ASTM B39-1979(2018) Standard Specification for Nickel.pdf

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1、Designation: B39 79 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Specification forNickel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B39; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic

2、ates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers refined nickel primarily pro-duced from ore or matte or similar raw material. The principalcommercial forms are cathodes, briquettes, an

3、d pellets.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if

4、 any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateSafety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as providedby the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health,and environmen

5、tal practices, and determine the applicabilityof regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Gu

6、ides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE39 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel (Withdr

7、awn1995)33. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Name of material (nickel),3.1.2 ASTM designation (E39),3.1.3 Form (state whether cathodes, briquettes, or pellets),and3.1.4 Size (Section 5).4. Chemical Composition4.1 The ni

8、ckel shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.4.2 More restrictive compositions for certain products maybe available. The user is referred to his nickel supplier.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 The various forms and sizes commercially available areas follows:Form SizeCathodes 112 by

9、114 by58 in. (38 by 32 by 16 mm)Briquettes pillow shaped, about by in. (38 by 32 by 16 mm)Pellets roughly spherical, about14 in. (6.3 mm) diameter6. Sampling6.1 CathodesCathodes may be sampled using either of thefollowing procedures:6.1.1 Template Drilling Procedure:6.1.1.1 Sampling of electronickel

10、 cathodes is done on onecathode removed for this purpose from every 60 cathodesproduced. A template is used to drill successive cathodesdiagonally from corner to corner. Using a suitable drill, one58-in. (16-mm) hole is drilled through each cathode, starting atthe first hole in the template and prog

11、ressing diagonally, withholes at 314-in. (83-mm) centers. No lubricants shall be used.The drill shall be clean and the drilling speed shall be regulatedto avoid excessive heating.6.1.1.2 The 4 to 8-in. (102 to 203-mm) drilling spirals arecut to14-in. (6-mm) pieces. These cuttings are washed inboilin

12、g distilled water then quartered to provide the sample.6.1.2 Alternatively, sheared cathodes may be sampled bytaking pieces at random from the bottom, middle, and top ofeach package or container. The following number of piecesshall be taken from each drum (containing 500 to 700 lb (227to 317 kg):1Th

13、is specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.07 on Refined Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previo

14、us edition approved in 2013 as B39 79 (2013). DOI:10.1520/B0039-79R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM

15、 website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized princi

16、ples on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11-in. 2-in. 4-in.(25.4- (50.8- (101.6-mm)mm) mm) squares andShipment Lot squ

17、ares squares larger sizes20 to 25 tons(18 000 to23 000 kg)42 115 to 20 tons(14 000 to18 000 kg)42 110 tons (9000 kg) 5 3 25 tons (4500 kg) 6 4 36.1.2.1 When the nickel is shipped in packages or containersother than drums, the number of pieces taken shall be adjustedproportionately to the change in p

18、ackage weight in relation todrums.6.1.2.2 The sample shall be reduced further by shearing,milling, or shaping. One corner (weight about 2 g) shall besheared from each 1-in. (25.4-mm) square when the samplecontains 300 pieces or more. If the sample contains less than300 pieces, two opposite corners s

19、hall be sheared from eachsquare.6.1.2.3 The 2-in. (50.8-mm) and 4-in. (101.6-mm) squaresshall be sampled with a milling machine or shaper. On oneedge of each square, a cleaning or smoothing cut and then asampling cut shall be made to obtain 1 to2gofchips from a2-in. square or 2 to 4 g from a 4-in. s

20、quare. No lubricants shallbe used. The cutting tool shall be clean and the speed and depthof cutting shall be regulated to avoid excessive heating.6.1.2.4 The corner pieces, or the chips obtained in the abovemanner, shall be mixed thoroughly and reduced by samplesplitter or by coning and quartering

21、on a clean surface until thefinal sample is about 100 g.6.2 Briquettes:6.2.1 In all shipments of nickel briquettes, samples will betaken at the rate of 15 briquettes/2000 lb (910 kg). Thisrepresents a selection of 3 briquettes taken from the top, center,and bottom of each 400-lb (180-kg) drum.6.2.2

22、Each briquette should be drilled through the center. Nolubricants shall be used. The drill shall be clean and the drillingspeed shall be regulated to avoid excessive heating. Thedrillings are thoroughly mixed and divided by split sampleruntil the sample for analysis is about 100 g.6.3 Pellets:6.3.1

23、One out of every ten 500-lb (225-kg) drums shall beselected for sampling. At least 30 pellets shall be taken fromeach of the selected drums. The selected pellets shall be mixedand divided until the sample for analysis is about 100 g.6.3.2 Since the pellets dissolve readily in nitric acid (1 + 1),the

24、re is no need to prepare drillings. In carrying out thechemical analysis, at least 3 pellets should be dissolved and anappropriate portion taken for analysis. When small sampleweights are required, at least 5 pellets shall be drilled com-pletely through the center of each pellet and the drillingsmix

25、ed.6.4 Sampling for Referee AnalysisWhere samples arerequired for referee analysis, the shipment will be resampledby one of the methods described above or on a basis agreedupon by buyer and producer. The samples obtained shall bedivided into three parts for purchaser, manufacturer, andreferee, respe

26、ctively.7. Chemical Analysis7.1 Chemical analysis shall, in case of disagreement, bemade in accordance with Methods E39. Where no adequatemethod is given in Methods E39 for analysis of a particularelement, the analysis shall be made in accordance with aprocedure agreed upon by the manufacturer and t

27、he consumer.Such procedure shall apply to referee analysis.7.2 For purposes of compliance with the specified chemicalcomposition limits, the reported analysis shall be rounded tothe nearest unit in the right-hand place of figures used inexpressing the limiting value, in accordance with the roundingm

28、ethod of Practice E29.7.3 Elements listed in Table 1 as less than a certain limitmay be reported as less than that limit rather than a specificnumber.8. Rejection and Rehearing8.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of thisspecification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported to

29、the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In the case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 The material shall be packaged in sound containers orshipped in bulk so that the product is not los

30、t or contaminatedin shipment.10. Keywords10.1 refined nickelTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElementComposition,weight %Nickel, min 99.80Cobalt, max 0.15Copper, max 0.02Carbon, max 0.03Iron, max 0.02Sulfur, max 0.01Phosphorus, less than 0.005Manganese, less than 0.005Silicon, less than 0.005Arsenic, les

31、s than 0.005Lead, less than 0.005Antimony, less than 0.005Bismuth, less than 0.005Tin, less than 0.005Zinc, less than 0.005B39 79 (2018)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this sta

32、ndard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years an

33、dif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,

34、which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295

35、9,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 79 (2018)3