备战2019年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题03形容词和副词(含解析).doc
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1、1专题 03 形容词和副词易错点 1 形容词与副词的误用1. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _.A. well;well B. bad;badC. well;badly D. badly;bad【错因分析】容易误选 B,认为两个 smell 均为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。【参考答案】 D 2. A few days later, the missing girl was found _(death) in the house.【错因分析】容易误填 deadly。有的学生
2、误以为是副词修饰动词 found而填 deadly。【试题解析】分析这个句子的结构可知,形容词 dead在句中作主语的补语,本句意为:几天后,那个失踪的女孩被发现死在那幢房子里。【参考答案】dead3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.【错因分析】容易误填 natures。有的学生认为应该用名词所有格而误填 natures。【试题解析】在名词 course前作定语,要用形容词形式 natural,表示“自然的过程” 。【参考答案】natural4. He told me the n
3、ews in an _ voice.A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excitedly2【错因分析】容易误填 exciting。有的学生可能因为对-ed 形容词与-ing 形容词的用法分不清而误选 C。【试题解析】-ed 形容词通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到” ,根据句意应该填 excited。本句意为:他告诉我那个消息,声音很激动。【参考答案】B5. Mary is very clever and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now_ asleep in class.A.
4、very, very B. much, veryC. well, very D. well, fast【错因分析】容易误选 A,因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。形容词作定语:1. 单个形容词做定语,一般放在所修饰的名词之前,但修饰 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词,则必须放在不定代词之后。如:I would like something cheaper. 我想要点较为便宜的东西。 Do you know anyone anybody
5、famous in this field? 你认识这个领域的名人吗? 2. 有时,一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语,这时,它们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在通常情况下,它们的顺序为大致遵循以下原则:描绘形容词大小(长短高低)形容词形状形容词年龄(新旧)形容词颜色形容词国籍形容词材料形容词用途(类别)形容词名词【巧学妙记】3限定描绘大长高形状年龄和新老 颜色国籍出材料作用类别往后靠-ed 形容词和-ing 形容词1. 以后缀ed 结尾的形容词 (如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved
6、, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如: He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。 第一句中的 a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑” ,它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑; 第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音” ,即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音
7、。 原则上,-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人,若修饰事物,则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。 2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词 (如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如: The story is very interesting. 这个故事很
8、有趣。 The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。 请再比较并体会以下句子: He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情副词的用法:主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。填形容词还是副词? 动词后面一般都跟副词,但不是所有动词后面都跟副词,实义动词后面跟副词,连系动词后面跟形容词。 如:She sings beautifully. (sing 是实义动词
9、,beautiful 用来说明唱得如何) 4Tom draws well.(draw 是实义动词,well 用来说明画得如何) My teacher is young and tall.(is 是系动词,后面跟形容词) She looks sad. (look 是连系动词,后面跟形容词) 还有一些不是连系动词的词,例如 make和 get,要根据句子的意思判断填形容词还是副词。区分:He is making a kite carefully.(carefully用来修饰 make这个动词) He made the teacher angry.(angry是指 the teacher,而不是修饰
10、 make这个动词) The student got quiet when the teacher came in.(quiet是指 the student,而不是修饰 got这个动词) I get up early.(early修饰动词 get up) She leaves the room quickly.(quickly修饰 leave这个动词) Please leave the door open.(open是指 the door,而不是修饰 leave这个动词) 于是有词组:make sb+adj. leave sb+adj. get+adj 因此,填形容词还是副词,首先要弄清楚句子
11、的意思,判断所修饰的成分是名词/代词还是动词,修饰前者的用形容词,修饰后者的用副词。1. Masha, a hostess on a Chinese TV program, could not forget those _ moments when she first arrived in China, _ about Chinese culture.A. embarrassing; confusing B. embarrassed;confusingC. embarrassing; confused D. embarrassed;confused【解析】考查非谓语(形容词) 。 “那些令人尴
12、尬的时刻” ,是指物,用-ing 结尾的形容词作定语;“他对中国文化感到困惑” ,是指人,用-ed 的结尾的形容词作伴随状语。故选 C。【答案】 C2. After ten days traveling, the couple arrived home, _.A. tired and delighted B. tired but delightedC. tiredly and delightedly D. tiredly but delightedly5【答案】B【名师点睛】形容词作状语的用法归纳:1. 形容词或形容词短语作状语,表示方式或伴随,说明谓语动作的方式,它在句子中有时像非限制性分句
13、一样,表示意义上的增补。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。在这种情况下,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,有时也可位于句中。 Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.(= Crusoe, who was full of fear, stared at the footprint.)克鲁索两眼盯着脚印看,满心恐惧。 Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate. 她满脸通红气喘吁吁从大门口跑了进来。 2. 形容词或形容词短语可以作原因状语,一般位于句首,有时也可位于句子中间。 Afraid
14、of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.(=As he was afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.)由于害怕挨骂,小弗朗兹一时起了逃学的念头。 Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area.(=As they were eager to improve fa
15、rming conditions, they tried out the new crop on a large area.) 由于急于改进耕作条件,就大面积地试种了这种新庄稼。 Tom, very ill, sent for a doctor.(=As Tom was very ill, he sent for a doctor.) 因为汤姆病得很厉害,派人请医生去了。 3. 形容词或形容词短语可以作状语,表示时间和条件。通常位于句首,也可位于句末。 Ripe, these apples are sweet.(=When/If these apples are ripe, they are
16、sweet.) 熟了的时候这种苹果很甜。 Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative.(=When/If they are enthusiastic, they are cooperative. ) 热心的时候他们是很合作的。 4. 形容词或形容词短语可以作让步状语,常由一个形容词或连词 or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。一般位于句首,有时也可位于句中。 6Right or wrong, he always comes off worst in an argument because of his inability to speak cohere
17、ntly.(=Whether he is right or wrong, he always comes off worst because of his inability to speak coherently.) 无论有理还是无理,由于他语言条理欠佳总是把事情弄得最糟。 Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.(=Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.) 不管天晴还是下雨他总是六点起床在公园里散散步。 Th
18、e two accidents, tragic, seemed natural enough. (=Though they were tragic, the two accidents seemed natural enough.) 尽管两场事故损失惨重,然而是必然的。 5. 形容词或形容词短语可以作状语,表示结果和状态等意义。它在句中的位置比较灵活。 For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened. 她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿,不敢相信刚才发生的事情。3. Indeed a lot of s
19、killful methods are used in many advertisements to cheat consumers. Not all ads play tricks on us .A. instead B. though C. still D. anyway【答案】B易错点 2 连接副词的用法1. He was upright,loyal and highly respected. ,he was dismissed from office.【错因分析】易误用 But。【试题解析】前后两句是转折关系,而空格后面有逗号,故要用副词 However。【参考答案】However 2
20、. While migrant workers may bring about new problems to the cities, they contribute greatly 7to the development of them, _.A. though B. yetC. meanwhile D. otherwise【错因分析】易误选 B。由语境可知前后句表示转折关系,yet 作连词时可以表示“但是” ,但是不位于句末。【试题解析】考查副词的用法。A. though虽然,然而; B. yet但是,仍然,尚,已经 C. meanwhile同时;D. otherwise否则,在其他各方面
21、。句意:尽管农民工可能给城市带来新的问题,然而,他们对城市的发展贡献很大。根据句意可知 C、D 项不符合句意,可排除;根据句子结构可知此处应用副词放于句末,though作副词时表示“然而” ,常放于句末且用逗号与其他成分隔开,故 A项正确;yet 表示“但是”时不放于句末,故 B项错误。故选 A。【参考答案】A常见的连接副词:表转折 表递进 表结果 表让步though, yet, however(其后常用逗号),otherwise, instead等besides, moreover, stilltherefore, thus anywayWhat a terrible experience!
22、 However, youre safe nowthats the main thing.多么可怕的经历啊!不过你现在安全了这是主要的事情!注意:instead, besides 等很多词都是起连接作用的副词,不能做连词使用,因此它们所在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系,而句子之间在语法上是独立的,因此两个句子之间要用句号、分号或用and连接。1. Li Ping works hard at his lessons. He didnt get the first place in the exam, _.A. though B. yet C. however D. although8
23、【答案】A【名师点睛】although 和 though 用作连词时可以通用,但 though可用作副词放于句尾,而 although则不可以。2. Though the boy came back to life, _ he was still weak.A.but B.yet C.however D.so【解析】本题考查连词词义辨析。句意为:尽管这个男孩已经苏醒,但是他仍然很虚弱。but“但是” ,是表示转折意义的连词;yet“然而” ,是表示转折意义的副词,通常与 not等连用;however“然而” , 是表示转折意义的副词;so“所以” ,是表示因果关系的连词。根据句意以及句首的 T
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- 备战 2019 年高 英语 纠错 笔记 系列 专题 03 形容词 副词 解析 DOC
