专业八级-489及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-489 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Borrowing Books 1. To make sure that the book is (1) . 2. To find out where the book isconsult the catalogues cards arranged in alphabetical order: 1) in the centerthe authors name ( (2) comes first) 2)

2、 the top left hand cornerthe books number the class number ( (3) areas) the author number (exact book shelf) 3) the lower middle partthe title of the book, the edition 4) the bottomthe collation details ( (4) and maps) 3. (5) the borrowing slip. . Consulting Reference Materials Three types of materi

3、als: 1. reference books e.g. dictionaries bibliographieslisting all the (6) on a particular subject encyclopediasan/a (7) of a topic (clear, brief, authoritative) 2. valuable books e.g. old edition, a single copy, out-of print books 3. professional (8) or periodicals . General Study Three reasons: 1

4、. (9) working environment (spacious, well-lit, heated, free of charge) 2. access to reference books and possibility of discussing with other students 3. a chance to make (10) with others（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Whic

5、h of the following statements is INCORRECT about Armstrongs STAR?（分数：1.00）A.A stands for actions.B.T stands for titles.C.S stands for situations.D.R stands for results.(2).Armstrong suggests all the following preparations EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.looking at the mirror.B.practising simulated interviews.C.pra

6、ctising answering questions.D.finding some of your strong points.(3).What shall an interviewee do after the interview according to Armstrong?（分数：1.00）A.Wait for the recruiters notice.B.Revisit the recruiter for the result.C.Send a letter of thanks.D.Give the interviewer a call to confirm their resol

7、ution.(4).Interviewers nowadays are asking questions that are going to（分数：1.00）A.get at more specific things.B.get at more general things.C.get at more personal things.D.get at more public things.(5).When asking you to give a specific example of a time when a co-worker criticized your work, the inte

8、rviewers（分数：1.00）A.want to know about your temper.B.focus on your assertiveness.C.care about your teamwork skills.D.doubt about your honesty.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following statements about the case is CORRECT?（分数：1.00）A.Tommy Suharto was sentenced to 18 years in prison for the

9、murder of a judge.B.Prosecutors have decided against demanding a harsher sentence.C.The verdict will be handed down in a weeks time.D.Some legal experts doubt about Tommy Suhartos honesty.(2).In 2000, Tommy Suharto was convicted for（分数：1.00）A.murder.B.dishonesty.C.corruption.D.bribery.Questions 8 an

10、d 9 are based on the following news. （分数：2.00）(1).Who are NOT mentioned as people more likely to he exposed to lead?（分数：1.00）A.Automobile mechanics.B.Painters.C.Waiters.D.Heavy equipment mechanics.(2).Wijngaarden will further focus his research on whether（分数：1.00）A.there is a definite relationship b

11、etween high levels of lead and death.B.the patients with brain tumors have higher levels of lead in their bones.C.some workers have higher risks of developing brain cancers than others.D.higher levels of lead have a long-term effect on children over a lifetime.1.Question 10 is based on the following

12、 news. All of the following are measures suggested by Bush EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.developing and utilizing new sources of energy.B.reducing taxes on the working people of the US.C.encouraging to design and create new types of vehicles.D.cutting down US. oil imports from certain countries.五、PART READING CO

13、MPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Back in 2000, inspired by a desire to help those in need, Megan and Dennis Doyle of Minneapolis decided they wanted to do more than just volunteer or write a check. Instead, they took $30,000 of their own money and started a nonprofit called Hope for the City

14、. The organization collects corporate overstock and distributes it to nonprofits in the Twin Cities, nationwide, and internationally to 26 developing countries. Today the nonprofit has a $900, 000 operating budget and a 25,000 sq.ft. warehouse to store the donated items and has distributed nearly $3

15、80 million of in-kind merchandise since its inception. “This makes us feel like were a part of something a lot bigger than just the two of us,“ says Dennis, 54, who is CEO of a local commercial real estate firm. The Doyles are not alone in their desire to give back. There are more than 1 million 501

16、 (c) (3) charities like theirs, up nearly 70% from the 614,000 that existed a decade ago, according to Tom Pollak, program director with the National Center for Charitable Statistics at the Urban Institute. Organizations dedicated to education, disaster relief, job development, the environment and A

17、IDS are among todays “hot causes, “ says Phyllis McGrath, president of Philanthropy Management, a Fairfield, Conn., consulting firm that works with nonprofits nationwide. Fueling this growth are several factors: baby boomers with a social-entrepreneurship mind-set and added time in their lives to gi

18、ve back to their communities, such tragic events as Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina, and greater numbers of wealthy individuals with the funds to launch their own nonprofits. But starting a nonprofit is a Herculean effort, requiring patience and determination. It may take at least six months to a yea

19、r and as much as 30 to 40 hours a week to get an organization off the ground, McGrath says. Hiring an attorney experienced with nonprofits to handle statewide and federal applications is key. The 501 (c) (3) designation comes from the IRS (Internal Revenue Service), and nonprofits are expected to pr

20、ovide the government with such information as a mission statement, an idea of who will be assisted and by what methods, anticipated budget and board of directors, says Andrew Grumet, a lawyer representing nonprofits with the Manhattan firm Herrick, Feinstein, LLP. Accountants familiar with nonprofit

21、s can advise on how much of an investment can be made without affecting personal wealth. But even with the best of intentions, nonprofits have a high failure rate : only one-third survive beyond five years, says Stan Madden, director of the Center for Nonprofit Studies at the Hankamer School of Busi

22、ness at Baylor University in Waeo, Texas. The best approach is to start with a business plan. Research other organizations in the field to make sure there is no other group addressing the same cause. Consult with other charities to determine that there are constituents who can really use your servic

23、es. As McGrath notes, “Consider a realistic and doable niche that your organization can uniquely fill. “ That is just what Beth Shaw, 41, did. The owner of a $4 million company that trains yoga fitness instructors worldwide, Shaw used her knowledge of the market to launch Visionary Women in Fitness,

24、 which provides scholarships to underprivileged women so that they can train to become instructors. With a budget of just $30,000, the nonprofit, based in Hermosa Beach, Calif., is able to help 15 to 20 women a year learn a skill that can get them an entry-level job. “I have two homes and a successf

25、ul business, so many young women out there have nothing,“ says Shaw, who has donated $50,000 of her own money since she launched the charity in June 2004. “This was the time in my life to step up and start giving back. /（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is INCORRECT about Hope for the City?（分数：1.0

26、0）A.Its a nonprofit organization collecting corporate excessive supply.B.Its a nonprofit organization distributing donated items to other nonprofits.C.It was initiated by individuals desiring to do more than donating money.D.Its a nonprofit organization with few opportunities of secure investment.(2

27、).Which of the following does NOT make for the growth of charities?（分数：1.00）A.Baby boomers whore willing to give back to their communities.B.Hot causes dedicated to education, job development, the environment, etc.C.Tragic events like Sept. 11 and Hurricane Katrina.D.Wealthy people with the funds to

28、 launch their own nonprofits.(3).“Herculean“ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to（分数：1.00）A.of or relating to Hercules.B.characterized by requiring skill.C.characterized by requiring great strength.D.having a high degree of intelligence.(4).It can be concluded from the passage that（分数：1.0

29、0）A.hard work and good intentions dont guarantee the success of nonprofits.B.an experienced lawyer is the determining factor of the success of nonprofits.C.accountants will be helpful in deciding whether to invest in nonprofits.D.investing in nonprofits means a high risk of losing ones wealth.(5).Wh

30、ich category of writing does the passage belong to?（分数：1.00）A.Narration.B.Description.C.Persuasion.D.Exposition.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)“You dont have to wait for government to move. the really fantastic thing about Fairtrade is that you can go shopping ! “So said a representative of the Fairtrade mo

31、vement in a British newspaper. Similarly Marion Nestle, a nutritionist at New York University, argues that “when you choose organics, you are voting for a planet with fewer pesticides, richer soil and cleaner water supplies. “The idea that shopping is the new politics is certainly seductive. Never m

32、ind the ballot box: vote with your supermarket trolley instead. Elections occur relatively rarely, but you probably go shopping several times a month, providing yourself with lots of opportunities to express your opinions. If you are worried about the environment, you might buy organic food ; if you

33、 want to help poor farmers, you can do your bit by buying Fairtrade products; or you can express a dislike of evil multinational companies and rampant globalisation by buying only local produce. And the best bit is that shopping, unlike voting, is fun; so you can do good and enjoy yourself at the sa

34、me time. Sadly, its not that easy. There are good reasons to doubt the claims made about three of the most popular varieties of “ethical“ food: organic food, Fairtrade food and local food. People who want to make the world a better place cannot do so by shifting their shopping habits: transforming t

35、he planet requires duller disciplines, like politics. Organic food, which is grown without man-made pesticides and fertilisers, is generally assumed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional intensive farming, which is heavily reliant on chemical inputs. But it all depends on what you me

36、an by “environmentally friendly“. Farming is inherently bad for the environment: since humans took it up around 11,000 years ago, the result has been deforestation on a massive scale. But following the “.green revolution“of the 1960s greater use of chemical fertiliser has tripled grain yields with v

37、ery little increase in the area of land under cultivation. Organic methods, which rely on crop rotation, manure and compost in place of fertiliser, are far less intensive. So producing the worlds current agricultural output organically would require several times as much land as is currently cultiva

38、ted. There wouldnt be much room left for the rainforest. Fairtrade food is designed to raise poor fanners-incomes. It is sold at a higher price than ordinary food, with a subsidy passed back to the farmer. But prices of agricultural commodities are low because of overproduction. By propping up the p

39、rice, the Fairtrade system encourages farmers to produce more of these commodities rather than diversifying into other crops and so depresses pricesthus achieving, for most fanners, exactly the opposite of what the initiative is intended to do. And since only a small fraction of the mark-up on Fairt

40、rade foods actually goes to the farmermost goes to the retailerthe system gives rich consumers an inflated impression of their largesse and makes alleviating poverty seem too easy. Surely the ease for local food, produced as close as possible to the consumer in order to minimise “food miles“and, by

41、extension, carbon emissions, is clear? Surprisingly, it is not. A study of Britains food system found that nearly half of food-vehicle miles (ie, miles travelled by vehicles carrying food) were driven by cars going to and from the shops. Most people live closer to a supermarket than a farmers market

42、, so more local food could mean more food-vehicle miles. Moving food around in big, carefully packed lorries, as supermarkets do, may in fact be the most efficient way to transport the stuff. Whats more, once the energy used in production as well as transport is taken into account, local food may tu

43、rn out to be even less green. Producing lamb in New Zealand and shipping it to Britain uses less energy than producing British lamb, because farming in New Zealand is less energy-intensive. And the local-food movements aims, of course, contradict those of the Fairtrade movement, by discouraging rich

44、-country consumers from buying poor-country produce. But since the local-food movement looks suspiciously like oldfashioned protectionism masquerading as concern for the environment, helping poor countries is presumably not the point.（分数：5.00）(1).The passage suggests that Fairtrade movement（分数：1.00）

45、A.can offer help to needy farmers.B.encourages people to do less shopping.C.enables people to vote at any time.D.can provide people with more choices.(2).The authors attitude towards ethical food is one of（分数：1.00）A.impartial.B.optimistic.C.pessimistic.D.skeptical.(3).One of the disadvantages of org

46、anic food is that（分数：1.00）A.it might occupy woodland.B.it might use more fertilizers.C.it depends more on insects.D.it demands more efforts and water.(4).Which of the following is one of the blame local-food movement incurs?（分数：1.00）A.It intentionally increases carbon emissions.B.It is not beneficia

47、l to poor countries indeed.C.It reduces the use of carefully packed lorries.D.It discourages customers to buy good produce.(5).The best title for the passage might be（分数：1.00）A.Is There Clever Shopping?B.The Fairtrade Movement.C.“Ethical“ FoodGood Food?D.The New Politics.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In 18

48、30, only a few miles away from what is now the great city of Cincinnati, lay an immense and almost unbroken forest. The whole region was sparsely settled by people of the frontierrestless souls who no sooner had hewn fairly habitable homes out of the wilderness and attained to that degree of prosper

49、ity which today we should call indigence, then, impelled by some mysterious impulse of their nature, they abandoned all and pushed farther westward, to encounter new perils and privations in the effort to regain the meagre comforts which they had voluntarily renounced. Many of them had already forsaken that region for the remoter settlements, but among those remaining was one who had