【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(四)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. (1) that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still (2) in th

2、eir minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U.S. history, on (3) TV. Anyone who didnt know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made (4) worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our (5) to work together before everything g

3、oes to hell.Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the (6) condition. In A.D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work ()7 , in the same spotuntil they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a (8) of the past

4、year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at (9) themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we (10) did about the dangers we face. But it turns (11) that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is (12) the storm, the quake or the (13) itself. More often,

5、it is ourselves. So what has happened in the year that (14) the disaster on the Gulf Coast. In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the floodwalls. They have got the walls to (15) they were before Katrina, more or less. Thats not (16) , we can now say with con

6、fidence. But it may be all (17) can be expected from one year of hustle.Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to (18) the sick and the disabled. The city estimates that 15,000 people will need a (19) out. However, state officials have not yet determined where t

7、hese people will be taken. The (20) with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.（分数：50.00）(1).A. To B. By C. On D. For（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. fresh B. obvious C. apparent D. evident（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. visual B. vivid C. live D. lively（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. little B. less C. more D. m

8、uch（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. reluctance B. rejection C. denial D. decline（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. natural B. world C. social D. human（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. revising B. refining C. rebuilding D. retrieving（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. review B. reminder C. concept D. prospect（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. preparing

9、 B. protesting C. protecting D. prevailing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. never B. ever C. then D. before（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. up B. down C. over D. out（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. merely B. rarely C. incidentally D. accidentally（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. surge B. spur C. surf D. splash（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A

10、. ensued B. traced C. followed D. occurred（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. which B. where C. what D. when（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. enough B. certain C. conclusive D. final（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. but B. as C. that D. those（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. exile B. evacuate C. dismiss D. displace（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).

11、A. ride B. trail C. path D. track（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. conventions B. notifications C. communications D. negotiations（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, rather than about the future. These reminiscences are not simply ra

12、ndom or trivial memories, (1) is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old persons recollections of the past help to (2) an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (3) any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (4) to the future, the individual mentions their (5) as

13、 a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) living. (7) , the memories form part of a continuing life (8) , in which the old person (9) the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10) on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) to its close,

14、the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12) this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) . As adults, many of us find the topic frightening and are (15) t

15、o think about it and certainly not to talk about it (16) the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17) only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18) the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) o

16、ur control; it is almost the only of the natural processes (20) is so.（分数：50.00）(1).A. so B. even C. nor D. hardly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. preserve B. conserve C. resume D. assume（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. performing B. playing C. undertaking D. lacking（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. orientation B. implication

17、C. succession D. presentation（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. present B. past C. experience D. fate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. worthy B. worth C. worthless D. worthwhile（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. In a word B. In brief C. In addition D. In particular（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. prospect B. impetus C. impression D. review

18、（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. integrates B. incorporates C. includes D. interacts（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. reckons B. counts C. reflects D. conceives（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. keeps B. draws C. inclines D. tends（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. Therefore B. And C. Yet D. Otherwise（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. taboo B. dis

19、pute C. contempt D. neglect（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. notorious B. indecent C. obscure D. desperate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. ready B. willing C. liable D. reluctant（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. at B. on C. with D. in（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. status B. circumstance C. environment D. priority（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(

20、18).A. encounter B. confront C. tolerate D. expose（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. under B. above C. beyond D. within（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. which B. what C. as D. that（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(四)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)Historically, humans get serious about

21、 avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. (1) that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still (2) in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U.S. history, on (3) TV. Anyone who didnt kn

22、ow it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made (4) worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our (5) to work together before everything goes to hell.Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the (6) condition. In A.D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damag

23、ed by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work ()7 , in the same spotuntil they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a (8) of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at (9) themselves from guaranteed threats. We

24、know more than we (10) did about the dangers we face. But it turns (11) that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is (12) the storm, the quake or the (13) itself. More often, it is ourselves. So what has happened in the year that (14) the disaster on the Gulf Coast. In New Orleans, the Army Corps

25、of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the floodwalls. They have got the walls to (15) they were before Katrina, more or less. Thats not (16) , we can now say with confidence. But it may be all (17) can be expected from one year of hustle.Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a pla

26、n to use buses and trains to (18) the sick and the disabled. The city estimates that 15,000 people will need a (19) out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The (20) with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.（分数：50.00）(1).A. To B. By C. On

27、D. For（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查上下文语义及介词辨析。前句提到，人只有在遭受灾难之后才会重视如何避免灾难。本句的意思应该是“根据这一逻辑，2006 年本该是理性行为有所突破的一年”。By 可以表示“根据，按照”的意思，正确。故选 BBy。选项 To为“对来说”；On 为“在上面”；For 为因果连词，均不符合语境。(2).A. fresh B. obvious C. apparent D. evident（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。fresh 表示“新的，(记忆)清晰的”，可与 memory搭配，表示记忆并没有随着时间的流逝而

28、变得模糊。故选 Afresh。obvious 意为“显然的”；apparent 意为“显然的，外观上的”；evident 意为“明显的，显然的”，均不符合题意。(3).A. visual B. vivid C. live D. lively（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。visual“看的，视觉的，形象的”；vivid“生动的，鲜明的，鲜艳的，大胆的，清晰的，活泼的”；live“活的，生动的，精力充沛的，实况转播的”；lively“活泼的，活跃的”。本句要表达人们通过电视实况转播观看飓风卡特丽娜，以此选 Clive。(4).A. little B. less C

29、. more D. much（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查语法知识。在修饰形容词或副词的比较级时，可用副词 much表示程度，故选Dmuch。文中要表达的意思是，灾害本来就造成了巨大的损失，再加上人为的因素，如主观上视而不见或不愿与他人合作，损失就更加惨重了，这里的 much是修饰 worse的。(5).A. reluctance B. rejection C. denial D. decline（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。空前的 blindness和 risk表明，本空应填一个含有否定意义的词，后三项rejection，denial，d

30、ecline 都表示“拒绝”，故均可排除。Areluctance 意为“不情愿，勉强”，表示否定意义，符合语境。(6).A. natural B. world C. social D. human（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。此处意为“错觉可能是人类的部分状态”。human 意为“人的，人类的”，human condition 表示“人的状况”，符合语境。natural“自然的”，world“世界的”，social“社会的”，均不符合题意。故选 Dhuman。(7).A. revising B. refining C. rebuilding D. retrie

31、ving（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动名词辨析。文中提到庞贝城被地震严重毁坏，接着人们应该展开重建工作，因此应选 Crebuilding，表示“重建”。revising 意为“修订，修正”，refining 意为“精炼，精制”，retrieving意为“重新得到，找回”，均不符合题意。(8).A. review B. reminder C. concept D. prospect（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。由 the past year in disaster history可知应是对过去一年发生的灾难的回顾，所以应选 Areview。

32、reminder 意为“令人回忆起的东西，提醒的东西”，concept 意为“观念，概念”，prospect 意为“前景，期望”，均不符合语境。(9).A. preparing B. protesting C. protecting D. prevailing（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查词语辨析。preparing“准备”，protesting“抗议”，protecting“保护”，prevailing“流行的”。从灾难史的角度对去年进行一下回顾，我们发现现代美国人特别不擅长保护自己而免受既定威胁的伤害。通过上下文可以判断 Cprotecting 是正确选项。(10).

33、A. never B. ever C. then D. before（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。根据文章，作者要表达面对危险时美国人比以往任何时候了解的知识都更多，但事实上，他们却没有做好灾难预防工作，故应选 Bever，表示“在任何时候，从来”。(11).A. up B. down C. over D. out（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查介词搭配。根据语境可知，此处意为“结果发现”，turn out that 意思是“结果是”，故 Dout 符合题意，正确。turn up 意为“出现”，turn down 意为“拒绝”，turn ov

34、er 意为“反复考虑”，均不符合题意。(12).A. merely B. rarely C. incidentally D. accidentally（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。根据句意判断，作者为了表明在危机关头，美国人的最大的威胁不是来自灾害，而是来自自身，需要一个副词与 more often对比，用 Brarely“不常，很少”最合适。merely意为“只不过，仅仅”，incidentally 意为“顺便，偶然地，附带地”，accidentally 意为“偶然地，意外地”，均不符合题意。(13).A. surge B. spur C. surf D. s

35、plash（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。Asurge 表示“惊涛骇浪”，与空白处前暴风雨、地震对应，表示可能遇到的敌人，正确。spur 意为“刺激，穿刺”，surf 意为“海浪”，splash 意为“溅拨声，斑点”，均不符合题意。(14).A. ensued B. traced C. followed D. occurred（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系及动词辨析。空前的现在完成时态表明，该段内容主要阐述 the disaster on the Gulf Coast以后所发生的事情，因此本空应填入表示“后续”意义的词，从而答案锁定在

36、 ensued和 followed之间，但 ensue表示“跟着发生”时为不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，故排除。因此本题答案为 Cfollowed。(15).A. which B. where C. what D. when（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查语法知识。根据句子结构，这里应填入的引导词为介词 to的补语，再根据句意“他们想把防浪墙修复成它原来的样子”可知，只有 Cwhat 符合句意。(16).A. enough B. certain C. conclusive D. final（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。根据文章可知，在飓风过后

37、美国陆军工兵部队又进行了重建工作，现在已建到原来防洪墙所在的位置了。但如果不继续建的话。还会像飓风来之前那样被再一次摧毁，因此只建到这个位置是不足以对付飓风的，因此应选 Aenough。certain 意为“必然的，已确定的”，conclusive意为“确凿的，令人信服的”，final 意为“最终的”，均不符合语境。(17).A. but B. as C. that D. those（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查语法知识。all that 也就等于 what。代入句中，意为“但也许这就是我们从一年的忙碌中所有可以希望得到的”，符合语境，所以选 Cthat。(18).A.

38、exile B. evacuate C. dismiss D. displace（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。文中提到新奥尔良政府打算疏散病人和残疾人，故应选 Bevacuate“疏散，撤离”。exile 意为“放逐，流放”，dismiss 意为“解雇，遣散”，displace 意为“取代，迫使离开家园，移动”，均不符合语境。(19).A. ride B. trail C. path D. track（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查词语搭配。上一句的意思是“新奥尔良的官员已经拟定了计划，用公共汽车和火车撤离病人和残疾人”，所以本句应该是估计乘

39、车撤离的人有多少。乘车只能用 ride一词。a ride out 表示乘车出去。因此，Aride 符合题意，正确。(20).A. conventions B. notifications C. communications D. negotiations（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本句是对前一句的说明，前一句说“把病人和残疾人撤往哪里尚未决定”，因此，本句意思应该是与接壤地区在协商。Dnegotiations 意为“协商，谈判”，符合题意，正确。conventions“大会，习俗”，notifications“通知”，communications“交流”，均不

40、符合题意。It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, rather than about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (1) is their purpose merely to make conversation. The old persons recollections of the past help to (2) an

41、 identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (3) any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (4) to the future, the individual mentions their (5) as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) living. (7) , the memories form part of a continuing life (8) , in which the old

42、person (9) the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10) on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending death. (12) this task is made difficult by the fact that death

43、 is almost a (13) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) . As adults, many of us find the topic frightening and are (15) to think about it and certainly not to talk about it (16) the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17) on

44、ly in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18) the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) our control; it is almost the only of the natural processes (20) is so.（分数：50.00）(1).A. so B. even C. nor D. hardly（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.

45、解析：解析 考查语法知识。本句中第 1分句是否定句，nor 引导连续否定句，表示“也不是”之意，故选 C项。本句句意：这些回忆录并不单单是随机琐碎的记忆，也不是他们为了聊天而找的话题。(2).A. preserve B. conserve C. resume D. assume（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。preserve“保留”(=keep sth. for further use)，如：preserve traditional culture(保留传统文化)；conserve“保存，保藏，保重”，如：conserve ones strength“保存力量”；

46、conserve ones health“保重健康”。resume“(停顿后又)重新开始”，如：resume work“继续工作”；assume“假设；承担”，如：assume a hard task“承担一项艰巨的任务”。A项符合题意。(3).A. performing B. playing C. undertaking D. lacking（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。perform a role 意为“起作用，承担角色”。play a role 意为“起作用”。undertake 意为“承担，担任”。从冒号前的 fragile“脆弱的”来判断，此处应选 l

47、acking“缺少”，以对其形成呼应。(4).A. orientation B. implication C. succession D. presentation（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。orientation 意为“方向”；implication 意为“含义”；succession 意为“连续”；presentation 意为“赠送，提出”。由前面的 goal判断，此处应选用 orientation与后面的 future搭配，orientation to the future 意为“对未来的定位”，故 A项符合题意。(5).A. present B. p

48、ast C. experience D. fate（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据上下文的逻辑联系来看，此处应填 past“过去”，与后面的reminder“提示，提醒人/物”形成呼应，即个人提及过去的事物可对听众进行提醒。present“目前”，experience“经验，经历”，fate“命运”，均不符合题意。(6).A. worthy B. worth C. worthless D. worthwhile（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查短语搭配。be worth doing sth. 意为“值得”，如：The book is wort

49、h reading; be worthy of意为“够得上，值得”，如：be worthy of remembrance = be worthy of being remembered = be worthy to be remembered“值得纪念”。worthless 意为“无价值的”，如：a worthless book。worthwhile 意为“值得花时间的，值得做的”，如：a worthwhile experiment。根据形式，B 项为正确答案。(7).A. In a word B. In brief C. In addition D. In particular（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。空格后的内容仍是关于记忆(过去的事物)对生活作用的阐释，故此处表示并列，In addition“另外，此外”符合题意。(8).A. prospect B. impetus C. impression D. review（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本句意为