SAE J 1828-2014 Uniform Reference and Dimensional Guidelines for Collision Repair《碰撞检修的统一参考和尺寸指南》.pdf

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1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref

2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2014 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi

3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out

4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1828_201406SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ1828 JUN2014Issued 1987-05Revised 2014-06Supe

5、rseding J1828 FEB2008Uniform Reference and Dimensional Guidelines for Collision RepairRATIONALESAE J1828 is being updated to reflect the current states of technology in light-vehicle collision repair dimensioning methodologies and processes, OEM vehicle dimensioning systems and aftermarket measuring

6、 equipment.FOREWORDWith continually higher expectations of collision repair quality, the evolution of new motor vehicle design and manufacturing technologies and increased sophistication of collision repair measuring and repair equipment, it is imperative that the repair technician have the necessar

7、y reference and dimensional measurements to achieve a cost-effective repair that will ensure customer satisfaction. Uniformity of these measurements will enable technicians and claims representatives to easily locate measurement points and more accurately complete the damage diagnosis, repair cost e

8、stimation and the repair itself.a. Customer Expectations - Customer expectations can be considered from the perspective of two key parties: the buyers of vehicles who are involved in collisions, and the technicians who repair the vehicles.1. Buyer Expectations - Buyer expectations of the quality of

9、repair fall into the following five general categories:1.1 Fit and finish, including door gaps, underhood areas, seams, fixed glass position, underbody appearance, and perceived associations between body opening gaps and potential structural problems.1.2 Driving characteristics (tire wear, handling,

10、 etc.) will be the same after the collision.1.3 Safety of the vehicle in a subsequent collision.1.4 Noise and leakage (wind noise, water leaks, squeaks, rattles, noise/vibration/harshness, etc.)1.5 Excessive wear (hinges, latches, etc.) and operating efforts.SAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 P

11、age 2 of 222. Collision Repair Technician Expectations - Collision repair technician expectations fall into the following seven general categories:2.1 Available, timely dimensional data.2.2 Accurate data (publishing as many dimensions as possible and practicable, defining appropriate tolerances, and

12、 providing a means of resolving discrepancies between published and measured dimensions).2.3 Simple-to-use dimensional data.2.4 Dimensions compatible with the equipment most commonly used in the shops.2.5 Reasonable access to measuring points on the vehicles, including identifying “hidden” reference

13、 points” (covered with tape and undercoating).2.6 “Critical” dimensions are defined as follows: This includes selecting reference points that will remain consistent during the life of the vehicle, identifying locations and tolerances for front and rear subframes, identifying locations of bolt-on com

14、ponents (steering, suspension, etc.) to front or rear subframes, and the locations of these subframes to the body, identifying what reference points can be used when components are still mounted on the vehicle, and defining upper body dimensions.2.7 Regardless of the information source, any illustra

15、tions used should be readable by the average repair technician, reproducible and representative of the vehicle design.2.8 Regardless of the information source, the vehicle about which the information is provided should be perfectly identified through model, version and model year information.b. New

16、Body Structure Design and Manufacturing SystemsRelatively new body structure design and manufacturing systems include “No-Adjust-Build,” and Hydropiercing. There have also been expansions in the use of front and rear suspension subframes and one-piece body side stampings. These technologies require

17、control features (holes, slots, etc.) that may appear similar to those traditionally used by technicians but which now perform different functions for production manufacturing, inspection, and assembly. A brief summary of these new body structure designs is described in Appendix A.1.c. Collision com

18、puterized measuring systems have become the industry standard in recent years. A 2010 survey of U.S. collision repair shops by an industry trade publication indicated that during the fifteen years up to 2009, the number of shops with computerized measuring systems had increased to 50%. Although the

19、focus of this Recommended Practice is on computerized systems, mechanical measuring systems are still being sold A brief summary of some typical systems is described in Appendix A.2.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE 4 1.1 Purpose. 4 2. REFERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Documents 4 3. DEFINITIONS . 4 3.1 DIMENSION

20、S . 4 3.2 LIGHT TRUCK 5 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 Page 3 of 224. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 5 4.1 Datum Planes 5 4.2 Dimensional Data Format . 5 4.3 Types of Measuring Points . 11 4.4 Measurement Point Locations (Center of Hole versus Edge of Hole) 11 4.5 Type of Measurement (In-Plane vers

21、us Point-to-Point versus XYZ Coordinates, Normal to Datum Planes versus Diagonal). 11 4.6 Cross-Car versus Measurements from Centerline . 12 4.7 Description of Measurement Point Locations . 12 4.8 Symmetrical Dimensions. 13 4.9 Tolerances 13 4.10 Suspension Locating Points 15 4.11 Steering Gear Loca

22、ting Points 15 4.12 Engine/Drivetrain Locating Points. 15 4.13 Body-to-Chassis Locating Points 15 4.14 The vehicle manufacturer and the information and equipment suppliers should provide XYZ dimensions for the mountings points of the door hinges and the door lock to the body. 15 4.15 Scale . 15 5. D

23、ESIGN GUIDELINES 15 5.1 Master Control Locators 15 5.2 Body Center Marks . 15 6. COMMUNICATIONS. 16 6.1 Recommended Information. 16 6.2 Translation of OEM Computer-Aided Design Files. 17 6.3 Feedback Communications Channels 17 7. NOTES 18 7.1 Marginal Indicia . 18 APPENDIX A 19 FIGURE 1 DATUM PLANES

24、 5 FIGURE 2 PLAN AND SIDE VIEWS - UNDERBODY (PLAN VIEW LOOKING UP FROM UNDERNEATH) . 6 FIGURE 3 FULL SIDE VIEW 7 FIGURE 4 FRONT VIEW 7 FIGURE 5 REAR VIEW 8 FIGURE 6 ENGINE COMPARTMENT VIEW. 8 FIGURE 7 SYMBOLS DEFINING DIRECTION OF VIEW . 9 FIGURE 8 SYMBOLS DEFINING DIRECTION OF VIEW MEASURING POINT

25、SYMBOLS;IN-PLANE DIMENSIONS 10 FIGURE 9 POINT-TO-POINT DIMENSIONS. 12 FIGURE 10 MULTIPLE TOLERANCES . 14 FIGURE 11 BODY CENTER MARKS 17 FIGURE A1 NO-ADJUST BUILD 19 FIGURE A4 LASER COMPUTERIZED MEASURING SYSTEM20 FIGURE A5 SONAR COMPUTERIZED MEASURING SYSTEM. 20 FIGURE A6 COMPUTERIZED MECHANICAL ARM

26、 MEASURING SYSTEM. 21 FIGURE A8 LASER MEASURING SYSTEM 21 FIGURE A9 DEDICATED MEASURING SYSTEM. 22 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 Page 4 of 221. SCOPEThis SAE Recommended Practice defines, for vehicle manufacturers and collision information and equipment providers, the types of vehicle dime

27、nsional data needed by the collision repair industry and aftermarket equipment modifiers to properly perform high-quality repairs to damaged vehicles. Both bodyframe and unitized vehicles, including passenger cars and light trucks, are addressed.1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this document is to provide

28、a standardized format for presentation of vehicle dimension data, for use by collision information and equipment providers and collision repair technicians. This dimensional data is to be used in the accurate diagnosis and repair of collision-damaged passenger cars and light trucks.2. REFERENCES2.1

29、Applicable DocumentsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel

30、: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J182 Motor Vehicle Fiducial Marks and Three-dimensional Reference SystemSAE J1100 Motor Vehicle DimensionsSAE J1555 Recommended Practice for Optimizing Automobile Damageability and RepairabilitySAE J2184 Vehicle Li

31、ft Points for Service Garage Lifting3. DEFINITIONS3.1 DIMENSIONS3.1.1 OEM DimensionsThose dimensions which are generally supplied by vehicle manufacturers to the information and equipment providers (typically body-in-white dimensions). They are generally expressed in the vehicle manufacturers coordi

32、nate system, using the datum planes to define the coordinate axes.3.1.2 Universal DimensionsThose dimensions which are generally supplied by collision information and equipment providers, for use by the collision repair industry. They should relate mathematically to the OEM Dimensions supplied by th

33、e vehicle manufacturers.3.1.3 Dedicated DimensionsThose dimensions which are generally supplied by, and are dedicated for use with, a specific piece of measuring equipment. They should relate mathematically to the OEM Dimensions supplied by the vehicle manufacturers.3.1.4 Reference DimensionsThose d

34、imensions, which are not controlled during final production vehicle assembly, but which may otherwise be used for measurement purposes during repair of the vehicle. They may have different tolerances than OEM Dimensions, Universal Dimensions or Dedicated Dimensions, and may not necessarily relate to

35、 the datum planes.SAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 Page 5 of 223.1.5 Datum PlanesThree mutually orthogonal planes (Figure 1). These planes are generally defined as:a. A vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.b. A vertical transverse plane, located either ahe

36、ad of the vehicle or through a specific section of the vehicle, depending upon the practice of the particular vehicle manufacturer or repair equipment manufacturer.c. A horizontal plane located at or below the floorpan.FIGURE 1 - DATUM PLANES3.1.6 Tolerancesa. OEM Build - Tolerances developed by the

37、 OEM manufacturers, for the manufacture and assembly of the vehicles.b. Field Repair - Tolerances, derived from and compatible with the OEM Build tolerances, that can be used to restore a damaged vehicle to pre-accident condition. These tolerances may or may not be the same as the OEM Build toleranc

38、es.3.2 LIGHT TRUCKThe classification of a self-propelled vehicle which is designed primarily to transport property or special purpose equipment, and has a maximum gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4536 kg (10 000 lb) or less. GVRW is the value specified by the vehicle manufacturer as the loaded

39、weight of a single vehicle.4. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS4.1 Datum PlanesRegardless of the information source, three datum planes are recommended.4.2 Dimensional Data Format4.2.1 ViewsSAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 Page 6 of 22a. From OEM vehicle manufacturer to information and equipment provide

40、rs and repair technicians, measuring points should be clearly defined. The following views are recommended:1. Plan View of the underbody and chassis (looking up, Figure 2)2. Full Side View (Figure 3)3. Front View (Figure 4)4. Rear View (Figure 5)5. Engine Compartment View (Figure 6)6. Plan view of t

41、he retractable roof panel storage area (looking down)b. From information and equipment providers to repair technicians, as follows:1. The views shown are at the discretion of the information and equipment providers.2. Symbols should be provided to clarify the direction of views and format (Figures 7

42、 and 8).3. Measuring points should be clearly defined.FIGURE 2 - PLAN AND SIDE VIEWS - UNDERBODY (PLAN VIEW LOOKING UP FROM UNDERNEATH)SAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 Page 7 of 22FIGURE 3 - FULL SIDE VIEWFIGURE 4 - FRONT VIEWSAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 Page 8 of 22FIGURE 5 - REAR

43、 VIEWFIGURE 6 - ENGINE COMPARTMENT VIEWSAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 Page 9 of 22FIGURE 7 - SYMBOLS DEFINING DIRECTION OF VIEWSAE INTERNATIONAL J1828 Revised JUN2014 Page 10 of 22FIGURE 8 - SYMBOLS DEFINING DIRECTION OF VIEW MEASURING POINT SYMBOLS; IN-PLANE DIMENSIONSSAE INTERNATIONAL J18

44、28 Revised JUN2014 Page 11 of 224.2.2 Symbolsa. Measuring point symbols are preferred to printed text (Figure 8).4.3 Types of Measuring Pointsa. From OEM vehicle manufacturer to information and equipment providers and repair technicians, as follows:1. Identify the points that are controlled, repeata

45、ble, and not likely to be changed during the production run of the vehicle.2. Identify the master control holes used for inspection of the final body assembly, not of subassemblies.3. Provide dimensional data for both the upper and under body structure, as well as the chassis of body-over-frame vehi

46、cles.4. Provide dimension locations that are readily accessible for aftermarket measuring equipment that will allow measurements of: the body to itself, the chassis to itself, and the body to the chassis.b. From information and equipment providers to repair technicians, as follows:1. At the discreti

47、on of the provider, define three levels of confidence associated with the location tolerances of the measuring reference points. For example:a. Class AThe OEM final assembly master control holes and slots.b. Class BPoints supplied by the OEM vehicle manufacturer, other than OEM Master Control holes

48、or slots.c. Class CReference dimensions not supplied by the OEM manufacturer.2. Consider defining symbols for the three Classes of confidence intervals, to be shown on published data sheets or on computer database displays.4.4 Measurement Point Locations (Center of Hole versus Edge of Hole)a. From O

49、EM vehicle manufacturer to information and equipment providers and repair technicians, as follows:1. Centerlines of holes or slots are recommended.2. Hole and slot sizes should be identified.b. From information and equipment providers to repair technicians, as follows:1. The optimum location is measuring-equipment specific.2. Hole and slot sizes may be shown at the discretion of the provider.4.5 Type of Measurement (In-Plane versus Point-t