FAA FED AC 150 5380-5 REV B-1996 DEBRIS HAZARDS AT CIVIL AIRPORTS《民用机场残骸危害》.pdf

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1、U.S. Departmentof TransportationFederal AviationAdministrationAdvisoryCircularSubject: DEBRIS HAZARDS AT CIVIL AIRPORTS Date: 7/5/96Initiated by: AAS-100AC No: 150/5380-5BChange:1. PURPOSE. This advisory circular (AC)discusses problems of debris at airports, givesinformation on foreign objects, and

2、tells how toeliminate such objects from operational areas. Italso addresses the acquisition of power sweepersfor foreign object damage/debris (FOD) control atairports.2. CANCELLATION. AC 150/5380-5A,Debris Hazards at Civil Airports, dated 2/25/81, iscanceled.3. APPLICATION. The material contained in

3、this AC is applicable for use in the operation of allcivil airports. On certificated airports, therecommendations and guidelines may be used, asappropriate, to satisfy the requirements of FederalAviation Regulation (FAR) Part 139, Subpart D,paragraphs 139.305(a)(4) and 139.307(a)(5).4. RELATED READI

4、NG MATERIAL.a. AC 150/5200-18, Airport Safety Self-Inspection, current edition.b. AC 150/5200-30A, Airport Winter Safetyand Operations, current edition.c. AC 150/5200-5A, Wildlife Attractants Onor Near Airports, current edition.d. AC 150/5300-13, Airport Design, currentedition.5. BACKGROUND.a. Debri

5、s Hazards. FOD hazards onairports are considered to be comparable to thoseassociated with birds and winter operations. Coststo one major airline average $15,000 per aircraft,which represents an industry cost of over $60million per year. This is the equivalent of one newmedium-sized transport categor

6、y jet. Tests andexperience have shown that foreign objects onairport pavements can be readily ingested byaircraft engines, resulting in engine failure. Debriscan also become lodged in mechanisms, affectingthe operation of landing gear, flaps, etc. Thesehazards can be reduced, however, by theestablis

7、hment of an active FOD preventionprogram. While snow and ice and wildlife aresignificant causes of FOD, these concerns areaddressed by other ACs (see par. 4, RelatedReading Material) and are beyond the scope of thisdocument.b. Typical Foreign Objects. Typicalforeign objects include the following: ai

8、rcraft andengine fasteners (nuts, bolts, washers, safety wire,etc.); mechanics tools; flight line metal (nails,personnel badges, pens, pencils, etc.); stones andsand; paving materials; pieces of wood; plasticand/or polyethylene materials; paper products; andice formations in operational areas.6. PRE

9、VENTIVE MEASURES. The followinginformation is intended to help in establishingairport programs for preventing foreign objectdamage. It is particularly applicable to airportowners and operators, air carrier station managers,and general aviation operators. Individuals inthese positions are expected to

10、 alert ramp crews,maintenance technicians, and aircraft servicingpersonnel to the safety hazards created by debris.Procedures to eliminate FOD must address twofundamental requirements: (a) the avoidance ofdebris and (b) the removal of debris fromairport pavements. Consider the potential of allairsid

11、e activities in the cause of FOD. Forexample, using ordinary surveyors flags instead ofspecially designed markers to mark edge lights forsnow removal may easily precipitate a FODsituation. Advisory Circular 150/5200-30, AirportWinter Safety and Operations, provides details onrecommended edge light m

12、arkers.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AC 150/5380-5B 7/5/962a. Identifying Causes. The causes andprincipal contributing factors to FOD at a specificairport location must be determined before aneffective local prevention program can b

13、edeveloped. For airport operations, airportconstruction, and aircraft maintenance, one shouldaddress potential problems with FOD as a result ofthese activities and undertake preventive measuresfor each.b. Establishment of a FOD AwarenessProgram. Each individual with access to anairport operations ar

14、ea should understand his/herrole in prevention of FOD. A formal orientationprogram familiarizing new employees with securityand communications procedures, vehicleoperations, etc. should include FOD awarenesstraining. Address in this training the hazardsassociated with debris and tactics for FODpreve

15、ntion. A joint program with airport tenants,including the establishment of a FOD preventioncommittee, will help to broaden and sustainawareness of the FOD problem.(c) Establishment of a MaintenanceProgram. Each activity on the airport should havea FOD prevention program tailored to thatparticular ac

16、tivity. Some suggestions are asfollows:(1) Aircraft Maintenance. Account forand dispose of nuts, bolts, washers, safety wire, etc.Account for hand tools used in repair jobs. Aids inthe control of these items include checklists,shadow boards, and cut out tool tray liners.(2) Air Cargo. In an air carg

17、o area,there is a high potential for blowing debris such asplastic cargo wrappers. Establish procedures tocontain such debris, possibly by installing fencingwhere appropriate. Of course, FOD trapped bysuch fences should be removed regularly.(3) Construction. Establish specificFOD prevention procedur

18、es for each constructionproject. These procedures should be based on theproximity of construction activities to operationalareas but in general should stress containment andregular cleanup of construction debris.(d) Inspections. Make inspections ofoperational areas at least once each day, withadditi

19、onal inspections being made in constructionareas and immediately after any aircraft or groundvehicle accident or incident or any spill of materialwhich may cause slippery conditions. AC150/5200-18 gives guidance in the performance ofairport inspections. Encouraging the participationof airport tenant

20、s in inspections will reinforce theconcept that FOD prevention is a team effort anddemonstrate the airport operators commitment to adebris-free environment.(e) Pavement Repair. Spalled or crackedpavements, while structurally sound, may requireexpedited repair to minimize the ingestion ofpavement fra

21、gments.(f) Shoulders. Areas adjacent to pavementsshould be stabilized to prevent FOD. AC150/5300-13 gives further guidance in theconstruction of stabilized shoulders.(g) Debris Removal.(1) Receptacles. Provide conspicuouslylocated, well marked FOD receptacles. Suggestedlocations include the followin

22、g: near entry pointsto the airport operations area, in hangars, inaircraft tiedown and aircraft maintenance areas,and at each aircraft gate.(2) Equipment. Consider usingspecialized brooms, magnets, and vacuum-typemachines to clean aircraft operational areas as wellas runway and taxiway safety areas.

23、 Theacquisition of power sweepers and/or vacuums foruse in FOD prevention is considered appropriate.The National Aerospace FOD Prevention, Inc.FOD Prevention Industry Guideline (Appendix 2)recommends that sweeper brushes with metalbristles or spines not be used. Plastic orcombination plastic/metal b

24、ristles may beappropriate, but the user should consult theequipment manufacturer for specificrecommendations. Regardless of the equipmentused, a thorough check of the pavement should beconducted at the conclusion of the sweepingprocedure.(3) Pavement Joints. Give specialattention to the cleaning of

25、cracks and pavementjoints as tests have shown that these are the mainsources of foreign objects which are ingested.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-7/5/96 AC 150/5380-5B3(and 4)7. National Aerospace FOD Prevention, Inc.National Aerospa

26、ce FOD Prevention, Inc. is anonprofit industry group dedicated to theelimination of FOD. Their FOD PreventionIndustry Guideline is reproduced as Appendix 2 tothis document. For additional information, contactNational Aerospace FOD Prevention, Inc. at 1-800-FOD-1121.DAVID L. BENNETTDirector, Office o

27、f Airport Safety and StandardsProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AC 150/5380-5B 7/5/964THIS PAGE BLANK FOR ALIGNMENTProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-7/5/96 AC 150/5380-5BAp

28、pendix 11(and 2)APPENDIX 1. ILLUSTRATIONS OF RESULTS OF FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGEFOD can result inthe following:1. Relativelyminor damage toan engine nacelle,2. The need tocompletely rebuilda jet engine, or3. The loss of anaircraft andpossibly life.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or network

29、ing permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AC 150/5380-5B 7/5/96Appendix 12BLANK PAGE FOR ALIGNMENTProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-7/5/96 AC 150/5380-5BAppendix 11APPENDIX 2. NATIONAL AEROSPACE FOD PREVENTION, INC.FOD PREVENTION INDUS

30、TRY GUIDELINEThe following is a reprint of the National Aerospace FOD Prevention, Inc. FOD Prevention Industry Guideline.Although the appearance has been altered for the purpose of this AC, the content of the guideline is the same.FOREWORDThe purpose of this document is to establish a guideline for

31、the prevention of foreign object damage (FOD) toaerospace products being designed, developed, manufactured, assembled, operated, repaired, modified,refurbished and maintained.Most FOD can be attributed to poor housekeeping, facilities deterioration, improper maintenance or carelessassembly and opera

32、tions practices. An effective FOD prevention program identifies potential problems,corrects negative factors, provides awareness, effective employee training, and uses industry “lessons learned”for continued improvement.The objective of the FOD Prevention Industry Guideline is the preservation of pr

33、ivate and national assets andto reduce the hazards to life that are inherent in aerospace activities.This document is intended to be used as a baseline FOD prevention policy/procedure. Users are encouraged toapply the contents of this guideline to suit their particular product or company.INTRODUCTIO

34、NNational Aerospace FOD Prevention, Inc. is a nonprofit, educational undertaking. The purpose of theorganization is to provide the aerospace industry with information about the prevention of foreign objectdamage to aircraft and aerospace vehicles. The intent is to make the aerospace industry aware o

35、f the need toeliminate foreign debris, and to provide information about current proven practices and technologicaladvancements that prevent FOD. Additionally, board members work with all interested companies,associations, and government agencies to accomplish this purpose.This guidance is developed

36、by the Board of Directors. The Board was established in l985 to oversee theactivities of the National Aerospace FOB Prevention Conference and represents members from aerospacecompanies, suppliers, associations, and government agencies. This guidance is designed to provide assistance,advancement, and

37、 share awareness with the aerospace industry. Valuable “lessons learned” have been sharedso that the industry can become more effective in their individual FOD prevention programs.It is anticipated that as the industry accepts and implements these recommendations, Quality and productintegrity will i

38、mprove, thereby increasing productivity and reducing avoidable cost. The Board recognizes eachprogram must be individually based on company philosophies, contract requirements, and policies. Thisguidelines will be helpful toward the goal of permanent and continuous improvement in promotion of flight

39、safety.I. GENERALA. SCOPEThe guideline establishes recommendations for prevention of Foreign Object Damage (FOD) to aerospaceproducts. Aerospace products include aircraft, missiles, launch vehicles, drones, satellites, engines, operatingsystems, manufactured parts, associated ground support equipmen

40、t, and related components.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AC 150/5380-5B 7/5/96Appendix 12B. DEFINITIONSClean-As-You-Go. A job by job cleaning. Clean before leaving the work area. Be in control of all debris,tools, hardware, and consu

41、mables.Consumables. Supplies provided to workers that are expendable.Examples are: issued apparel Safety glasses Glue, paint, sealant Rags Sandpaper, brushes, applicators Free-stock items: fasteners and other hardware.Critical Area. Any area that when exposed to foreign objects would potentially cau

42、se a system or productfailure due to deterioration or malfunction.Critical FO. Foreign objects in areas from which migration is possible, e.g., through tooling holes, bendrelief cutouts, drain holes, intakes, etc., which are probable to cause system or component malfunction ordeterioration should th

43、e product be put into use.Foreign Object (FO). A substance or article alien to vehicle or system.Foreign Object Elimination (FOE). A program or process used to assure a FOD-free product/system.Potential FOD. The condition where a FO may cause damage should the product be put into use.Examples are: M

44、etal or wire clippings, solder balls and debris lying in the vicinity or electrical terminals,circuitry, connectors, components, etc. Tools, hardware, or debris left in the vicinity, or in a migratory path or a vehicles control systemor engine inlets Debris lying on runways, ramps and taxiways Propw

45、ash exhaust blasts Inclement weather Ice and salt Birds and other animals Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Construction debrisShadowbox. A tool box with specific, marked locations for each tool so that a missing tool will be readilynoticeable.Tether. A lanyard of sufficient strength (wire, rope, cable

46、, etc.) attached to the tool/equipment and to theuser or fixed secure object. The tether should be minimum length to preclude damage from tethered tool “freeswing.”Tote Tray. A device for storing/carrying/transporting tools or equipment in a secure manner to preventinadvertent dropping, i.e., a tool

47、 holder, an apron with pocket rings to which tools can be secured. Tote trayswith lids will have the lid secured to the tote tray body.C. REFERENCE DOCUMENTSProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-7/5/96 AC 150/5380-5BAppendix 131. MIL-STD-98

48、02. AFI 21-101, ACCI 21-1013. OPNAV 4790.2EII. IMPLEMENTATION CONTROL METHODSEstablish and maintain an effective FOD prevention program that is planned and implemented using a“continuous improvement” approach.Basic Elements1. FOD Prevention Training.2. Early design consideration for FOD prevention,

49、resistance to damage, FOD entrapment orcomponent.3. Assembly sequencing and maintenance/manufacturing techniques that include proper care anduse of assembly/maintenance equipment and parts protective devices.4. Handling of material.5. Housekeeping.6. Control of tools and personal items.7. Control of Hardware/consumables.8. Measuring techniques for analysis, trending, and feedback.9. Incident investigation/re