【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷118及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 118及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_China“s entry into the WTO actually represents the result of a three-sided win-win sit

2、uationChina, the United States and the WTO. China, still a developing country, has a total economic capacity (1)_ seventh worldwide, and is the 10th largest nation (2)_ trade worldwide. In the 21st century, China“s economy will greatly (3)_ the world economy. Without China, the WTO is (4)_, and its

3、role greatly (5)_ Thus, China“s entry into the WTO is necessary for the WTO to (6)_ its universality. (7)_ the United States, China“s entry into the WTO will realize the general needs of the development (8)_ and the mutual interests of Sino-U.S. (9)_ trade, and will help gradually solve the problem

4、of huge deficits in the U.S. trade with China. As for China, through 13 years of difficult negotiations, China has finally realized its (10)_ of joining the WTO as a developing country: the bilateral agreement between China and the United States (11)_ this fundamental principle. China“s entry into t

5、he WTO as a developing country is (12)_ great significance, implying as it does that China will enjoy, according to law, a developing country“s preferential arrangements, protection of and export subsidies for its embryonic industries, as well as elastic stipulations in the tariff system. For exampl

6、e, China will (13)_ for a six-year period a 25 percent import tax rate for its auto industry; in the agriculture sector, most of markets (wheat, maize, rice, cotton, sugar, and fertilizer) will be franchised by the State so as to ensure the State has (14)_ means of macroeconomic control, there by (1

7、5)_ farmers“ interests; and the banking sector will gradually open during a transitional period. Moreover, in some sectors, the markets will still remain closed, or, at least, the “opening of these markets has to be specifically (16)_ by the Chinese government. Only developing countries have the rig

8、ht to enjoy the above-mentioned buffer opportunities. The Sino-U.S. agreement further contains no (17)_ prohibiting China from adopting WTO exceptional clauses; instead, China can adopt exceptional clauses which are exclusively (18)_ to developing countries. This objectively recognizes that China en

9、joys status of a developing country and means that China can adopt such exceptional clauses as protection of its infant industries. Should its domestic markets be seriously affected or harmed by external factors? China can adopt temporary measures to compensate. In short, China“s (19)_ to the WTO as

10、 a developing country ensures that China“s obligations to the WTO are (20)_ with its current development level, thus greatly reducing the negative effects to China“s industries resulting from its entry into the WTO.（分数：40.00）A.bendingB.rankingC.decidingD.prevailingA.at the thought ofB.with a view of

11、C.in terms ofD.for the purpose ofA.influenceB.effectC.estimateD.overwhelmA.indifferentB.incredibleC.influentialD.incompleteA.limitedB.brokenC.damagedD.mortgagedA.recognizeB.realizeC.authorizeD.socializeA.Because ofB.In the way ofC.As forD.By means ofA.paymentB.pastureC.patronD.patternA.emotionalB.co

12、ntroversialC.continentalD.bilateralA.objectiveB.subjectiveC.automotiveD.maturativeA.perceivesB.grievesC.bleedsD.embodiesA.forB.ofC.aboutD.withA.revealB.retreatC.retainD.returnA.sufficientB.efficientC.proficientD.deficientA.prohibitingB.protectingC.projectingD.preventingA.provedB.improvedC.approvedD.

13、reprovedA.dazzleB.orchardC.glideD.clauseA.valuableB.availableC.applicableD.sensibleA.compulsionB.accessionC.competitionD.devotionA.compatibleB.companionableC.comparableD.compressible二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four

14、texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._On 5th December, 1945, five bombers from a United States Naval Air Station left Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on a routine training flight over the Atlantic Ocean, east of Florida. A short time later the base received radio messages f

15、rom the bombers (Flight 19) saying that they were lost. Then radio contact was broken. The flight didn“t return, and the planes that were sent to look for the bombers also fail to return. A massive search operation was mounted, but no trace of the missing planes or their pilots was found. They had s

16、imply and inexplicably disappeared. This event was sufficient to confirm in many people“s minds that the so-called “Devil“s Triangle“, or “Bermuda Triangle“a section of the North Atlantic bounded roughly by Bermuda, Florida and Puerto Ricoreally was haunted, and in some mysterious way was responsibl

17、e for the loss of ships and planes. In all, in this area (3,900,000 square kilometres) of open sea, more than 50 ships and 20 planes have mysteriously disappeared. These include the U.S. Navy ship Cyclops in 1918 and the merchant vessel Marine Sulphur Queen in 1963. In the same year two U.S. Air For

18、ce KC 135 planes also disappeared without trace. In other words, it is not only small boats and planes that have vanished in the area, but the most modern and best equipped too. Perhaps the most dramatic shipping loss in the area was the U.S. Navy nuclear submarine Scorpion. This vessel, like others

19、 before her, disappeared without explanation in May, 1968. Some months later she was found on the bottom of the ocean, but the reason for her loss has not been properly explained. Many theories about the area have been proposed, and whole books have been written on the subject. It has been suggested

20、, for example, that the disappearances are caused by unknown magnetic forces from outer space or from the bottom of the sea. There is also a theory about underwater volcanic action that affects shipping, and another that suggests the lost continent of Atlantis, which according to legend lies somewhe

21、re beneath the Atlantic, is involved. However, others state that it is more likely that there is nothing special about this imaginary triangle of water, and that it is a product of Sensational Journalism. After all, ships, Boats and planes are lost at sea in all parts of the world due to weather, me

22、chanical failure or human error, and several of the losses are mysterious. The Marie Celeste, an American cargo boat, for example, was found in 1872 off the coast of Portugal in perfect order but with no crew on board. Their disappearances has never been explained. Did some of them mutiny and then e

23、scape? Were all the crew killed by some unknown agent? Did they try to escape from some danger or other? We shall probably never know. However, regardless of the theories which exist about the “Bermuda Triangle“, ships, boats and planes continue to travel daily through the area with great frequency,

24、 and it has not been proved that a higher percentage of accidents and losses occur in this section of the North Atlantic than in other areas of the world“s oceans.（分数：10.00）(1).To many people the Bermuda Triangle is really a mystery because _.（分数：2.00）A.it is called “Devil“s Triangle“B.a lot of book

25、s have been written about the areaC.the lost continent of Atlantic lies somewhere in that areaD.there have been many unexplainable disappearances of ships and aircraft in that area(2).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Bermuda Triangle stimulates a

26、lot of interestB.The Bermuda Triangle is a mysterious area of the North Atlantic OceanC.The Bermuda Triangle is referred to as “Devil“s Triangle“ because no ships and planes can survive thereD.Despite some interesting theories, no investigation has so far produced convincing answers to the mystery o

27、f the triangle(3).The disappearances of planes and ships in the Bermuda Triangle are probably caused by_.（分数：2.00）A.some unknown magnetic forcesB.underwater volcanic actionC.Sensational JournalismD.something not yet known(4).All of the following are mentioned to suggest that the Bermuda Triangle is

28、really a mysterious area EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.the U.S. cargo boat Marie CelesteB.five U.S. bombers on a routine training flightC.the U.S. Navy nuclear submarine ScorpionD.the U.S. Navy ship Cyclops(5).It is mentioned in the passage that_（分数：2.00）A.the Bermuda Triangle is not responsible for the missin

29、g of so many ships and planesB.not a single ship or plane can easily escape the danger of the Bermuda TriangleC.the loss of ships, boats and planes is chiefly due to human errorD.no satisfactory explanations could be given to the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle“We mustn“t delay any longer, swallowin

30、g is difficult.and breathing, that“s also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too, we mustn“t delay any longer.“ These were the words of Dutchman. Cees Van Wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, Van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he kne

31、w there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. Van Wendel“s last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countr

32、ies and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two ye

33、ars ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the

34、 death must be reported to the police department. Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees Van Wendel“s doctor, explains how he looks at the question: “Well, it“s not as if I“m planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is

35、 the worst thing I can imagine. But that“s entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they don“t suffer too much. That“s a very different thing.“ Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the org

36、anization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that “In the vast majority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or familythere“s nearly always another question behi

37、nd the question.“ Britain also has a strong tradition of hospicesspecial hospital which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, president of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn“t take into account that ther

38、e are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: It“s very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought

39、 to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.“ Many find this prohibition of an individual“s right to die paternalistic. Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life shou

40、ld not be ignored. Dr. Van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental fight to choose for themselves if they want“ to die: “What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven“t the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But the

41、re are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?“ But “why not?“ is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees Van Wendel“s death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husband“s interests at heart.

42、Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the-case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention.（分数：10.00）(1).What does euthanasia mean?（分数：2.00）A.A way of killing oneselfB.A way of ending a pa

43、tient“s life naturallyC.The painless killing of people who are incurably ill or very oldD.A murder by the doctor(2).How many countries in Europe permit euthanasia?（分数：2.00）A.All countries except HollandB.Only twoC.NoneD.Only one(3).When euthanasia is carried out in the Netherlands, the doctor_.（分数：2

44、.00）A.can do it according to his own experienceB.should follow the guidelines presented by the ParliamentC.can do it according to patient“s requestsD.can adopt the advice of the patient“s family members(4).Who is against euthanasia?_.（分数：2.00）A.Dr. wilfred Van QijenB.Dr. Andrew FergusonC.Cicely Saun

45、dersD.Both B and C(5).According to those who oppose euthanasia, Cees Van Wendel“s case_.（分数：2.00）A.is a good exampleB.is a very valuable exampleC.is an exceptional exampleD.is a convincing exampleLately social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have c

46、ulture too. When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group of people different from another

47、 group. Our culture lets us make up for having lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead, We use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate in language. But these aspects of human behavior, or “culture“, can also be found in the lives of certain animals. We used to th

48、ink that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. This is a major step up from simply picking up a handy object and using it. For example, chimps have been seen stripping the leaves and twigs off a branch, then putting it into a termite nest. When the termites bite at the stick, the chimp removes it and eats them off the endnot unlik