【考研类试卷】工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理反对(一)及答案解析.doc
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1、工商管理硕士入学考试-逻辑推理反对(一)及答案解析(总分:250.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数:50,分数:250.00)1.A researcher studying drug addicts found that, on average, they tend to manipulate other people a great deal more than nonaddicts do. The researcher concluded that people who frequently manipulate other people are likely to be
2、come addicts.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the researchers conclusion?(A) After becoming addicted to drugs, drug addicts learn to manipulate other people as a way of obtaining drugs.(B) When they are imprisoned, drug addicts often use their ability to manipulate other peopl
3、e to obtain better living conditions.(C) Some nonaddicts manipulate other people more than some addicts do.(D) People who are likely to become addicts exhibit unusual behavior patterns other than frequent manipulation of other people.(E) The addicts that the researcher studied were often unsuccessfu
4、l in obtaining what they wanted when they manipulated other people.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.E.2.It is repeatedly claimed that the dumping of nuclear waste poses no threat to people living nearby. If this claim could be made with certainty, there would be no reason for not locating sites in areas of dense po
5、pulation. But the policy of dumping nuclear waste only in the more sparsely populated regions indicates, at the very least, some misgiving about safety on the part of those responsible for policy.Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument?(A) Evacuation plans in th
6、e event of an accident could not be guaranteed to work perfectly except where the population is small.(B) In the event of an accident, it is certain that fewer people would be harmed in a sparsely populated than in a densely populated area.(C) Dumping of nuclear waste poses fewer economic and bureau
7、cratic problems in sparsely populated than in densely populated areas.(D) There are dangers associated with chemical waste, and it, too, is dumped away from areas of dense population.(E) Until there is no shred of doubt that nuclear dumps are safe, it makes sense to situate them where they pose the
8、least threat to the public.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.E.3.Companies considering new cost-cutting manufacturing processes often compare the projected results of making the investment against the alternative of not making the investment with costs, selling prices, and share of market remaining constant.Which of
9、 the following, assuming that each is a realistic possibility, constitutes the most serious disadvantage for companies of using the method above for evaluating the financial benefit of new manufacturing processes?(A) The costs of materials required by the new process might not be known with certaint
10、y.(B) In several years interest rates might go down, reducing the interest costs of borrowing money to pay for the investment.(C) Some cost-cutting processes might require such expensive investments that there would be no net gain for many years, until the investment was paid for by savings in the m
11、anufacturing process.(D) Competitors that do invest in a new process might reduce their selling prices and thus take market share away from companies that do not.(E) The period of year chosen for averaging out the cost of the investment might be somewhat longer or shorter, thus affecting the result.
12、(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.E.4.Low-income families are often unable to afford as much child care as they need. One government program would award low-income femilies a refund on the income taxes they pay of as much as $1,000 for each child under age four. This program would make it possible for all low-income
13、 families with children under age four to obtain more child care than they otherwise would have been able to afford.Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the claim that the program would make it possible for all low-income families to obtain more child care?(A) The aver
14、age family with children under age four spends more than $1,000 a year on child care.(B) Some low-income families in which one of the parents is usually available to care for children under age four may not want to spend their income tax refund on child care.(C) The reduction in government revenues
15、stemming from the income tax refund will necessitate cuts in other government programs, such as grants for higher education.(D) Many low-income families with children under age four do not pay any income taxes because their total income is too low to be subject to such taxes.(E) Income taxes have in
16、creased substantially over the past twenty years, reducing the money that low-income families have available to spend on child care.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.E.5.In a recent study, sedentary middle-aged men who drink more than two cups of coffee a day were found more likely than other sedentary middle-aged m
17、en to have a high blood level of cholesterol, which is a factor increasing risk of heart disease. Cholesterol can reach the blood from food and drink but is not contained in coffee.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens a conclusion from the study that for sedentary middle-aged men
18、coffee increases the risk of heart attack?(A) A sedentary style of life increases levels of cholesterol in the blood.(B) Coffee contains caffeine, which acts as a stimulant that increases heart rate.(C) The men studied drank their coffee without milk or cream, which contain cholesterol.(D) In both g
19、roups, the men were likely to be overweight, and excess weight is a factor that increases risk of heart diseases.(E) The men who drank more than two cups of coffee a day also ate more foods high in cholesterol.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.E.6.A study of marital relationships in which one partners sleeping and w
20、aking cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can
21、seriously jeopardize a marriage.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couples marriage.(B) The sleeping and waking cycl
22、es of individuals tend to vary from season to season.(C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.(D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different
23、 sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.(E) According to a recent study, most peoples sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.(分数:5.00)A.B.C.D.E.7.Prominent business executives often play active roles in United States presidential campaigns as fundraisers or ba
24、ckroom strategists, but few actually seek to become president themselves. Throughout history the great majority of those who have sought to become president have been lawyers, military leaders, or full-time politicians. This is understandable, for the personality and skills that make for success in
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