ASTM D6037-2018 Standard Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings.pdf

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1、Designation: D6037 18Standard Test Methods forDry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating therelative mar resistance of high gloss coatings. Two testmethods are included. T

3、est Method A uses a device that rotatesthe test specimen on a vertical axis, against the sliding rotationof two abrading wheels. Test Method B uses a device thatreciprocates a specimen in a horizontal plane over a stationarywheel that has been fitted with abrasive paper and is advancedafter each dou

4、ble stroke. Either method can be used to evaluatethe dry abrasion mar resistance of coatings applied to planar,rigid surfaces. Each test method provides good discriminationbetween highly mar resistant coatings.NOTE 1The mar resistance values obtained by these test methods haveno absolute significanc

5、e. They should only be used to derive relativeperformance rankings for test panels that have been prepared from theseries of coatings that are currently being evaluated. If mar resistancevalues are quoted between laboratories, it is essential that a commonstandard be measured and that the values be

6、compared to that standard.Even then, the values should be used with caution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its

7、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized princi

8、ples on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D523 Test Method for Specular Glo

9、ssD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness

10、 of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedMaterials (Withdrawn 2016)3D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD4449 Test Method for Visual Evaluation of

11、Gloss Differ-ences Between Surfaces of Similar AppearanceD7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Applied to Non-Ferrous MetalsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inA

12、STM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 mar resistance, nthe ability of a coating to resistpermanent deformation or fracture, resulting from the applica-tion

13、 of a dynamic mechanical force.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The coatings that are being evaluated are applied atuniform dry film thickness to planar panels of uniform surface1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications

14、 and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied PaintFilms.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6037 131. DOI:10.1520/D6037-18.2For referenced ASTM standards,

15、visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summar

16、y of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i

17、n the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1texture. After drying or curing, or both, the panels are marred.Mar resistance is assessed by measuring the coati

18、ngs glosswithin the abraded and unabraded areas of test panels. Marresistance is directly related to the coatings ability to retaingloss in abraded areas.NOTE 2Subjective evaluations may be made visually by comparingabraded panels with a measured abraded standard using one of theprocedures in Test M

19、ethod D4449.5. Significance and Use5.1 Coatings, particularly the high gloss coatings used onautomobiles, boats, toys, etc., are subject to a wide variety ofconditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, and exposure) thatcan mar their surface. The ability of these coatings to maintaintheir appearance i

20、s an important product attribute. These testmethods provide a way to estimate the ability of high glosscoatings to resist mar damage.5.2 These test methods do not provide fundamental values.However they are suitable for estimating the ability of highgloss coatings to resist mar.5.3 Since the suscept

21、ibility of coatings to marring varieswidely, the number of cycles that are needed to cause “rel-evant” mar damage also varies. Usually, 2 to 50 cycles aresufficient.TEST METHOD A6. Apparatus6.1 Application Equipment, as described in Practices D609and D823.6.2 Film Thickness Measuring Apparatus, as d

22、escribed inTest Methods D1005 or D7091.6.3 Abrader (Fig. 1)4An abrasion tester as described inTest Method D4060 shall be used. In this method onlythe 500 g load per wheel is used unless otherwise specified.6.4 Refacing Discan S-11 refacing disc4for resurfacingthe abrasive wheels.6.5 Abrasive Wheels“

23、Calibrase” wheels CS-10,4unlessotherwise specified or agreed upon by the interested parties.Wheels that have worn to the diameter of the wheel label mustnot be used. Prior to testing, ensure the expiration date has notpassed.6.6 Glossmeter, with 20 geometry complying with TestMethod D523 but with an

24、 opening no larger than 25 mm by 75mm to accommodate 100 mm by 100 mm test panels. Inaddition, geometry that places the panel with the test surfacefacing upwards tends to minimize the chance of stray lightaffecting the measurement when complete coverage of theopening is not attained.NOTE 3For coatin

25、gs that are semi- to high-gloss, a glossmeter with a60 geometry may be better suited.7. Preparation of Specimens7.1 Apply a uniform coating of the material to be tested torigid panels having both surfaces substantially plane andparallel. Specimens shall be a disk or a square plate with a 6.5mm hole

26、centrally located on each panel. Typical dimensionsfor a test panel are 100 mm in diameter or 100 mm by 100 mm.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, p

27、lease provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Abrader for Method AD6037 182Thickness of the specimen should be no greater than 6.5 mmunless an S-21 e

28、xtension nut5is utilized.7.2 Prepare and coat panels in accordance with PracticesD609 and D823.7.2.1 Panels,5that is, metal panels with a 6.5 mm holedrilled in the center to accommodate the mounting spindle, areavailable.7.2.2 If it is not convenient to apply test coatings to panels,5other planar, d

29、istortion-free substrates can be used by substi-tuting a “Drive Pin Type” specimen holder for the standardpanel holder.NOTE 4It is important that the panels be planar for reproducibleresults. Cutting and drilling of painted panels is not recommended.NOTE 5Measurements are color dependent. Dark color

30、s give lowervalues of gloss retention. To standardize, it is recommended that testing bedone using a black coating. Clearcoats are applied over a black basecoat.For other colors a black panel should be included as a control.8. Standardization8.1 To ensure that the abrading function of the wheels ism

31、aintained at a constant level, prepare the abrading wheelsprior to each test.8.1.1 Mount the abrasive wheels on their respective flangeholders, taking care not to handle them by their abrasivesurfaces.8.1.2 A load of 500 g (per wheel) shall be used, unlessotherwise agreed upon by the interested part

32、ies.8.1.3 Mount an S-11 abrasive disc on the turntable andsecure in place with the clamp plate, nut and clamping ring.Lower the abrading heads carefully until the wheels restsquarely on the abrasive disc. Place the vacuum pick-up nozzlein position and adjust it to a distance of 3 mm 61 mm abovethe S

33、-11 refacing disc.8.1.4 Set the vacuum suction force to 100.8.1.5 Resurface the wheels by running them 25 cycles. Ineach case lightly brush the residue from the resurfacingoperation off each wheel. Each S-11 resurfacing disk is goodfor one resurfacing operation, after which it shall be discarded.9.

34、Conditioning9.1 Cure the coated panels under conditions of temperatureand humidity as agreed upon between the interested parties.9.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon, condition the coatedpanels for at least 24 h at 23C 6 2C and 50 % 6 5 % relativehumidity in accordance with Specification D3924. Conduct

35、thetest in the same environment or immediately after removaltherefrom.10. Procedure10.1 Using a glossmeter that is calibrated and verified foraccuracy, measure the 20 gloss (see Note 3) at four positionswithin the test area that will be abraded, approximately 38 mmfrom the center of the specimen and

36、 90 apart. Record themean of these four readings as “Unabraded Gloss.”NOTE 6It is recommended that the panel be marked, or a template becreated, to ensure that measurements are taken in the area that will beabraded.10.2 Mount the test panel on the turntable with the side to beabraded facing up. Lowe

37、r the abrasive wheels, adjust thevacuum pick-up nozzle as outlined in 8.1.3, and set the vacuumsuction as outlined in 8.1.4. Affix the auxiliary masses marked500 g to each pivoted arm and subject the test panel to abrasionfor a selected number of cycles. An abrasion of 10 cycles istypically used, un

38、less otherwise agreed upon (see 5.3). Use asoft bristle brush or compressed air to remove residue from thespecimen after abrasion.10.3 Repeating 10.1, measure the gloss at four positionswithin the abraded area immediately following the abrasiontest unless otherwise agreed upon by the interested part

39、ies.Record the mean of these four readings as “Abraded Gloss.”10.3.1 If the panel was marked for measurement of un-abraded gloss, the glossmeter can be easily placed in thecorrect position for measuring abraded gloss. However, tocompensate for any abrasion unevenness, it may be desirable tomake mino

40、r adjustments to panel position to get the four lowestgloss readings within the abraded area.10.4 Calculate the percent gloss retention for each panelfrom the following equation:percent gloss retention 5 100 3 abraded gloss/unabraded gloss! (1)10.5 Repeat 10.1 10.4 on at least one additional testspe

41、cimen of the material under test.NOTE 7While the minimum of two coated panels is acceptable,evaluating three or more panels per material will provide greater confi-dence in your test results.10.6 Calculate the grand mean from the means obtained foreach of the panels used to test a particular coating

42、 and report asthe percent gloss retention for that coating.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The percent gloss retention values that were obtainedfor each coating in the series.11.1.2 The number of panels that were tested for each of thecoatings evaluated.11.1.3 The abrasive whe

43、el, load, and number of cycles used.11.1.4 A plot of percent gloss retention versus number ofabrasion cycles, if more than one number of abrasion cycleswas used.11.1.5 Any deviation from the test procedure.12. Precision and Bias612.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is basedon an interlabo

44、ratory study of ASTM D6037, Test Methods forDry Abrasion Mar Resistance of High Gloss Coatings 5The sole source of supply of primed Taber panels known to the committee atthis time is ACT Test Panels, LLC, 273 Industrial Drive, Hillsdale, MI. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide t

45、his information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1

46、170. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D6037 183MethodA, conducted in 2012. Each of eight laboratories testedthree or four different materials. Every “test result” representsan individual determination, and all participants were asked toreport five test results. Unabraded and abraded gl

47、oss weremeasured and reported with both 20 and 60 geometry for allsamples. Practice E691 was followed for the design andanalysis of the data; the details are given in ASTM ResearchReport RR:D01-1170.12.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitiveresults obtained by the same operator in a g

48、iven laboratoryapplying the same test method with the same apparatus underconstant operating conditions on identical test material withinshort intervals of time would in the long run, in the normal andcorrect operation of the test method, exceed the followingvalues only in one case in 20.12.1.1.1 Re

49、peatability can be interpreted as maximum dif-ference between two results, obtained under repeatabilityconditions that are accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test method.12.1.1.2 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 1 and 2.12.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between twosingle and independent results obtained by different operatorsapplying the same test method in different laboratories usingdifferent apparatus on identical test material would, in the longrun, in the normal and correct operatio