【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷117及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 117及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_With the depletion of the cod fishery and so many other coastal fish stocks worldwide,

2、 the fishing industry has turned to the high seas to exploit their resources. Fishing operations are now (1)_ the seamounts, oceanic ridges and plateaus of the deep ocean (2)_ national jurisdiction, where owner ship and responsibility do not (3)_ to any nation. (4)_ a decade or more, we have caused

3、significant damage to (5)_ unknown ecosystems, depleted species and probably doomed many others to (6)_.Every day, commercial fishing fleets (7)_ primarily from just 11 nations venture (8)_ the high seas to fish the deep ocean. What“s left is truly a lonely, infertile, undersea desert. The high seas

4、 are very special. It is here where you can find (9)_ groupings of animals that (10)_ their energy from sources (11)_ the sun around volcanoes on the deep sea floor. It is only here where you can find areas still free from introduced species, (12)_ in the seas around Antarctica. And it is here where

5、 you can find (13)_ organisms that are more than 8,000 years old, like many of the massive deep-sea corms. But what really sets the high seas (14)_ from all other areas we know is the (15)_ lack of protection for any of this natural heritage. A United Nations meeting recently finally pay great atten

6、tion to the high seas and put them on the (16)_.Government officials from around the world gathered together with scientists, representatives from the fishing (17)_, conservation groups and other stake-holders to discuss conservation and (18)_ use of marine biological diversity in the high seas, (19

7、)_ 64 percent of the Earth“s surface. They need to move quickly. (20)_ the fragility of these environments, we simply do hot have the luxury of time, but we can act before it is too late.（分数：40.00）A.pointingB.intendingC.targetingD.aimingA.withB.underC.aboutD.beyondA.belongB.submitC.yieldD.commitA.On

8、 a basis ofB.With regard toC.In the course ofD.For fear ofA.sharplyB.largelyC.ultimatelyD.eventuallyA.extinctionB.exhaustionC.destructionD.damageA.disposedB.dispatchedC.transmittedD.departedA.acrossB.underneathC.ontoD.intoA.heavyB.massiveC.thickD.denseA.originateB.deduceC.inferD.deriveA.sooner thanB

9、.other thanC.rather thanD.better thanA.likeB.suchC.asD.soA.livingB.aliveC.livelyD.vitalA.asideB.farC.apartD.awayA.overwhelmingB.unmatchableC.intolerableD.unforeseenA.programB.scheduleC.agendaD.procedureA.partB.sectorC.branchD.sectionA.durableB.sustainingC.sustainableD.sustainedA.coveringB.rangingC.m

10、ountingD.takingA.ProvidingB.DespiteC.GivenD.For二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Among the class of new CEOs at struggling European technology gia

11、nts, none will be more intriguing to watch in 2003 than Deutsche Telekom“s Kai-Uwe Ricke. He shares almost nothing with his flashy and argumentative predecessor from Sony, Ron Sommer, who had always remained something of an outsider in the notoriously political company. The son of a former Telekom c

12、hief, Ricke is a born insider. He inherits huge problems, including a huge debt load from years of splurging, a slow-growth business and a hierarchical company culture dating from when Telekom was an arm of the post office, a monolith with more staff than the German Army. For all Sommer“s talk about

13、 the New Economy, he built on the old tradition, controlling the company through a team of feared lieutenants. Sommer hired Ricke away from a competitor in 1998 to run the fast-growing conglomerate“s mobile-phone business. He soon came to see him as a potential successor and promoted him to chief op

14、erating officer in 2001. Ricke is emblematic of the next generation of European tech leaders. The challenge they face is to fix mistakes made during the boom years without discarding the enthusiasm and vision that accompanied them. Since taking over in November, Ricke has gotten rid of Sommer“s gang

15、 and put the heads of the company“s four main business divisions on Telekom“s management board. By loosening the grip of the CEO“s office on a company with 256,000 employees, he hopes to set the stage for a cultural revolution at Telekom. “I want a new leadership style,“ he told his top executives o

16、n Dec. 12, during a 10-hour sit-down in the “fishbowl“, a round, glass-lined meeting room at the Bonn headquarters. “I want to encourage open and controversial discussion, but then I expect swift and speedy decisions.“ Ricke doesn“t have a lot of time. Telekom reported a loss of C 20.6 billion in th

17、e third quarter, the largest ever for a German company. Its stock price has fallen 90 percent from its peak in March 2000. Other, more experienced executives turned down offers to take the job, often because of political meddling in the company, of which the German government still owns about 43 per

18、cent. Some disillusioned investors see Ricke as part of the problem. “He shares responsibility for the mistakes of the past, so I have little hope that much will change,“ says Frank Heise, a fund manager at Union Investment in Frankfurt.（分数：10.00）(1).Ricke attracts great attention because（分数：2.00）A.

19、he is the successor of Ron Sommer.B.he is different from his predecessor.C.he is the new CEO of Deutsche Telekom.D.he is a son of a former chief.(2).According to the passage, Sommer（分数：2.00）A.inherited huge problems.B.splurged the company asset.C.tried out successful reforms.D.regarded Ricke highly

20、and helped him.(3).The purpose of loosening the grip of the CEO office is to（分数：2.00）A.create a new leadership style.B.encourage open and controversial discussion.C.bring about a cultural revolution at Telekom.D.make swift and speedy decisions.(4).Why does the author say “Ricke doesn“t have a lot of

21、 time“?（分数：2.00）A.Ricke“s position will be taken over soon.B.Telekom is facing serious problems.C.No executives would like to work for him.D.Investors doubt about his ability.(5).In the author“s opinion, the future of Telekom company probably is（分数：2.00）A.very promising.B.definitely doomed.C.all in

22、Ricke“s hand.D.hard to predict.For a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes usor what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, they“ve had a lot of finding moments. First it was our parents, particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who sh

23、ow up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good onesbut only as far as they went. The fact is once investigators had exposed all the data from those theories, they still came away with as many questions as answers. Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental dark matter exerting an in

24、visible gravitational pull of its own. More and more, scientists are concluding that this un explained force is our siblings. From the time they are born, our brothers and sisters are our collaborators and coconspirators, our role models and cautionary tales. They are our scolds, protectors, goads,

25、tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. They teach us how to resolve conflicts and how not to; how to conduct friendships and when to walk away from them. Sisters teach brothers about the mysteries of girls; brothers teach sisters about the puzzle of boys. Our spouses a

26、rrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventually leave us. Our siblings may be the only people we“ll ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. “Siblings,“ says family sociologist Katherine Conger, “are with us for the whole journey.“ Within the scientific community, siblings hav

27、e not been wholly ignored, but research has been limited mostly to discussions of birth order. Older sibs were said to be strivers; younger ones rebels; middle kids the lost souls. The stereotypes were broad, if not entirely untrue, and there the discussion mostly ended. But all that“s changing. At

28、research centers in the U.S., Canada, Europe and elsewhere, investigators are launching a wealth of new studies into the sibling dynamic, looking at ways brothers and sisters steer one another intoor away fromrisky behavior; how they form a protective buffer against family upheaval; how they educate

29、 one another about the opposite sex; how all siblings compete for family recognition and come to terms over such impossibly charged issues as parental favoritism. From that research, scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults. Does the manager who runs a congenial

30、 office call on the peacemaking skills learned in the family playroom? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter-gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? All that is under investigation. “Sib lings have just been off the radar screen until

31、 now,“ says Conger. But today serious work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us.（分数：10.00）(1).What can be inferred from the last sentence of paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.Previous findings revealed what shapes us.B.Previous findings were accurate and trustworthy.C.Previous finding

32、s contributed in a limited way.D.Previous findings went too far in explanation.(2).The word “siblings“(Paragraph 2) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.parents.B.genes.C.peers.D.brothers and sisters.(3).Katherine Conger mentions “Siblings are with us for the whole journey“ to show（分数：2.00）A.they can provi

33、de important suggestions for us.B.they can accompany us throughout our life.C.they may offer us great help.D.they plan our journey for us.(4).Studies on siblings by scientists used to（分数：2.00）A.be totally forgotten.B.focus only on the sons not daughters.C.mainly focus on the orders of the kids.D.foc

34、us on the sibling dynamic.(5).From the last paragraph we can conclude that（分数：2.00）A.siblings are not in the range of scientific research.B.people learned management skills from family playroom.C.spouses learned negotiation skills from their sisters and brothers.D.studies on siblings are on their wa

35、y.In the 90“s, people went crazy about wireless. Electronic communications once thought bound permanently to the world of cables and hard-wired connections suddenly were sprung free, and the possibilities seemed endless. Entrenched monopolies would fall, and a new uncabled era would usher in a level

36、 of intimate contact that would not only transform business but change human behavior. Such was the view by the end of that groundbreaking decadethe 1890s. To be sure, the wild publicity of those days wasn“t all hot air. Marconi“s “magic box“ and its contemporaneous inventions kicked off an era of p

37、rofound changes, not the least of which was the ad vent of broadcasting. So it does seem strange that a century later, the debate once more is about how wireless will change everything. And once again, the noisy confusion is justified. Changes are on the way that are arguably as earth shattering as

38、the world“s first wireless transformation. Certainly a huge part of this revolution comes from introducing the most powerful communication tools of our time. Between our mobile phones, our BlackBerries and Treos, and our Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) computers, we“re always on and always connectedand so

39、on our cars and our appliances will be, too. While there has been considerable planning for how people will use these tools and how they“ll pay for them, the wonderful reality is that, as with the Internet, much of the action in the wireless world will ultimately emerge from the imaginative twists a

40、nd turns that are possible when dig ital technology trumps the analog mindset of telecom companies and government regulators. Wi-Fi is itself a shining example of how wireless innovation can shed the tethers of conventional wisdom. At one point, it was assumed that when people wanted to use wireless

41、 devices for things other than conversation, they“d have to rely on the painstakingly drawn, investment-heavy standards adopted by the giant corporations that earn a lot through your monthly phone bill. But then some re searchers came up with a new communications standard exploiting an unlicensed pa

42、rt of the spectrum. It was called 802.11, and only later sexed up with the name Wi-Fi. Though the range of signal was only some dozens of meters, Wi-Fi turned out to be a great way to wirelessly extend an Internet connection in the home or office. A new class of activist was born: the bandwidth libe

43、rator, with a goal of extending free wireless Internet to anyone venturing within the range of a free hotspot. Meanwhile, Apple Computer seized on the idea as a consumer solution, others followed and now Wi-Fi is as common as the modem once was.（分数：10.00）(1).Wireless technology is introduced as（分数：2

44、.00）A.an important fruit in daily life.B.a supplement to cable communications.C.the opening of a new uncabled era.D.a new type of monopoly.(2).The assumption of the future is not all hot air because（分数：2.00）A.Marconi made a profound change in the past.B.the wireless technology will change everything

45、.C.the possibility of wireless technology is justified.D.the wireless technology is already sophisticated.(3).By mentioning Internet, the author means that（分数：2.00）A.we are always online and always connected.B.the wireless technology will be popularized as the Internet.C.the Internet will be wireles

46、s soon.D.the wireless technology will become a monopoly.(4).According to the passage, the Wi-Fi standard（分数：2.00）A.is based on the conventional wisdom.B.adopted an unlicensed part of the spectrum.C.relies on the standards by the giant corporations.D.is created solely by some geeks.(5).From the autho

47、r“s point of view, the Wi-Fi technology（分数：2.00）A.will be replaced soon.B.will be controlled by giant corporations like Apple.C.will extend to every home and office.D.will become a necessity as a modem.Europeans and Americans alike have certain romantic notions about Sweden. We imagine it as a land

48、of liberal-minded people living in a bastion of equalitywhich, in many ways, it is. Sweden has the second highest number of female parliamentarians “in the world. Half its government ministers are women. Its wage gap is narrow, and females are well represented in the labor force. Both the United Nations and the World Economic Forum have rated it tops in the world for equality. But no paradise is without its paradoxes. In Sweden, the biggest one is this: while the government has done much to improve the lives of women, it has also created a