1、Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling WellsAPI STANDARD 53FOURTH EDITION, NOVEMBER 2012ADDENDUM 1, JULY 2016Blowout Prevention EquipmentSystems for Drilling WellsUpstream SegmentAPI STANDARD 53FOURTH EDITION, NOVEMBER 2012ADDENDUM 1, JULY 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily add
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15、may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be s
16、ubmitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Purpose
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Well Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 BOP Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Equipment Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 Extreme High- and Low-temperature Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 BOP Pressure Sealing Components . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 Flanges and Hubs . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 Bolting, Flanges, and Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.4 Ring-j
24、oint Gaskets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.5 External Pressure Effects on Ring-joint Gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
25、4.6 Subsea Wellhead Connector and Wellhead Gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.7 Subsea Lower Marine Riser Package Connector and Gasket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.8 Subsea Choke and Kill Lines
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.9 Wetted Elastomeric Sealing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.10 Fluid Service Conditio
27、ns for Wetted Sealing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.11 Nonwetted Elastomeric Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.12 Equipment Marking and Storage. . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Blowout Preventers for Hydrogen Sulfide Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.1 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.2 Equipment Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Surface BOP S
30、ystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.1 Surface BOP Stack Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.2 C
31、hoke Manifolds, Choke Lines, and Kill Lines-Surface BOP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.3 Control Systems for Surface BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.4 Auxiliary Equipment . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296.5 Maintenance and Testing-Surface BOP Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Subsea BOP Systems . . . .
33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.1 Subsea BOP Stack Arrangements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487.2 Choke Manifolds
34、, Choke Lines, and Kill Lines-Subsea BOP Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517.3 Discrete Hydraulic Control Systems for Subsea BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547.4 Electro-hydraulic and Multiplex Control Systems for Subsea
35、BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677.5 Auxiliary Equipment for Subsea BOP Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767.6 Maintenance and Testing-Subsea BOP Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Annex A (informative) Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Annex B (normative) Failure Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Annex C (informative) Accumulator Precharge Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Annex D (normative) Acoustic System Field Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111vContentsPageBibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Figures1 Example Choke Manifold Assembly for 2K and 3K Rated Workin
39、g Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Example Choke Manifold Assembly for 5K Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Example Choke Manifold Assembly for 10K or Greater Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Example Kill Line Assembly for 2K and 3K Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Example Kill Line Assem
42、bly for 5K and Greater Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Example Kill Line Assembly for 5K and Greater Rated Working Pressure Service-Surface BOP Installations
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Example Standpipe Choke Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Example Illustration of Surface B
44、OP Ram Space-out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Example Choke and Kill Manifold for Subsea Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5210 Example Riser-mounted Kill and Choke Lines for Subsea BOP In
45、stallations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5511 Example Subsea BOP Stack Illustrating Optional Locations for Choke/Kill Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5612 Example Flexible Connection at the Top of Marine Riser for Choke/Kill Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
46、13 Example Flexible Connection at the Bottom of Marine Riser for Kill/Choke Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5814 Example Illustration of Subsea Ram BOP Space-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96A.1 Surface BOP Function Test Worksheet .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100A.2 Surface BOP Drawdown Test Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101A.3 Subsea Function Test Worksheet . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102A.4 Subsea BOP Field Drawdown Test Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Tables1 Surface BOP Pressure Designations . . . . . . . .
49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Pressure Test, Surface BOP Systems, Initial Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Pressure Test, Surface BOP Systems, Subsequent Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Example Surface MEWSP Calculations Given Well and Equipment-specific Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Subsea BOP Pressure Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
