【考研类试卷】英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编91及答案解析.doc

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1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 91 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_2.The first of our society is a gentleman of Worcestershire, of ancient descent, a baronet, his name Sir Roger de Coverley. His great-grandfather was inventor of that famous countrydance which is called after him. All w

2、ho know that shire are very well acquainted with the parts and merits of Sir Roger. He is a gentleman that is very singular in his behaviour, but his singularities proceed from his good sense, and are contradictions to the manners of the world only as he thinks the world is wrong. However, this humo

3、r creates him no enemies, for he does nothing with sourness or obstinacy; and his being unconfined to modes and forms makes him but the readier and more capable to please and oblige all who know him. When he is in town, he lives in Soho Square. It is said, he keeps himself a bachelor by reason he wa

4、s crossed in love by a perverse beautiful widow of the next county to him. Before this disappointment, Sir Roger was what you call a fine gentleman, had often supped with my Lord Rochester and Sir George Etherege, fought a duel upon his first coming to town, and kicked bully Dawson in a public coffe

5、e-house for calling him youngster. But being ill-used by the above-mentioned widow, he was very serious for a year and a half; and though, his temper being naturally jovial, he at last got over it, he grew careless of himself, and never dressed afterward. He continues to wear a coat and doublet of t

6、he same cut that were in fashion at the time of repulse, which, in his merry humours, he tells us, has been in and out twelve times since he first wore it. It is said Sir Roger grew humble in his desires after he had forgot his cruel beauty, insomuch that it is reported he has frequently offended wi

7、th beggars and gypsies; but this is looked upon, by his friends, rather as matter of raillery than truth. He is now in his fifty-sixth year, cheerful , gay and hearty; keeps a good house both in town and country; a great lover of mankind; but there is such a mirthful cast in his behaviour, that he i

8、s rather beloved than esteemed.（分数：2.00）_3.Honorable Your Excellencies Ministers and delegates, Honorable specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments, Ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to be present at the Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum along with mini

9、sters and delegates in charge of cultural affairs from 23 Asian countries as well as specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments. Looking all around, I see not only many acquaintances but also new faces. The mutual target of achieving Asian prosperity th

10、rough cultural cooperation offers us an opportunity to gather, to become acquainted and make friends. The theme of this Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum is “cultural Asia“ Culture resembles a gentle breeze and light rain that nurtures and enriches us; and it also serves as a strong tie that binds and

11、 links us. Entering the 21st century, the whole globe is carrying out discussions on preserving cultural diversity against the background of economic globalization. UNESCO“ Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, five international network meetings on cultural policies and two Asia-Europe Cultu

12、re Ministers Meetings gradually bring home to us the importance of regional cooperation to Asian development and the equal stress on politics, economy and culture. Asian countries therefore commence active explorations in regional cultural cooperation based on long-term bilateral cultural exchanges.

13、 Two Meetings of the Asian Ministers Responsible for Culture and Arts and the AMCA Plus Three, two Regional Expert Meetings and three Asia Cultural Cooperation Forums in Hong Kong were held in Asia. The past five year“ s was a development phrase of great importance in the world and Asian history of

14、culture and civilization, in which cultural ministers and officials present today participated to varying degrees. (282 words)（分数：2.00）_4.Today, on World Teachers“ Day, we pay homage to all teachers for their pivotal role in shaping children“ s lives and for their critical contribution to the social

15、, economic and intellectual development of nations. We take this opportunity to commend the efforts of teachers, especially female teachers, who accept to serve in high risk, deprived and disadvantaged areas, reaching out to the excluded, and bringing them the prospect of a better life through educa

16、tion. Teachers are also crucial to sustainable recovery and growth in post-conflict and emergency situations. We especially honour the memory and commitment of those teachers who have lost their lives in emergency situations. Teachers provide continuity and reassurance, both during and after natural

17、 disasters and other crises. By giving hope for the future, they help to mitigate the effects of conflict, disaster and displacement. They provide much-needed psycho-social support to ease the trauma of children and youth who have witnessed extreme violence, or lived through the destruction of their

18、 homes and the loss of family members. Supporting teachers in post-crisis situations is an investment in peace and development. Low status, low salary and poor working conditions infringe on the rights of teachers whilst discouraging talented young people from joining and remaining in the teaching p

19、rofession. The quality of teacher training is equally important. Teachers who are well-trained and adequately paid are better equipped to provide a decent education and be active promoters of the values of citizenship, peace and intercultural dialogue. Governments are therefore urged to continue inv

20、esting in viable national policies and programmes for teacher training, recruitment, and incentives so that teachers remain and develop within the profession. At the same time, we urge development partners to support governments, particularly in developing countries, in their determination to invest

21、 in well trained teachers. We also call for greater efforts and structures of social dialogue that give teachers a voice in decision-making through their democratically elected organizations. (318 words)（分数：2.00）_5.Economies of scope are conceptually similar to economies of scale. Whereas economies

22、of scale for a firm primarily refers to reductions in the average cost (cost per unit) associated with increasing the scale of production for a single product type, economies of scope refers to lowering the average cost for a firm in producing two or more products. Here, economies of scope make prod

23、uct diversification efficient if they are based on the common and recurrent use of proprietary know-how or on an indivisible physical asset. For example, as the number of products promoted is increased, more people can be reached per unit of money spent. At some point, additional advertising expendi

24、ture on new products may become less effective ( an example of diseconomies of scope). Related examples include distribution of different types of products, product bundling, product lining, and family branding. If a sales force sells several products, it can often do so more efficiently than if it

25、is selling only one product. The cost of its travel time is distributed over a greater revenue base, so cost efficiency improves. There can also be synergies between products such that offering a range of products gives the consumer a more desirable product offering than would a single product. Econ

26、omies of scope can also operate through distribution efficiencies: it can be more efficient to ship a range of products to any given location than to ship a single type of product to that location. Further economies of scope occur when there are cost savings arising from byproducts in the production

27、 process. An example would be the benefits of heating from energy production having a positive effect on agricultural yields. A company that sells many product lines sells in many countries, or both will benefit from reduced risk levels as a result of its economies of scope. If one of its product li

28、nes falls out of fashion or if one country has an economic slowdown, the company will likely be able to continue trading. Not all economists agree on the importance of economies of scope. Some argue that the concept applies only to certain industries, and then only rarely.（分数：2.00）_6.Whatever their

29、political party, American leaders have generally subscribed to one of two competing economic philosophies. One is a small-government Jeffersonian perspective that abhors bigness and holds that prosperity flows from competition among independent businessmen, farmers and other producers. The other is

30、a Hamiltonian agenda that believes a large, powerful country needs large, powerful organizations. The most important of those organizations is the federal government, which serves as a crucial partner to private enterprise, building roads and schools, guaranteeing loans and financing scientific rese

31、arch in ways that individual businesses would not. Today, of course, Republicans are the Jeffersonians and Democrats are the Hamiltonians. But it hasn“t always been so. The Jeffersonian line includes Andrew Jackson, the leaders of the Confederacy , William Jennings Bryan, Louis Brandeis, Barry Goldw

32、ater and Ronald Reagan. The Hamiltonian line includes George Washington, Henry Clay, Abraham Lincoln, William McKinley, both Roosevelts and Dwight Eisenhower. Michael Lind“s “Land of Promise“ uses this divide to offer an ambitious economic history of the United States, The book is rich with details

33、more than a few of them surprising and its subject is central to what is arguably the single most impotent question facing the country today: How can our economy grow more quickly, more sustainably and more equitably than it has been growing, both to maintain the United States“ position as the world

34、“s pre-eminent power and to improve the lives of its citizens? Lind, a founder of the New America Foundation in Washington and the author of several political histories, acknowledges from the beginning that his thesis will make some readers uncomfortable. “In the spirit of philosophical bipartisansh

35、ip, it would be pleasant to conclude that each of these traditions of political economy has made its own valuable contribution to the success of the A-merican economy and that the vector created by these opposing forces has been more beneficial than the complete victory of either would have been,“ h

36、e writes. “ But that would not be true,“ he continues. “ What is good about the American economy is largely the result of the Hamiltonian developmental tradition, and what is bad about it is largely the result of the Jeffersonian producerist school. “（分数：2.00）_英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 91 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90

37、 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）_解析：2.The first of our society is a gentleman of Worcestershire, of ancient descent, a baronet, his name Sir Roger de Coverley. His great-grandfather was inventor of that famous countrydance which is called after him. All who know that shire are very well acqu

38、ainted with the parts and merits of Sir Roger. He is a gentleman that is very singular in his behaviour, but his singularities proceed from his good sense, and are contradictions to the manners of the world only as he thinks the world is wrong. However, this humor creates him no enemies, for he does

39、 nothing with sourness or obstinacy; and his being unconfined to modes and forms makes him but the readier and more capable to please and oblige all who know him. When he is in town, he lives in Soho Square. It is said, he keeps himself a bachelor by reason he was crossed in love by a perverse beaut

40、iful widow of the next county to him. Before this disappointment, Sir Roger was what you call a fine gentleman, had often supped with my Lord Rochester and Sir George Etherege, fought a duel upon his first coming to town, and kicked bully Dawson in a public coffee-house for calling him youngster. Bu

41、t being ill-used by the above-mentioned widow, he was very serious for a year and a half; and though, his temper being naturally jovial, he at last got over it, he grew careless of himself, and never dressed afterward. He continues to wear a coat and doublet of the same cut that were in fashion at t

42、he time of repulse, which, in his merry humours, he tells us, has been in and out twelve times since he first wore it. It is said Sir Roger grew humble in his desires after he had forgot his cruel beauty, insomuch that it is reported he has frequently offended with beggars and gypsies; but this is l

43、ooked upon, by his friends, rather as matter of raillery than truth. He is now in his fifty-sixth year, cheerful , gay and hearty; keeps a good house both in town and country; a great lover of mankind; but there is such a mirthful cast in his behaviour, that he is rather beloved than esteemed.（分数：2.

44、00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 我们协会首先要介绍的是来自伍斯特郡的一位绅士，古老男爵家族的克罗伊的罗杰爵士。他的曾祖父发明了一种著名的乡村舞蹈，并以自己的名字命名，这就是克里维的罗杰爵士舞。凡是熟悉那一带地方的人都十分了解罗杰爵士的才干和建树。罗杰爵士行为异于常人，但这是由于他见解通达，只有当他认为世界不公时，才会背世道而行事。然而，这种幽默并没有使他树敌，这是因为罗杰爵士从不满腹牢骚或固执己见，这种不拘泥于条条框框的行事风格反尔更容易使了解他的人喜欢并追随他。罗杰爵士在镇子里的时候，居住在索霍广场。他一生未娶，据说是因为曾经爱上邻镇一个漂亮却邪恶的寡妇。在那次情场失意之前，罗杰爵士是人们眼

45、中标准的好绅士，他同罗彻斯特伯爵和乔治艾塞利基爵士共进晚餐，在第一次进城时参与决斗，还在公共咖啡厅收拾过喊他“小毛孩”的恶人道森。可是，自从被前面提到的寡妇利用后，整整一年半的时间，罗杰都情绪低沉，尽管天性开朗的他最终放下了这段感情，但自此之后，他变得得过且过，不修边幅。罗杰还开心的打趣说，他当时穿的紧身内衣加外套非常时尚，而自他穿上那天起到现在，这种搭配已经在时尚界起起落落了十二次了。据说，罗杰爵士放下了那个残忍的美丽寡妇之后，变得无欲无求，也有人说罗杰爵士经常会冒犯乞丐和吉普赛人，不过朋友们都认为这是善意的玩笑，并非属实。罗杰爵士今年五十六岁，是一个轻松、快乐、健壮的老人，在镇上和乡下都有

46、很好的房子，他的一举一动仿佛都能给人带来欢笑，与其说尊重，倒不如说我们爱戴这位老人。)解析：3.Honorable Your Excellencies Ministers and delegates, Honorable specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments, Ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to be present at the Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum along with

47、 ministers and delegates in charge of cultural affairs from 23 Asian countries as well as specially invited guests of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region governments. Looking all around, I see not only many acquaintances but also new faces. The mutual target of achieving Asian prosperity through cultural cooperation offers us an opportunity to gather, to become acquainted and make friends. The theme of this Cultural Asia Ministerial Forum is “cultural Asia“ Culture res