SAE J 429-2014 Mechanical and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded Fasteners《外螺纹紧固件的机械和材料要求》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J429_201405 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J429 MAY2014 Issued 1949-01 Revised 2014-05

5、Superseding J429 APR2013 Mechanical and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded Fasteners RATIONALE Allow higher S and P percentages in alloy steel than allowed in Table 2 for manufacturing Grade 8 screws and bolts by hot forging or machining from bar. As an example, this enables producers of

6、Grade 8 bolts and screws to use SAE 4140 steel that might not otherwise be acceptable for hot forging and machining from bar. The S and P values in Table 2 must be adhered to for all cold formed fasteners. 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard covers the mechanical and material requirements for inch-series ste

7、el bolts, screws, studs, screws for sems1, and U-bolts2in sizes to 1-1/2 in. inclusive. The term “stud” as referred to herein applies to a cylindrical rod of moderate length threaded on either one or both ends or throughout its entire length. It does not apply to headed, collared, or similar product

8、s which are more closely characterized by requirements shown herein for bolts. The mechanical properties included in Table 1 were compiled at an ambient temperature of approximately 20 C (68 F). These properties are valid within a temperature range which depends upon the material grade used and ther

9、mal and mechanical processing. Other properties such as fatigue behavior, corrosion resistance, impact properties, etc., are beyond the scope of this document and responsibility for ensuring the acceptability of the product for applications where conditions warrant consideration of these other prope

10、rties shall be borne by the end user. 1Sems - Screw and washer assemblies 2U-bolts covered by this SAE Standard are those used primarily in the suspension and related areas of vehicles. For specification purposes, this standard treats U-bolts as studs. Thus, wherever the word “studs“ appears, “U-bol

11、ts“ is also implied. (The “U” configuration might not sustain a load equivalent to two bolts or studs of the same size and grade; thus, actual load-carrying capacity of U-bolts should be determined by saddle load tests.) SAE INTERNATIONAL J429 Revised MAY2014 Page 2 of 14 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicabl

12、e Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-

13、606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J403 Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels SAE J404 Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels SAE J409 Product Analysis - Permissible Variations from Specified Chemical Analysis of a Heat or Cast of Steel SAE J411

14、Carbon and Alloy Steels SAE J417 Hardness Tests and Hardness Number Conversions SAE J1268 Hardenability Bands for Carbon and Alloy H Steels 2.1.2 ASME Publications Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, Tel: 973-882-1170, www.a

15、sme.org. ASME B18.2.1 Square, Hex, Heavy Hex, and Askew Head Bolts and Hex, Heavy Hex, Hex Flange, Lobed Head, and Lag Screws (Inch Series) ASME B18.18 Inspection and Quality Assurance for Fasteners 2.1.3 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West

16、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, an

17、d Rivets ASTM F788/F788M Standard Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Studs Inch and Metric Series ASTM F1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection ASTM F2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburizatio

18、n in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts, Screws, and Studs SAE INTERNATIONAL J429 Revised MAY2014 Page 3 of 14 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Standard. 2.2.1 SAE Publication Available from

19、 SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J995 Mechanical and Material Requirements for Steel Nuts 3. DESIGNATIONS 3.1 Designation System Grades are designated by numbers where incr

20、easing numbers represent increasing tensile strength and by decimals of whole numbers where decimals represent variations at the same strength level. The grade designations are given in Table 1. 3.2 Grades 3.2.1 Bolts and screws are normally available in Grades 1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, and 8.2 (see Appendix

21、 A). 3.2.2 Studs are normally available in Grades 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, and 8.1. 3.2.3 Grade 5.1 is applicable to sems which can be heat treated following assembly of the washer on the screw, and to products without assembled washer. 4. MATERIALS AND PROCESSES 4.1 Steel Characteristics 4.1.1 All fasteners

22、shall be made of steel conforming to the chemical composition requirements in Table 2 for each grade. 4.1.2 Refer to SAE J403, J404, or J1268 for the chemical composition limits of standard steel grades. Other standard and non-standard steels not defined by the above standard are acceptable if the r

23、esultant fasteners comply with all of the requirements in this standard. For Grades 5, 5.1, 5.2, 8, 8.1, and 8.2 the maximum content of bismuth selenium, tellurium, or lead each shall be 0.02%. 4.1.3 Alloy and medium carbon steels with additive boron for manufacturing Grades 8 and 8.2 fasteners shal

24、l be fine grained steel with sufficient hardenability to provide hardness equivalent to 90% minimum martensite at the center of a transverse section one diameter from the threaded end of the fastener after quenching. Minimum as-quenched hardness required for steels in the carbon range 0.15 to 0.55%

25、is shown in Table 3.SAE INTERNATIONAL J429 Revised MAY2014 Page 4 of 14 TABLE 1 - MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS AND IDENTIFICATION MARKING FOR BOLTS, SCREWS, STUDS, SEMS, AND U-BOLTS(1, 8) Grade Designa- tion Products Nominal Size Dia, In Full Size (7)Bolts, Screws, Studs Sems, Stress under Proof Load, ps

26、i Full Size (7)Bolts, Screws Studs, Sems, Tensile Strength Min, psi Machine Test Specimens of Bolts, Screws, and Studs Yield(2)Strength Min, psi Machine Test Specimens of Bolts, Screws, and Studs Tensile Strength Min, psi Machine Test Specimens of Bolts, Screws, and Studs ElongationMin, % Machine Te

27、st Specimens of Bolts, Screws, and Studs Reduction of Area Min, % Surface Hardness Rockwell 30N Max Core Hardness Rockwell Min Core Hardness Rockwell Max Grade Identification Marking(3) 1 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 33 000(4)60 000 36 00060 000 18 35 B70 B100 None 2 Bolts, Screws, Studs 1/4

28、thru 3/4(5)Over 3/4 thru 1-1/2 55 000(4)33 000 74 000 60 000 57 000 36 000 74 000 60 000 18 18 35 35 B80 B70 B100 B100 None None 4 Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2 65 000 115 000 100 000 115 000 10 35 C22 C32 None 5 Bolts, Screws, Studs (3) 1/4 thru 1 Over 1 thru 1-1/2 85 000 74 000 120 000 105 000 92 000 81 00

29、0 120 000 105 000 14 14 35 35 54 50 C25 C19 C34 C30 5.1(6)Sems No. 4 thru 5/8 85 000 120 000 59.5 C25 C40 5.2 Bolts, Screws 1/4 thru 1 85 000 120 000 92 000 120 000 14 35 56 C26 C36 8 Bolts, Screws, Studs (3) 1/4 thru 1-1/2 120 000 150 000 130 000 150 000 12 35 58.6 C33 C39 8.1 Studs 1/4 thru 1-1/2

30、120 000 150 000 130 000 150 000 10 35 58.6 C33 C39 None 8.2 Bolts, Screws 1/4 thru 1 120 000 150 000 130 000 150 000 10 35 58.6 C33 C39 1. See footnote 2 of the scope. 2. Yield strength is stress at which a permanent set of 0.2% of gage length occurs. 3. Not applicable to studs or slotted and cross

31、recess head products. 4. Proof load test. Requirements in these grades only apply to stress relieved products. 5. Grade 2 requirements for sizes 1/4 through 3/4 in. apply only to bolts and screws 6 in. and shorter in length, and to studs of all lengths. For bolts and screws longer than 6 in., Grade

32、1 requirements shall apply. 6. Grade 5 material heat treated before assembly with a hardened washer is an acceptable substitute. 7. “Full Size” means a tension test specimen consisting of a completed fastener for testing in the ready to use condition without alteration. 8. To convert pounds per squa

33、re inch to Mega-Pascals (MPa) multiply the values above by .00689. SAE INTERNATIONALJ429 Revised MAY2014 Page5 of14TABLE2 - CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONTEMPERING TEMPERATURE AND IDENTIFICATIONFOR BOLTS, SCREWS, AND STUDSGradeDesignation ProductsNominal SizeDia,InMaterialTreatmentProductChemicalAnalysis(1),

34、(%byWeight)Carbon MinProductChemicalAnalysis(1), (%byWeight)Carbon Max ProductChemicalAnalysis(1), (%byWeight)PMaxProductChemicalAnalysis(1), (%byWeight)SMaxProductChemicalAnalysis(1), (%byWeight)Boron MinProductChemicalAnalysis(1), (%byWeight)Boron MaxTemperingTemperatureF(Min)1 Bolts,Screws,Studs1

35、/4thru1-1/2Lowor MediumCarbonSteelSee 4.40.550.0250.025See 4.42 Bolts,Screws,Studs1/4thru1-1/2Lowor MediumCarbonSteelSee 4.40.150.550.0250.0252See 4.44 Studs1/4thru1-1/2MediumCarbonSteelColdDrawn0.280.550.0250.13See 4.45 Bolts,Screws,Studs1/4thru1-1/2MediumCarbonSteel(3)OrQuenchedquenchants whose pr

36、incipal constituent is water shall not be used, unless specifically approved by the user. 4.4.5 Grade 8 bolts and screws and studs shall be heat treated (fully austenitized), oil quenched, and tempered at a minimum tempering temperature of 425 C (800 F). 4.4.6 Grade 8.2 bolts and screws shall be hea

37、t treated (fully austenitized), quenched in oil, water based quenchant or water, and tempered at a minimum temperature of 340 C (650 F). Under no circumstances should heat treatment or carbon restoration be accomplished in the presence of nitrogen compounds, such as in carbonitriding or cyaniding. S

38、AE INTERNATIONAL J429 Revised MAY2014 Page 8 of 14 4.5 Decarburization Unless otherwise specified, Grades 5, 5.1 and 5.2 bolts, screws, and studs shall conform to Class 1, and Grades 8, 8.1, and 8.2 bolts, screws, and studs shall conform to Class 2 as described in ASTM F2328. 4.6 Surface Discontinui

39、ties All bolts, screws, and studs shall be in conformity with the requirements of ASTM F788/F788M. 5. MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS Bolts, screws, studs, and sems shall be tested in accordance with the mechanical testing requirements for the applicable type, grade, size, and length of product as specified

40、 in Table 4 and shall meet the mechanical requirements specified for that product in Table 1. In the case of U-bolts having thread length equal to 3D or longer, cut stud-like specimens from either leg of the “U” (utilizing the maximum available thread length) and test as shown for studs. Where threa

41、d length is less than 3D, test for hardness only as shown for “short studs.” (Applicable mechanical tests are shown in Table 4 and shall meet requirements specified for that product in Table 1.) 6. METHODS OF TEST 6.1 Hardness The hardness of bolts, screws, studs, and sems shall be conducted in acco

42、rdance with ASTM F606. To meet the requirements of Section 5, the hardness shall not exceed the maximum hardness specified in Table 1 for the applicable grade. In addition, as required in Section 5 and Table 4, the hardness shall not be less than the minimum hardness specified in Table 1 for the app

43、licable grade. 6.2 Surface Hardness Tests to determine surface hardness conditions shall be conducted on the ends, hexagon flats, or unthreaded shanks, which have been prepared by lightly grinding or polishing to ensure accurate reproducible readings in accordance with SAE J417. Proper correction fa

44、ctors shall be used when hardness tests are made on curved surfaces, per ASTM E18. Depending on the location and individual surface upon which the test is conducted, some increase in hardness above that specified in Table 1, when measured on the Rockwell 30N scale, can occur for reasons other than c

45、arburization. To ensure that lots of products not considered acceptable for this cause are in fact carburized, the metallographic and hardness checking technique described in ASTM F2328 shall be used. Parts shall be accepted when ASTM F2328 testing does not substantiate carburization. In applying th

46、e ASTM F2328 procedure, a difference between Knoop and Rockwell 30N readings by conversion can occur. This difference is disregarded because the primary purpose of the Knoop traverse in ASTM F2328 is to establish the existence of carburization.SAE INTERNATIONALJ429 Revised MAY2014 Page9 of14TABLE 4

47、-MECHANICAL TESTINGREQUIREMENTSFOR BOLTS, SCREWS, STUDS, AND SEMSProductGradeSpecifiedMinimumUltimateTensileLoad, lbfLength ofProduct(1, 4)Hardness(2)maxHardness(1)MinTestsConductedUsingFullSizeProducts(1)ProofLoadTestsConductedUsingFullSizeProducts(1)WedgeTensileStrengthTestsConductedUsingFullSizeP

48、roducts(1)AxialTensileStrengthTestsConductedUsingMachineTestSpecimens(1)YieldStrengthTestsConductedUsingMachineTestSpecimens(1)AxialTensileStrengthTestsConductedUsingMachineTestSpecimen(1)ElongationTestsConductedUsingMachine TestSpecimens(1)Reductionof AreaSurfaceHardnessmax(3)Decarburi-zationinThre

49、adedSection(2)ShortBoltsandScrews1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2AllLess than 2-1/2 D* * * OptionCSpecial Head(5)Boltsand Screws1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2AllAll* * * OptionCSquareandHexBolts and Screws1, 2, 5, 5.2, 8, 8.2100 000 and less2-1/2D to 8D or 8in., whichever isgreater* OptionC* * OptionCOver 8D or8 in., whichever isgreater, thruand including 12 in. * OptionC* OptionB OptionB OptionB OptionB * OptionCOver