NSF 401-2017 Drinking Water Treatment Units - Emerging Compounds Incidental Contaminants.pdf

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1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 401 - 2017Drinking Water Treatment Units - Emerging Compounds/IncidentalContaminantsNSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and

2、 safety-based risk management solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting: Chair, Joint Comm

3、ittee on Drinking Water Treatment Units c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P. O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.orgi NSF International Standard/ American National Standar

4、d for Drinking Water Treatment Units Drinking water treatment units Emerging compounds/incidental contaminants Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Designated as an ANSI Standard January 12, 2017 American National Standards Institute ii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on Drinki

5、ng Water Treatment Units Adopted by NSF International August 2014 Revised September 2016 June 2017 Published by NSF International PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI 40

6、1 2017.” Copyright 2017 NSF International Previous editions 2016, 2014 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF Internation

7、al. Printed in the United States of America.iii Disclaimers1 NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment.

8、NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards

9、 provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governmental agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF

10、 Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is given to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when

11、such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adjacent standard requirements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or

12、 unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and construction. Unless otherwise referenced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as gene

13、ral guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization.1 The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Disclaimer may cont

14、ain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. This page is intentionally left blank.v Contents 1 General . 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 1.3 Alternate materials, designs, and

15、construction 1 1.4 Chemical and mechanical reduction performance claims . 1 1.5 Minimum requirements. 2 1.6 Treatment train . 2 2 Normative references . 2 3 Definitions . 3 4 Materials . 3 4.1 Materials in contact with drinking water . 3 4.2 Membrane preservatives 4 4.3 Temperature resistance . 4 4.

16、4 Materials evaluation . 4 4.5 Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis 6 4.6 Materials in contact with the users mouth . 8 5 Structural performance . 15 5.1 Structural integrity 15 5.2 Acceptance 15 5.3 Working pressure . 16 5.4 Structural integrity test methods 16 6 Minimum performanc

17、e requirements 22 6.1 Performance indication of chemical reduction capacity . 22 6.2 Elements 23 6.3 Flow control 23 6.4 Drinking fountain outlets. 24 6.5 Hazards 24 6.6 Systems used in bottled water plants 24 6.7 Operation temperature . 24 6.8 POE rated pressure drop . 24 6.9 Minimum service flow .

18、 24 6.10 Rated service flow . 25 6.11 Active agents and additives . 25 7 Elective performance claims test methods 26 7.1 General requirements 26 7.2 Chemical reduction claims . 28 8 Instruction and information . 36 8.1 Installation, operation, and maintenance instructions 36 8.2 Data plate . 37 8.3

19、Replacement components . 38 8.4 Performance data sheet . 38 Annex A . 41 Annex B Test method for evaluating mouth drawn water treatment units 43 Annex C Test method for evaluating squeeze bottle drinking water treatment units . 47 Annex D Evaluation methods for systems with multiple technologies - t

20、reatment train . 51 Annex E Methods and procedures to minimize premature filter plugging 55 This page is intentionally left blank.vii Foreword2 The purpose of this Standard is to establish minimum requirements for materials, design and construction, and performance of drinking water treatment system

21、s that are designed to reduce emerging compounds in public or private water supplies, such as pharmaceutical, personal care products (PPCPs), and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). While standards have existed to evaluate treatment products designed to reduce a wide range of potential compounds

22、and contaminants in drinking water, there have been none for emerging compounds. These compounds have an increasing awareness among consumers and a desired demonstration of reduction among product manufacturers causing the need for proper methods of test and criteria. In 2008, a task group was forme

23、d and charged with making recommendations to the Joint Committee regarding the feasibility of producing a standard (or standards) for EDCs and PPCPs. A subtask group was also formed in 2008 and charged with surveying data on target compounds and classes of compounds and to evaluate the state of anal

24、ytical capabilities for these compounds. The initial list of contaminants included in this Standard represent identified pharmaceutical, personal care and EDC compounds that have been identified in published studies as occurring with the highest frequency, and/or at the highest levels of those compo

25、unds identified and studied. While occurring at levels well below any known or measured health effect, the mere presence of these compounds in drinking water has resulted in increased concern on the part of consumers. It is anticipated that with the advancement of science additional compounds or cla

26、sses of compounds will be identified that will result in similar levels of concern for consumers. It is envisioned that NSF/ANSI 401 can become the repository for these contaminants. It has been discussed that should future toxicological studies and/or research determine that any of the compounds in

27、 this Standard pose health risks at the concentrations in this Standard, that the claims should be removed from this Standard and re-established in the appropriate health effects standard (e.g., NSF/ANSI 53). This version includes the following revisions: Issue 5: This issue incorporated potential c

28、hemical grouping information to Table 7.1. Issue 8: An update was made to the Normative References. This Standard was developed by the NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units using the consensus process described by the American National Standards Institute. Suggestions for improvement

29、 of this Standard are welcome. This Standard is maintained on a Continuous Maintenance schedule and can be opened for comment at any time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Treatment Units at standardsnsf.org, or c/o NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box

30、 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA. 2 The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to pu

31、blic review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. This page is intentionally left blank.1 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 401 2017 NSF/ANSI Standard for Drinking Water Treatment Units Drinking water treatment units Emerging compounds/incid

32、ental contaminants 1 General 1.1 Purpose It is the purpose of this Standard to establish minimum requirements for materials, design and construction, and performance of drinking water treatment systems that are designed to reduce specific emerging compounds/incidental contaminants in public or priva

33、te water supplies, such as pharmaceutical, personal care products, and endocrine disrupting compounds. This Standard also specifies the minimum product literature and labeling information that a manufacturer shall supply to authorized representatives and system owners as well as the minimum service-

34、related obligations that the manufacturer shall extend to system owners. 1.2 Scope The point-of-use and point-of-entry systems addressed by this Standard are designed to be used for the reduction of specific substances that may be present in drinking water (public or private) considered to be microb

35、iologically safe and of known quality. Systems covered under this Standard are intended to reduce substances that are at very low, yet measurable concentrations but not at definitive concentrations of known health concern. These substances may be soluble or particulate in nature but their presence,

36、even at very low concentrations, may influence public acceptance/perception of the drinking water quality. The systems addressed by this Standard are not intended for reducing these specific substances at higher concentrations that may have a known acute or chronic health effect. It is recognized th

37、at a system may be effective in reducing one or more of the emerging compounds/incidental contaminants listed in this Standard. It is not necessary that a device be able to reduce all the Emerging Compounds/Incidental Contaminants listed in order to meet the requirements of this Standard. Systems wi

38、th components or functions covered under other NSF or NSF/ANSI standards or criteria shall conform to the applicable requirements therein. 1.3 Alternate materials, designs, and construction While specific materials, designs, and construction may be stipulated in this Standard, systems that incorpora

39、te alternate materials, designs, and construction may be acceptable when it is verified that such systems meet the applicable requirements stated herein. 1.4 Chemical and mechanical reduction performance claims 1.4.1 All NSF/ANSI 401 performance claims shall be verified and substantiated by test dat

40、a generated under the requirements of NSF/ANSI 401. 1.4.2 When performance claims are made for substances not specifically addressed in the scope of this Standard or for substances not specifically addressed but falling under the scope of NSF/ANSI 401, such claims shall be identified as not specific

41、ally addressed in the Standard. 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 401 2017 2 1.5 Minimum requirements This Standard establishes minimum requirements. A system as defined in this Standard shall meet the applicable requirements of 4, 5, 6, and 8, and at least one performance claim as described in 7. A component as de

42、fined in this Standard shall meet the requirements of 4 and 8. If the component is pressure-bearing, it shall also meet the applicable requirements of 5. A commercial modular system as defined in this Standard shall meet the applicable requirements of 4, 5, 6, and 8, and at least one performance cla

43、im as described in 7. Manifolds of commercial modular systems shall meet the requirements of 4, 5 (if pressure bearing), and 8, and shall be evaluated as stand-alone components. Manifolds shall have a minimum internal diameter such that the water velocity in the manifold will not exceed 3 m (10 ft)

44、per second (which can be calculated based upon the system flow rate and the manifold internal diameter). Individual modular elements evaluated as a manifold and modular element combination shall meet the applicable requirements of 4, 5, 6, and 8, and at least one performance claim as described in 7.

45、 1.6 Treatment train A system that contains multiple, sequential treatment technologies for a performance claim under this Standard shall meet the applicable requirements as described in Annex D. 2 Normative references The following documents contain requirements that, by reference in this text, con

46、stitute requirements of this Standard. At the time of publication, the indicated editions were valid. All of the documents are subject to revision and parties are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the recent editions of the documents indicated below. The most recent published edi

47、tion of the document shall be used for undated references. ANSI/NFPA 70, 2011, National Electrical Code3 APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, twentieth edition4 NSF/ANSI 51, Food Equipment Materials NSF/ANSI 53, Drinking water treatment units Health effects NSF/ANSI 60

48、, Drinking water treatment chemicals Health effects NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking water system components Health effects NSF/ANSI 330, Glossary of Drinking Water Treatment Unit Terminology USEPA-600/4-79-020, Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, March 19835 3 National Fire Protection Assoc

49、iation (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 . 4 American Public Health Association (APHA), 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001 . 5 USEPA, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268 . 2017 NSF NSF/ANSI 401 2017 3 USEPA-600/4-84/053, Methods for Organic Chemical Analysis of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater, June 19845 USEPA-600/R-94/111, Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples, Supplement 1, May 19945 USEPA-90/020, Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water, Sup