IEEE 399-1997 en Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (IEEE Brown Book (Color Book Series Best Copy Available)《工业及商业电力系统分析用.pdf

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1、 Recognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)IEEE Std 399-1997IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems AnalysisSponsorPower Systems Engineering Committeeof theIndustrial and Commercial Power Systems Departmentof theIEEE Industry Applications SocietyApproved 16 Septe

2、mber 1997IEEE Standards BoardApproved 28 April 1998American National Standards InstituteAbstract:This Recommended Practice is a reference source for engineers involved inindustrial and commercial power systems analysis. It contains a thorough analysis of the powersystem data required, and the techni

3、ques most commonly used in computer-aided analysis, inorder to perform specific power system studies of the following: short-circuit, load flow, motor-starting, cable ampacity, stability, harmonic analysis, switching transient, reliability, groundmat, protective coordination, dc auxiliary power syst

4、em, and power system modeling.Keywords: cable ampacity, dc power system studies, ground mat studies, harmonic analysis,load flow studies, motor-starting studies, power system analysis, power system modeling,power system studies, protective coordination studies, reliability studies, short-circuit stu

5、dies,stability studies, switching transient studies.Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following organization for having granted permission to reprintillustrations in this document as listed below:The General Electric Company, Schenectady, NY, for Figures 16-2, 16-4, 16-6, and 16-7.First Printin

6、gAugust 1998SH94571The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1998 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 1998. Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN 1-55937-968-5N

7、o part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies andthe Standards Coordinating Committees of the

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17、 Danvers, MA 01923 USA; (508) 750-8400. Per-mission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also beobtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard mayrequire use of subject ma

18、tter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard,no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights inconnection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents forwhich a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conductin

19、g inquiries intothe legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.ivIntroduction(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 399-1997, IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial andCommercial Power Systems Analysis.)This Recommended Practice, commonly known as the “Brown B

20、ook,” is intended as apractical, general treatise on power system analysis theory and as an engineers referencesource on the techniques that are most commonly applied to the computer-aided analysis ofelectric power systems in industrial plants and commercial buildings. The Brown Book is auseful supp

21、lement to several other power system analysis texts that appear in the referencesand bibliography subclauses of the various chapters of this book. The Brown Book is bothcomplementary and supplementary to the rest of the Color Book series.One new and important chapter has been added: Chapter 16, enti

22、tled “DC auxiliary powersystem analysis.” All the other chapters in this new edition have been revised and updatedin some cases quite substantiallyto reflect current technology.To many members of the working group who wrote and developed this RecommendedPractice, the Brown Book has become a true lab

23、or of love. The dedication and support ofeach individual member is clearly evident in every chapter of the Brown Book. Theseindividuals deserve our many thanks for their excellent contributions.vThe Brown Book Working Group for the 1997 edition had the following membership:L. Guy Jackson, ChairChapt

24、er 1: IntroductionL. Guy Jackson,Chair;George A. TerryChapter 2: Applications of power system analysisL. Guy Jackson,Chair;George A. TerryChapter 3: Analytical proceduresM. Shan Griffith,Chair; Anthony J. RodolakisChapter 4: System modelingStephen S. Miller, Co-Chair; Mark Halpin; Co-Chair; Matt McB

25、urnett; Anthony J. Rodolakis; Michael S. TuckerChapter 5: Computer solutions and systemsGlenn E. Word,Chair; Anthony J. RodolakisChapter 6: Load flow studiesChet E. Davis,Co-Chair; James W. Feltes, Co-Chair; Mark Halpin; Anthony J. RodolakisChapter 7: Short-circuit studiesAnthony J. Rodolakis,Chair;

26、 William M. Hall; Mark Halpin; Michael E. Lick; Matt McBurnett; Conrad St. PierreChapter 8: Stability studiesWei-Jen Lee,Co-Chair; Mark Halpin, Co-Chair; Matt McBurnett; Anthony J. RodolakisChapter 9: Motor-starting studiesM. Shan Griffith,Co-Chair; Mike Aimone, Co-Chair; Anthony J. RodolakisChapter

27、 10: Harmonic analysis studiesSuresh C. Kapoor,Chair; M. Shan Griffith; Mark HalpinChapter 11: Switching transient studiesCarlos B. Pinheiro,ChairChapter 12: Reliability studiesMichael R. Albright,ChairChapter 13: Cable ampacity studiesFarrokh Shokooh,ChairChapter 14: Ground mat studiesM. Shan Griff

28、ith,Chair; Anthony J. RodolakisChapter 15: Coordination studiesA. Elizabeth Ronat,Chair; Mike Aimone; Michael E. Lick; John F. WitteChapter 16: DC auxiliary power system analysisKenneth Fleishcher,Co-Chair; Scott Munnings, Co-Chair; Ajkit K. Hiranandani; Gene A. PolettoOthers who contributed to the

29、development of this document are as follows:J. J. Dia A. D. Patton George W. WalshC. R. Heising David Shipp Erzhuan ZhouviThe following persons were on the balloting committee:Mike A. Aimone Don O. Koval Brian RenerMichael R. Albright Wei-Jen Lee Rasheek RifaatRobert J. Beaker Michael E. Lick Milton

30、 D. RobinsonReuben F. Burch IV Matt McBurnett Anthony RodolakisChet Davis Richard H. McFadden A. Elizabeth RonatJames W. Feltes Reg Mendis Donald R. RuthmanLandis H. Floyd Steve S. Miller Vincent SaporitaJerry M. Frank Daleep Mohla Lynn F. SaundersDan Goldberg William J. Moylan Stan ShillingM. Shan

31、Griffith R. Scott Munnings David ShippWilliam M. Hall Andrew T. Morris Farrokh ShokoohMark S. Halpin Ed Palko Conrad R. St. PierreL. Guy Jackson Gene A. Poletto Erzhuan ZhouSuresh C. Kapoor Donald W. ZipseviiWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on 16 September 1997, it had thefollowi

32、ng membership: Donald C. Loughry,ChairRichard J. Holleman,Vice ChairAndrew G. Salem,SecretaryClyde R. Camp Lowell Johnson Louis-Franois PauStephen L. Diamond Robert Kenelly Gerald H. PetersonHarold E. Epstein E.G. “Al” Kiener John W. PopeDonald C. Fleckenstein Joseph L. Koepfinger* Jose R. RamosJay

33、Forster* Stephen R. Lambert Ronald H. ReimerThomas F. Garrity Lawrence V. McCall Ingo RschDonald N. Heirman L. Bruce McClung John S. RyanJim Isaak Marco W. Migliaro Chee Kiow TanBen C. Johnson Howard L. Wolfman*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:Sa

34、tish K. AggarwalAlan H. CooksonPaula M. KeltyIEEE Standards Project EditorNational Electrical Code and NEC are both registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.ixContentsChapter 1Overview 11.1 Scope and general information . 11.2 History of power system studies . 11.3 Appl

35、ying power system analysis techniques to industrial andcommercial power systems . 21.4 Purposes of this Recommended Practice 21.5 References.5Chapter 2Applications of power system analysis 72.1 Introduction.72.2 Load flow analysis 72.3 Short-circuit analysis. 82.4 Stability analysis . 82.5 Motor-sta

36、rting analysis . 82.6 Harmonic analysis. 92.7 Switching transients analysis 102.8 Reliability analysis 102.9 Cable ampacity analysis 102.10 Ground mat analysis 112.11 Protective device coordination analysis 112.12 DC auxiliary power system analysis. 12Chapter 3Analytical procedures 133.1 Introductio

37、n. 133.2 Fundamentals 143.3 Bibliography 40Chapter 4System modeling 434.1 Introduction. 434.2 Modeling . 434.3 Review of basics . 444.4 Power network solution 494.5 Impedance diagram . 534.6 Extent of the model . 544.7 Models of branch elements . 554.8 Power system data development . 714.9 Models of

38、 bus elements. 80x4.10 References. 994.11 Bibliography 100Chapter 5Computer solutions and systems 1035.1 Introduction. 1035.2 Numerical solution techniques 1045.3 Computer systems . 1225.4 Bibliography 129Chapter 6Load flow studies. 1336.1 Introduction. 1336.2 System representation . 1346.3 Input da

39、ta. 1376.4 Load flow solution methods 1406.5 Load flow analysis 1496.6 Load flow study example 1516.7 Load flow programs 1626.8 Conclusions. 162Chapter 7Short-circuit studies . 1657.1 Introduction and scope 1657.2 Extent and requirements of short-circuit studies. 1667.3 System modeling and computati

40、onal techniques 1687.4 Fault analysis according to industry standards . 1727.5 Factors affecting the accuracy of short-circuit studies 1797.6 Computer solutions . 1827.7 Example 1877.8 References. 2037.9 Bibliography 206Chapter 8Stability studies 2098.1 Introduction. 2098.2 Stability fundamentals. 2

41、098.3 Problems caused by instability 2168.4 System disturbances that can cause instability 2168.5 Solutions to stability problems 2178.6 System stability analysis . 2188.7 Stability studies of industrial power systems 2238.8 Summary and conclusions . 2288.9 Bibliography 229xiChapter 9Motor-starting

42、studies 2319.1 Introduction. 2319.2 Need for motor-starting studies. 2319.3 Recommendations. 2359.4 Types of studies 2379.5 Data requirements . 2389.6 Solution procedures and examples 2419.7 Summary . 2599.8 References. 2639.9 Bibliography 263Chapter 10Harmonic analysis studies 26510.1 Introduction.

43、 26510.2 Background . 26610.3 Purpose of harmonic study 26710.4 General theory. 26810.5 System modeling. 27610.6 Example solutions . 29010.7 Remedial measures . 30210.8 Harmonic standards. 30710.9 References. 30910.10 Bibliography 309Chapter 11Switching transient studies 31311.1 Power system switchi

44、ng transients . 31311.2 Switching transient studies 33811.3 Switching transientsfield measurements. 35911.4 Typical circuit parameters for transient studies 36311.5 References. 36711.6 Bibliography 367Chapter 12Reliability studies. 37512.2 Definitions. 37512.3 System reliability indexes . 37712.4 Da

45、ta needed for system reliability evaluations . 37712.5 Method for system reliability evaluation 37812.6 References. 380xiiChapter 13Cable ampacity studies 38313.1 Introduction. 38313.2 Heat flow analysis. 38413.3 Application of computer program. 38613.4 Ampacity adjustment factors 38813.5 Example 39

46、913.6 Conclusion 40313.7 References. 40413.8 Bibliography 404Chapter 14Ground mat studies 40714.1 Introduction. 40714.2 Justification for ground mat studies 40714.3 Modeling the human body 40714.4 Traditional analysis of the ground mat . 41014.5 Advanced grid modeling. 41514.6 Benchmark problems 418

47、14.7 Input/output techniques. 42014.8 Sample problem 42014.9 Conclusion 42014.10 Reference 42314.11 Bibliography 424Chapter 15Coordination studies 42915.1 Introduction. 42915.2 Basics of coordination. 43015.3 Computer programs for coordination 43515.4 Common structure for computer programs. 43615.5

48、How to make use of coordination software. 44115.6 Verifying the results 44315.7 Equipment needs . 44315.8 Conclusion 44415.9 Bibliography 444Chapter 16DC auxiliary power system analysis 44516.1 Introduction. 44516.2 Purpose of the recommended practice 44516.3 Application of dc power system analysis

49、44516.4 Analytical procedures . 446xiii16.5 System modeling. 44616.6 Load flow/voltage drop studies. 46116.7 Short-circuit studies 46416.8 International guidance on dc short-circuit calculations 46616.9 Bibliography 466Index 469Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems AnalysisChapter 1Overview1.1 Scope and general informationThis Recommended Practice, commonly known as the IEEE Brown Book, is published bythe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) as a reference source to giv