.2 Surface BOP Drawdown Test Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101A.3 Subsea Function Test Worksheet . . . . . . . .

48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102A.4 Subsea BOP Field Drawdown Test Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Tables1 Surface BOP Pressure Designations . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Pressure Test, Surface BOP Systems, Initial Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Pressure Test, Surface BOP Systems, Subsequent Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Example Surface MEWSP Calculations Given Well and Equipment-specific Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Subsea BOP Pressure Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .