2019中考英语二轮复习知识讲与练形容词和副词.doc

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1、1形容词和副词In those boring years, all the beautiful things in my life were hidden, and now they are displayed in front of me.My existence has a new meaning. Failure is no longer my constant companion.Not long ago, since I began to remember that smile, emptiness, loneliness, weakness, sadness, annoyance

2、and disappointment were no longer there.Others also smile to me and care for me.New words1.displayeddspled v 陈列;显示( display 的过去式和过去分词 );2.existencegzstns n.存在，3.constant knstnt adj.不断的，持续的;永恒的panion kmpnin n.同伴5.emptinessemptins n.空虚6.lonelinesslnlns n.孤独，寂寞7.weaknesswi:kns n.弱点，软弱8.sadnesssdns n.悲哀

3、，忧伤，9.annoyance nns n.恼怒，烦恼译文：在那些无聊的岁月中，我生命中一切美好的东西都隐藏起来，现在它们一一展现在我眼前。我的生存有了新的意义。失败不再是我的常伴。不久前，从我开始记住微笑时起，空虚、孤独、无力、悲伤、烦恼和失望就不复存在了。别人也同样向我微笑，对我关怀。讲义纲要：1，本讲课程主要涉及形容词副词的用法和特殊使用情况；2，教学任务：掌握形容词副词的用法、考点、难点。知识概况：1，形容词（Adjective）主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征 或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。22，副词（Adverb 简称 adv.）是指在句

4、子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词可分为：时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词。知识站点：初中英语知识考点一览表 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16句子结构时态语态名词冠词代词形副介词数词连词非谓语动词情态动词宾语从句定语从句简单句情景交际知识精讲：形容词副词一、形容词命题趋势：形容词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为 24 分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生在具体语言环境

5、中使用形容词的能力。考试重点：中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级，比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中，形容词比较等级句型、形容词修饰不定代词 something，anything，everything，nothing 时的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。1、形容词的一般用法1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。例如，Its a cold and windy day.2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。例如，He looks happy today.33.形容词修饰 something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合

6、不定代词时，须放在其后。例如，would you like something hot to drink？4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。例如，how long is the river？ its about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid 害怕；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive活着的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的6.只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder年长的7.貌

7、似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生动的；lovely 可爱的8.复合形容词：snow-white 雪白的 English-speaking 说英语的；glass-topped 玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的；take-away可以带走的；ten-year-old 十岁的。二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)出处材料性质类别名词口诀一：限定描绘长大高，形状年龄和

8、新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。口诀二；美小圆旧黄，中国木书房。注：“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”.例如：two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服；that hungry, tired, sleepy lit

9、tle match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩；an old large brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅.a small round table 一张小圆桌 a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物4a dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣a famous American medical school一个非常著名的美国医学院口诀三：“限观形龄色国材”3、形容词常用句型1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词

10、，如 good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。例如，its very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如 good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的

11、)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。例如，its very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有 important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasa

12、nt(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。例如，its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。二、副词考查重点:中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中，频度副词 always，often，usually，sometimes，never，时间副词already，yet，still，just，疑问副词 how，why，

13、when，where，程度副词 enough，quite以及 too，also，either 等的用法区别，副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。5一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home，时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，ne

14、ver否定副词：no，not，neither，nor，疑问副词：where，how，why其他：also，too，only形容词，副词的比较级、最高级 规则变化（略）随堂训练：选择填空：1.Peter looked _ when he learned that he hadnt passed the final exam.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy2.Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even _. A, worse B, worst C, more bad D, more badl

15、y3.Billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so _!A, well B, badly C, nice D, pretty4.The car stopped so _ that the bus behind almost ran into it.A, closely B, immediately C, suddenly D, soon5.We must finish cleaning the office _.A, as soon as possible B, as quickly as soon C, as

16、possible as soon D, as soon as possibly66.What she said this time sounds _.A, pleasantly B, nicely C, friendly D, truly7.I didnt work _ my brother when I was young.A, as hard as B, harder C, hardest D, hardly8.Im going to move _. Its too noisy in our neighbourhood.A, somewhere quiet B, quiet somewhe

17、re C, anywhere D, quiet anywhere9.Last year, 15 typhoons (台风) hit China and Khanun was _.A, strong B, strongest C, stronger D, the strongest10.Its a good habit to keep the classroom _ all the time.A, cleanly B, clearly C, clear D, clean11.When class was over, our maths teacher came into the classroo

18、m and said, “Please stay at your seat. I have got _ to announce.”A, nothing important B, important something C, important nothing D, something important12.In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make.A, less careful, fewer B, more careful, less C, less careful, few D, more careful, fewer13.

19、What is _ joke you have ever heard?A, more funny B, the more funny C, the most funny D, the funniest14.This kind of material feels _ silk.A, differently from B, the same to C, different as D, different from15.A recent survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan were _ among the five Olympic mascots (吉祥

20、物).A, popular B, more popular C, most popular D, the most popular16.A: Is there _ in todays newspaper? B: Yes. Shenzhou VI has been sent up into space successfully.A, nothing new B, anything new C, new nothing D, new anything17.Visitors in the orchard can eat as _ fruit as they want.A, many B, more

21、C, much D, most18.All of us were very _ when we heard the _ news.7A, excited, exciting B, excited, excited C, exciting, exciting D, exciting, excited19.Eddie, my best frind _ Ben.A, is as high as B, works as careful as C, doesnt sing as beautifully as D, writes more better than20.Tom never does his

22、homework _ Alice. So he makes more mistakes. A, as carefully as B, so careful as C, less carefully than D, more careful than21.Water pollution is one of _ in our country.A, serious problem B, the more serious problemsC, most serious problems D, the most serious problems22.The pizza was too small, so

23、 she decided to look for _ to eat.A, large something B, something else C, something other D, other something23.We are too tired and hungry. So our steps are getting _.A, slow and slower B, slower and slowest C, slower and slower D, more and more slowly24.Most children in our kindergarten like to pla

24、y with Barbie girls. They look so _.A, nicely B, happily C, beautifully D, lovely25.In winter, Chinese students like to kick the Jianzi (毽子) to keep themselves _.A, warm B, warmly C, cold D, coldly26.In order to keep healthy, you should eat _ fast food, _ fresh vegetables and take enough excises.A,

25、fewer, fewer B, fewer, more C, less, more D, less, fewer27.Dont worry, My sister is _ to take care of little Betty.A, enough carefully B, enough careful C, carefully enough D, careful enough28.Of all the students in our class, Jack is _.A, taller B, tallest C, the tallest D, very tall29.In order to

26、get full marks, Tim always does his lessons very _.8A, more carefully B, most carefully C, much carefully D, carefully30.A: Is there _ in todays newspaper?B: Yes. It says that President Hu Jintao has reached Washington.A, anything important B, any important thing C, important anything D, any thing i

27、mportant词性变换：1.I dont like him and it would be _ of me to do the opposite. (honest)2.Our holidays in Thailand were really _ and unforgettable. (enjoy)3.The government is doing everything possible to help those _ people after the earthquake. (home)4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on

28、the blackboard _. (clear)5.The war made millions of people _. (home)6.What is the most _ animal in the forest? (power)7.It is _ to travel by train than by air. (cheap)8.It is _ for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so slow. (possible)9._, over 28,000 civilians (平民) lost their lives during th

29、e three-year war in Iraq. (sad)10.I feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining _ outside. (heavy)11.Jack is such a _ fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. (forget)12.It is not _ to eat food with Sudan I (苏丹红 1号). (safely)13.Lily is _ enough to get the prize in the 2006 Shan

30、ghai Junior High School English Contest. (luck)14.Wed better drive our cars _ on rainy days. (slow)15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they 9found something _ at once. (usual)语音训正：双元音/au/的例句1. If you sell the cow, you sell her milk too.杀鸡取卵。2. Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. 知识使人谦卑，盲目使人自大。 3. Out of office, out of danger.无官一身轻。双元音/?i/的例句1. Spare the rod, spoil the child.不打不成器。2. Every coin has two sides.凡事皆有两面性。