【考研类试卷】考博英语-348及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-348 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.Henry Tanner received widespread recognition for his naturalistic paintings of plantation life.（分数：1.00）A.profitsB.storageC.attentionD.invitations2.The upshot of all this was that travelling had become precarious.（分数：1.00）A.glori

2、ousB.funC.expensiveD.dangerous3.The United States Capitol building, in Washington, D. C. , is set in a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.（分数：1.00）A.secludedB.situatedC.exhibitedD.encircled4.The boy could not _ the temptation of the piece of chocolate and revealed t

3、he secret.（分数：1.00）A.persistB.resistC.desistD.insist5.The boy was not _ to leave class without an adequate reason.（分数：1.00）A.emittedB.admittedC.permittedD.remitted6.The majority of the observers at the conference, in contradiction to the delegates, were opposed to ratification.（分数：1.00）A.adjournment

4、B.distributionC.tablingD.approval7.According to the international regulation, the playing of the national anthem _ all sports events.（分数：1.00）A.repelsB.remarksC.precedesD.requires8.His plan was _ by the committee.（分数：1.00）A.rejectedB.dejectedC.objectedD.projected9.Frederica Von Stade has sung in ope

5、ra houses throughout the United States and abroad.（分数：1.00）A.on the radioB.on recordingsC.in private homeD.in other countries10.The place _ me very much.（分数：1.00）A.interestedB.disinterestedC.uninterestedD.interesting11.Although it was none of my business I asked her if the one she was lamenting for

6、was in any way kin.（分数：1.00）A.speaking forB.running risks forC.pleading forD.mourning for12.They _ those who didnt conform to their ideas, and made advantage of those who agreed with them.（分数：1.00）A.exploredB.persecutedC.extendedD.pinched13.In England, Latin appears never to have superseded the old

7、Gaelic speech among the people.（分数：1.00）A.joinedB.replacedC.influencedD.given way to14.Braille, the universally accepted system of writing used by blind persons, consists of sixty- three characters.（分数：1.00）A.catalogB.methodC.committeeD.punctuation15.Absent impartiality on the part of the psychother

8、apist, a patients conflicts may be exacerbated.（分数：1.00）A.indifferenceB.objectivityC.voiced concernD.engagement16.One of the most damaging plant parasites is the stem eelworm.（分数：1.00）A.harmfulB.elegantC.versatileD.prevalent17.Because it is tuned a fifth lower, the viola produces a sound that is mor

9、e resonant than that of the violin.（分数：1.00）A.more vibrantB.more harmoniousC.softerD.sadder.18.Mr Wangs behavior is_（分数：1.00）A.contemptuousB.contemplativeC.contemptibleD.contemporaneous19.Susan Clintons participation in the Progressive Movement was far-reaching, embracing such causes as labor legisl

10、ation and housing reforms.（分数：1.00）A.timelyB.voluntaryC.extensiveD.admirable20.The members of the dub voted to _ the meeting until after lunch.（分数：1.00）A.adjournB.adjoinC.adjustD.adjudge21.Landslides triggered by heavy rainfall impeded our best attempts at rescuing the victims.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB

11、.hinderedC.nullifiedD.crowned22.Harriet Beecher Stowe, in her antislavery novel Uncle Toms Cabin, aimed to stir the consciences of her readers.（分数：1.00）A.heedB.appeaseC.confuseD.awaken23.For many years, Mark has been suffering from the _ that he is a great man.（分数：1.00）A.elusionB.illusionC.allusionD

12、.delusion24.I cant read your writing. It is _.（分数：1.00）A.legibleB.illegibleC.eligibleD.ineligible25.Ice can be used to keep food from spoiling.（分数：1.00）A.rottingB.agingC.tougheningD.evaporating26.When he formed his own company in 1949, Minoru Yamasaki had had years of experience with New Yorks top a

13、rchitectural firms.（分数：1.00）A.tallestB.chiefC.exceptD.like27.I could never spend the time that he does poring over sports magazines, compiling intricate lists, and calculating averages.（分数：1.00）A.delicateB.incomprehensibleC.meaninglessD.complicated28.His strange behavior had greatly _ me and my frie

14、nds as well that evening.（分数：1.00）A.perplexedB.exhaustedC.exclaimedD.exceeded29.Ice skates manufactured entirely of iron were first sold in the 1800s.（分数：1.00）A.mainlyB.successfullyC.solelyD.routinely30.In various parts of the world, the devout participate enthusiastically in public procession durin

15、g the major events of the liturgical year.（分数：1.00）A.piousB.seriousC.diseasedD.misled31.Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.（分数：1.00）A.outlandishB.exclusiveC.exemptedD.remote32.Biologists have ascertained that specialized

16、cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.（分数：1.00）A.determinedB.arguedC.pretendedD.hypothesized33.Some would consider that an infringement of good manners whereas others would not.（分数：1.00）A.an exampleB.a violationC.a problemD.an indication34.When plutonium undergoes fission, its atoms b

17、reak apart, giving off a great deal of energy（分数：1.00）A.recoilB.softenC.festerD.split35.The meeting was _ over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.（分数：1.00）A.presumedB.propelledC.presidedD.pricked36.The debtors did not allow them to _ payment of their debts.（分数：1.00）A.deferB.inferC.con

18、ferD.refer37.The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention.（分数：1.00）A.relied uponB.hinderedC.linked withD.imitated38.They awoke to find toe maid had left the remnants of dinner on the table.（分数：1.00）A.list of items forB.invitations toC.leftov

19、ers ofD.preparations for39.They worked for three days in _ without feeling tried.A successive B. succession C. succeeding D. successful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.40.He gradually _ that her parents had been right and his decision had to be modified.（分数：1.00）A.perceivedB.pioneeredC.plaguedD.transformed二、Part Re

20、ading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In our society the razor of necessity cuts close. You must make a buck to survive the day. You must work to. make a buck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dul

21、ls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a questioning of this “work ethic“, especially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others hitherto silent and anonymous.Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent by

22、blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secretaries tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways middle-management men pose without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job.In all, there is more than a slight ache. And

23、there dangles the impertinent question: Should there not be another increment, earned though not yet received, to ones daily workan acknowledgment of a mans being? In fact, what all of us are looking for is a calling, not just a job. Jobs alone are not being enough for people.（分数：5.00）(1).“In our so

24、ciety the razor of necessity cuts close“ in the first line means _.（分数：1.00）A.there is a shortage of daily necessitiesB.people fight each other for necessitiesC.most people feel the financial pressureD.everyone lives a hard life(2).The “work ethic“ referred to in the first paragraph can be interpret

25、ed as _.（分数：1.00）A.one works mainly to keep body and soul togetherB.one must work not only for money, but also for delightC.one must understand that jobs as choresD.one should earn as much money a day as possible(3).Middle-management men flee city and job because _.（分数：1.00）A.they have lost their gr

26、aceB.they are tired by the long days workC.they dont want to see the tense and pinched faces of their clerks and secretariesD.they are frightened by the profound grievances shown by the young people(4).The phrase “increment, earned though not received“ in the third paragraph means _（分数：1.00）A.money

27、one has earned and will be paid laterB.money one has earned, but will not Be paid to him / herC.something that one earns through a job, but is not counted in terms of payD.something that one earns that has nothing to do with his or her job(5).The main idea of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.in modern s

28、ociety people are under great work pressureB.nowadays people want to enjoy life more than do hard workC.work should be to people more than just a means to surviveD.more jobs of delight should be created for people五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the ac

29、cused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.“ Tha

30、t is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make repayment for this offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal

31、 codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to

32、the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his life will pay his debt The demand for the death penalty

33、is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he deserves.Modern jurists have tried to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It

34、 tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. Ther

35、efore, his conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means _.（分数：1.00）A.a criminal must be severely punishedB.a criminal must be given a punishment that is e

36、xactly the same as the crime he has doneC.a criminal must be given a punishment that he deservesD.a criminal must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth(2).The result of deserved-punishment justice is _.（分数：1.00）A.the criminals winning of a true lifeB.the criminals taking death penalty for the cr

37、ime committed by himC.the criminals denial of his true selfD.the restoration of the criminals guilty self to the self before the crime(3).In the sentence: “society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed“ the underlined part can be interpreted a

38、s: society _.（分数：1.00）A.was in debt to the criminal and must put him into operation as a punishmentB.should consider punishment as something it must do so that the criminal can get paid back for his crimeC.owed the criminal equality and must first show it in actionD.owed an operation of equal crime

39、to the criminal(4).The main difference between deserved-punishment and corrective justice is _.（分数：1.00）A.the latter is for non-punishment equalityB.the latter has an eye for an eye equality of punishmentC.the latter places the criminals equal rights in life above everything elseD.the latter focuses

40、 on both reforming the criminal and giving him new opportunities in society(5).Compared with the old justice concept, modern law as shown in this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.less vengefulB.less effectiveC.less justD.less reasonable六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A new biotechnology procedure that could be

41、come commercially available in as little as two to four years is “transgenesis“, which permits scientists to create an animal with specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The additional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occ

42、urs in mosquitoessay, one that codes for resistance to a certain diseaseit can be removed and places in the embryo of a farm animal. The several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to infl

43、uenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable pharmaceuticals in their milk.The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the

44、new gene joins one of the embryos strands of genes. Each cell created as the embryo divides gets a copy of the new gene. An alternative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus that has bean modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell. The viru

45、s, which cannot cause disease, delivers the gene to the cells nucleus- Often this method is better than gene injection because a retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete.（分数：5.00）(1).The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly conce

46、rns_.（分数：1.00）A.embryosB.pigs, sheep and goatsC.commercial scienceD.improvement of animal strains(2).In the first sentence, “to become commercially available“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.this procedure is available only on the marketB.this procedure can be used in producing better farm animalsC.This procedur

47、e can be used to promote businessD.People such as farmers can use this procedure in their production(3).The transgenic farm animals mentioned in this passage are _.（分数：1.00）A.pigs, cows and mosquitoes that have gone through the transgenic procedureB.pigs, cows, sheep and chickens that have accepted

48、additional genesC.leaner pigs, poultry that produce pharmaceuticals and healthier sheepD.leaner pigs, chickens resisting diseases and goats that produce milk with medicine in it(4).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.After injection, the embryo gets a copy of the new gene as it divides.B.T

49、he injection method is less good because the new gene sometimes fails to join the embryos genes.C.The retrovirus multiplies after it enters the cell.D.the incorporating method is less simple but better.(5).The tone of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.factualC.humorousD.romantic七、Section B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)GeniusThe greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. Th