2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题05介词教学案.doc

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1、1专题 05 介词【2019 年高考考纲解读】介词的考查形式多样，除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外，在定语从句中，也常考查“介词关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高，如 with，beyond。连词考查较多的有：but 和 while， “祈使句and/or并列句”中的 and 和 or；另外，for 作为并列连词的用法也是一考点。【重点难点】一、介词 with 的用法主要有1表示“和在一起” ， “由陪同”或“有在场”The students went to the farm with their teachers.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。2表示“随着”Wit

2、h time passing, they have grown into big boys and big girls.随着时间的流逝，他们已经长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。3with 后面加复合宾语，说明附带情况He likes to sleep with the windows open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。4表示“具有；带有；包括在内”China is a country with a long history.中国是个历史悠久的国家。5表示原因或理由The little girl was trembling with fear.这个小女孩吓得发抖。 二、介词短语1动词介词account fo

3、r 说明 agree on 对达成协议 begin with 以开始 come across 碰见 go into 调查 keep from 阻止 look for 寻找 stand for 代表 agree with 同意(某人意见) answer for对负责 wait for 等待 decide on 对作出决定 head for 向前进 live on 靠生活 look into 调查 stick to 坚持 agree to 同意(某种安排等) aim at 针对 call for 要求 get into进入 hear from 接到的信、电话 look after 照顾 run i

4、nto 碰到 wait on 招待22动词副词介词add up to 合计达 come up with 提出 get on with 与相处融洽 look down upon 看不起 look up to 敬仰 (某人) put up with 忍受 come up against 遭到反对 do away with 废除 keep up with 跟上 look forward to 盼望 make up for 弥补 stand out for 坚决要求 come up to 达到 get down to 开始认真考虑 live up to 不辜负(期望) look out for 当心

5、run out of 用完 stick out for 坚持要求3动词名词介词catch sight of 突然看见 make room for 为腾出地方 take pride in 以为荣 make friends with 和交朋友 pay attention to 注意 show interest in 对感兴趣 make fun of 取笑 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加 【特别提醒】揭密常考的介词短语1含有 at 的短语,at a time 一次 at least 至少 at the same time 同时 at all costs 不惜一切代价

6、at most 至多 at times 有时候 at first 最初 at once 立即 at will 任意地 at last 最后 at present 目前 at work 起作用2含有 by 的短语,by accident 偶然 by day/night 白天/夜间 by heart 能背诵 by turns 轮流 by birth 出身 by no means 绝不 ,by chance 偶然 by mistake 错误地 by the way 顺便说一下 by chance 偶然 by mistake 错误地 by the way 顺便说一下3含有 in 的短语,in a se

7、nse 从某种意义上说 in case 假使 in fact 实际上,in ones opinion在某人看来 in other words 换句话说 in short 总之 in the long run 从长远来看 in advance 事先 in store 必将发生 in general 一般说来 in no time 立刻 in public 公开地 in vain 徒劳 in time 及时,in the meantime 同时 in danger 处于危险中 in turn 轮流 in order 井井有条 in return 作为回报 in the end 最后 in all

8、总共4含有 on 的短语,on average 平均 on foot 步行 on sale 在出售 on the way 在途中 on business 出差 on holiday 在休假 on strike 罢工 on time 准时 on duty 值日 on behalf of 代表 on the contrary 相反 on the spot 当场 on fire 着火 on purpose 故意地 on the other hand 另一方面5含有 out of 的短语,out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of date 过时 out of order 发生故障 out o

9、f patience 失去耐心 out of work 失业,out of control 失去控制 out of doors 在户外 out of question 毫无疑问 out of reach 拿不到 out of the question 不可能 out of danger 脱险 out of fashion 不合时尚 out of luck 倒霉 out of shape 变形 out of touch 失去联系3【题型示例】题型一 常用介词例 1(2017全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people

10、to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _work.【答案】from【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _their hands.【解析】用手吃饭，应用介词 with。 【答案】with【变式探究】(2016四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda _mo

11、re than two years.【解析】考查短语 for时间段，故应用介词 for。【答案】for题型二 介词的固定搭配例 2(2018全国)I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.答案 for解析 search for 寻找，为固定搭配。【变式探究】(2017全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree _ engin

12、eering or architecture.【解析】此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查 in 的本意“在方面” 。考生可能会误用 on 和 about，这两个介词本意为“关于” 。degree 与介词 in 搭配，表示在某方面的学位。【答案】in【变式探究】(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【解析】focuse on 集中于，故填 on。【答案】on【变式探究】(2015全国卷)When a new day breaks，t

13、he walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; _the same time，they warm up again for the night.4【解析】at the same time 与此同时，故应用介词 at。【答案】At【变式探究】(2015陕西卷)The little pupil took his grandma _the arm and walked her across the street.【解析】take sb.by the arm，

14、挽着某人的胳膊，应用介词 by。【答案】by题型三、单句改错例 3(2018全国)At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years.答案 去掉 for解析 every two years 每隔两年，是固定搭配，前面不用介词。【变式探究】(2018全国)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.答案 forwith 解析 play games with sb.意为“和某人一起玩游戏” 。【变式探究】(2

15、017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. _【答案】onof【变式探究】(2017全国)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I have grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.答案 去掉 realize 后的 of解析 realize 是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故去掉

16、of。【变式探究】(2016新课标)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.【解析】dream 后加 of 句意：我叔叔说他从没梦想过在短时间内变得富有。dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事” ，为固定短语。【变式探究】(2016新课标)Now I am leaving home to college.【解析】tofor 句意：现在，我要离开家去上大学。根据句意可知，此处指的是“离开家去上大学” ，所以用 for，表示目的。【变式探究】(2016四川)Dad cleane

17、d the house，and then went on shopping.5【解析】去掉 on 句意：爸爸打扫了房子，然后去购物了。go shopping“去购物” ，是固定短语。【变式探究】(2015新课标)Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.【解析】onwith 句意：不幸的是，随着工业化的发展，环境受到了污染。on 表示“在方面” ，with 表示“随着” 。根据句意可知，指两件事情伴随而行，应用 with。【变式探究】(2015新课标)Tony

18、saw a toy on a shop window.【解析】onin 句意：托尼看见了橱窗中摆设的玩具。玩具应该在橱窗里面而不是在橱窗的表面上，应用 in。【变式探究】(2015陕西)My soccer coach retired in last week.【解析】去掉 in 句意：我的足球教练上个星期退休了。last week 前面不加介词，去掉介词 in。【变式探究】(2015四川)Please help with me and give me some advice.8(2014新课标)Nearly five years ago，and with the help by our fat

19、her，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.【解析】byof 句意：大约五年前，在父亲的帮助下，姐姐和我在后院种植了一些圣女果。with the help of“在的帮助下” ，为固定短语。9(2014浙江)If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in.【解析】onin 句意：如果我们向那些需要帮助的人表示关心，这个世界就会变得更美好。in need“在困难中的” ，

20、为固定搭配。10(2014广西)The more friends we have，the more we can learn for one another，and the more pleasure we can share together.【解析】forfrom 句意：我们的朋友越多，我们相互之间学到的东西就越多，我们一起分享的快乐也就越多。learn for“为 而学习” ，learn from sb.“向某人学习” 。根据句意可知，此处指向朋友学习，应用 from。题型四、单句填空1(2016新课标，64)But my connection with pandas goes back

21、 _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first.【解析】to 句意：但是我与熊猫之间的联系要追溯到 20 世纪 80 年代中期我在一档电视节目的时候，6那是我第一次。go back to“追溯到” ，是固定短语。2(2016新课标，44)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【解析】on 句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on 意为“集中

22、于” 。3(2016新课标，70)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _ their hands.【解析】with 句意：筷子并非被亚洲的所有国家(的人民)使用。例如在印度，大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用” ，符合句意。4(2016四川，67)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.【解析】for 句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。

23、“for一段时间”作时间状语，表示“持续了一段时间” 。5(2016浙江，16)In this article，you need to back up general statements _ specific examples.6(2016天津，8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice _ her opinion on the subject.【解析】to 句意：在讨论刚开始时，玛丽一言不发，但最后她就这个主题发表了自己的观点。give voice to“表达，吐露

24、，发泄” ，符合句意。7(2016天津，14)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry _ a conversation with her.【解析】on 句意：我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行，从事” ，符合句意。8(2015新课标，66)Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away _ car and offers all

25、the scenery of the betterknown city.【解析】by 句意：然而，我直接去了阳朔。对于那些飞往桂林的人来说，坐车只需要一个小时的路程乘坐交通工具常用 by 加可数名词的单数形式，by car“开车” 。79(2015新课标，47)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to_cool the house during the hot day: _ the same time，they warm up again for the night.【解析】at 句意：天亮，墙壁放热，变冷使房子热天凉爽；同时，夜晚变暖和。at the same time“与此同时” ，为固定短语。10(2015福建，22)A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.【解析】of 句意：他们对在校时期的共同记忆是校服。名词 memory 常与介词 of 连用，意为“对的记忆” 。