【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷115及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语-试卷 115及答案解析(总分:146.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:2,分数:80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_A new study finds that blacks on death row【1】of killing whites are more likely to be e
2、xecuted than whites who kill minorities. It also concludes that blacks who kill【2】minorities are【3】likely to be executed than blacks who kill whites. For example, there is more than a twofold greater risk that an African-American who killed a white will be executed than a white person who kills a【4】
3、victim. A Hispanic is at least 1.4【5】more likely to be executed【6】such an offender kills a white. The researchers of the study believe that there are two【7】explanations First, prosecutors often win【8】office if they win well-publicized cases. When a black kills a white, such killings gets more【9】and
4、this idea can be【10】by many famous cases. 【11】, the court judges at the state level are often【12】to elections, called retention elections. Retention election or judicial retention within the United States court system, is a periodic process, in which the voter【13】approval or disapproval for the judg
5、es presently【14】their position, and a judge can be removed from the position if the【15】of the citizens vote him or her out. Just as the researchers【16】out, death penalty is【17】political. The findings of the study, in short, show that American justice systems clearly【18】white lives more than those of
6、 blacks or Hispanics. The researchers also say their findings【19】serious doubts about【20】that the U.S. criminal justice system is colorblind.(分数:40.00)A.convictedB.chargedC.believedD.sentencedA.theB.aC.someD.otherA.evenB.sameC.lessD.moreA.nonwhiteB.AmericanC.foreignD.minorA.longerB.yearsC.timeD.time
7、sA.onlyB.evenC.ifD.unlessA.paradoxicalB.plausibleC.absurdD.ironicA.previousB.sameC.lowerD.higherA.attendanceB.attractionC.temptD.publicityA.supportedB.approvedC.ratifiedD.holdA.moreoverB.secondlyC.accordinglyD.generallyA.submitB.proneC.subjectD.familiarA.decideB.expressesC.makesD.takesA.presentingB.
8、chargingC.preservingD.holdingA.majorityB.minorityC.priorityD.superiorityA.pointB.showC.workD.implyA.intuitionallyB.instinctivelyC.intrinsicallyD.distinctivelyA.convictB.valueC.indictD.accuseA.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.rinseA.dissertationsB.affirmsC.claimsD.suggestions二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:11,分数:62.00
9、)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Children attending schools located in high-traffic zones have a 45 percent increased risk of developing asthma, even though time spent at school only
10、accounts for about one-third of a child“s waking hours, according to new research. Asthma is the most common chronic childhood illness in developed countries and has been linked to environmental factors such as traffic-related air pollution. “While residential traffic-related pollution has been asso
11、ciated with asthma, there has been little study of the effects of traffic exposure at school on new onset asthma,“ says Rob McConnell, professor of preventive medicine at USC“s Keck School of Medicine. “Exposure to pollution at locations other than home, especially where children spend a large porti
12、on of their day and may engage in physical activity, appears to influence asthma risk as well.“ The study appears online in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. The study drew upon data from the Children“s Health Study (CHS), a longitudinal study of children in Southern California communit
13、ies that was designed to investigate the chronic effects of air pollution on respiratory health. Using a cohort of 2 497 kindergarten and first grade children who were asthma-free when they entered the study, researchers examined the relationship of local traffic around schools and homes to diagnosi
14、s new onset asthma that occurred during three years of follow-up. Traffic-related pollution exposure was assessed based on a model that took into account traffic volume, distance to major roadways from home and school and local weather conditions. Regional ambient ozone, nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮) and
15、particulate matter were measured continuously at one central site in each of the 13 study communities. The design allowed investigators to examine the joint effects of local traffic-related pollution exposure at school and at home and of regional pollution exposure affecting the entire community. Re
16、searchers found 120 cases of new asthma. The risk associated with traffic-related pollution exposure at schools was almost as high as for residential exposure, and combined exposure accounting for time spent at home and at school had a slightly larger effect. Although children spend less time at sch
17、ool than at home, physical education, and other activities that take place at school may increase ventilation rates and the dose of pollutants getting into the lungs, McConnell notes. Traffic-related pollutant levels may also be higher during the morning hours when children are arriving at school. D
18、espite a state law that prohibits school districts from building campuses within 500 feet of a freeway, many Southern California schools are located near high-traffic areas, including busy surface streets. “It“s important to understand how these micro-environments where children spent a lot of their
19、 time outside of the home are impacting their health,“ McConnell says. “Policies that reduce exposure to high-traffic environments may help to prevent this disease. “ The study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the US Environmental Protection Agency,
20、the South Coast Air Quality Management District, and the Hastings Foundation.(分数:10.00)(1).Which one is NOT the reason that children increase risk of developing asthma?(分数:2.00)A.There exists traffic-related pollution.B.Schools are located in heavy-traffic areas.C.Children are frequently exposed to
21、pollution.D.The vehicles increase rapidly.(2).What kind of illness does “asthma“ belong to?(分数:2.00)A.Mental sickness.B.Respiratory disease.C.Influenza.D.Infectious disease.(3).We can infer from McConnell“s view that_.(分数:2.00)A.there has been little study of the residential traffic-related pollutio
22、nB.activities that take place at school may increase the risk of asthmaC.traffic-related pollutant level is lower during the morning hoursD.frequent exposure to outdoors appears to influence the risk of asthma(4).The method of preventing asthma is to_.(分数:2.00)A.reduce exposure to schoolsB.do more a
23、ctivities at homeC.reduce exposure to heavy traffic zonesD.understand the micro-environments(5).Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?(分数:2.00)A.In Southern California, many schools are located near heavy traffic zones.B.The study was carried out by many organizations.C.Rob McConnell
24、is the leader of the study.D.Asthma is the most common chronic childhood illness around the world.A few milliamps of electricity can cause plants to increase synthesis of chemicals. These compounds often also have a pharmacological (related to medicine) or commercial value, so the trick could be use
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