NAVY MIL-HDBK-291-1986 CARGO TANK CLEANING《货物容器清理》.pdf

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1、MIL-HDBK-271 5q m 7777770 0020077 O m 26 September -1986 SUPERSEDING . NAVSEA 0900-LP-016-0010 December i966 MILITARY HANDBOOK CARGO TANK CLEANING AMSC NIA FSC 5430 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for public release; distribution unlimited fl THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS -77“” PAGES. . Provided by IHSNo

2、t for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-291 5q m 9999970 O020080 7 a- MIL-HDBK-291(SH) 26 September 1986 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND Washington,.DC 20362-5101 Cargo Tank Cleaning 1. This military standardization handbook was deve

3、loped by the Naval Sea # Systems Command, Department of the Navy in accordance with established pro- cedures. 2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any perti- nent data which may-be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Co

4、mmand, SEA 5523, Department of the Navy, Washington, DC 20362-5101 by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. x Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

5、IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-291 5q 7779970 002008L 7 MIL-HDBK-291(SH) 26 September 1986 FOREWORD 1. This handbook supersedes information contained in NAVSEA 0900-LP-016-0010. This handbook provides basic and fundamental information on cargo tank cleaning procedures, equipment, and safety precautions approved f

6、or use by agencies of the Department of the Navy, the Military Sealift Command (MSC), and as recom- mended and practiced by commercial interests. 2. This handbook provides instructions for the preparation of cargo tanks which should be studied and followed by all personnel connected with the trans-

7、quentes of contaminated cargoes, tragic loss of life resulting from unsafe practices, and economic loss when cargo tanks do not meet prescribed standards of cleanliness. L . port of Government petroleum products by sea in order to avoid serious conse- Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or

8、networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-291(SH) 26 September 1986 CONTENTS Page Paragraph 1 . 1.1 2 . 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 3 . 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4 . 5 . 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.1.1 5.1.1.2 5.1.2 5.1.2.1 5.1.2.2 5.1.3 5.1.3.1 5.1.3.2 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7 5.1.8 5.1.8.1 5.1.8.2 5.2

9、 5.2.1 5.2.1.1 5.2.1.2 5.2.1.3 5.2.1.4 SCOPE . 1 Scope 1 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 1 Government documents . 1 Specifications and handbook 1 Other Government publications 1 Order of precedence 2 DEFINITIONS . 2 Cold work 2 Gas-freeing 2 Hot work . 2 Not safe for personnel . not safe for hot work 2 Safe fo

10、r personnel . not safe for hot work . 2 Safe for personnel . safe for hot work . 3 Ventilation 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (Not applicable) . 3 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . 3 Maintenance cleaning . 3 Additional benefits 3 Unnecessary cleaning . 3 Cleaning and gas-freeing for tank inspection or minor repairs 4

11、 Minor repairs 4 Minor repairs involving hot work . 4 Cleaning and gas-freeing for shipyard Certification prior to overhaul 4 Overhaul at sea or in foreign ports 4 Cleaning for a change of cargo . 4 Cleaning after a contaminated cargo . 5 Gas-freeing in preparation for loading . 5 Cleaning in prepar

12、ation for ballasting . 5 Cleaning prior to inactivation and activation I . 5 Inactivation . 5 Activation . 5 Safety precautions . 5 General precautions 5 Hose connections . 6 Smoking and electrical equipment . 6 .Additional hazards . 6 Tank cleaning requirements . 3 overhaul or major repairs . 4 Wea

13、therdeck openings . 6 iv ._. “. - “- “ “. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page Paragraph 5.2.1.5 5.2.1.6 5.2.2 5.2.2.1 5.2.2.2 5.2.2.3 5.2.2.4 5.2.3 5.2.3.1 5.2.3.2 5.2.3.3 5.2.3.4 5.2.3.5 5.2.4 5.2.4.1 5.2.4.2 5.2.4.3 5.2.5 5.3 5.3.1

14、 5.3.1.1 5.3.1.2 5.3.1.3 5.3.2 5.3.2.1 5.3.2.2 5.3.2.3 5.3.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.4.8 5*5 5.5.1 5.5.1.1 5.5.1.2 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.5.6 Oil pollution 6 Cleaning and gas-freeing tanks at sea 6 Characteristics of military petroleum products 6 Flammable or combustible p

15、roducts 6 Explosive mixtures . 7 Vapors with toxic effects 7 Harmful components and additives . 7 Precautions for entering and working in tanks 7 Additional precautions . 8 Machine washing 9 Working near flammable liquids . 9 Entering closed spaces . 9 Equipment 9 Personnel 9 Additional precautions

16、. 9 Discharge of hazardous materials and waste . 10 Tank ventilation . 10 Ventilation techniques . 10 Bottom extraction versus blowing . 10 Efficiency of various methods 10 Manual washing . 8 Temporary lighting precautions . 9 Ventilation after tank washing . 10 Forced ventilation . 11 Coppus blower

17、 11 Installed dry air vent system 12 Gas exhauster or eductor . 12 Natural ventilation 12 Cargo and auxiliary piping systems . 13 Cargo system . 13 Auxiliary steam system . 13 Cargo heating system . 13 Steam-smothering system 14 Carbon dioxide (CO, ) system 14 Fire and tank washing system . 14 Tank

18、washing machines 15 Butterworth machine (type K) . 15 Pyrate machines (models E. S. V and L) . 15 Sellers machine (model C) 16 Tank washing machine hoses . 16 Deck openings and plates . 16 Hosesaddle . 16 Pressure relief valve 17 Stripping system . 13 Vent system 14 Internal riggings for tank washin

19、g machine . 16 V Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-. . “.“ MIL.-HDB K.271 54 m 7779970 0020084 4 m Paragraph 5.5 7 5.5.8 5.5.9 5.5.10 5.5.11 5.5.11.1 5.5.11.2 5.5.11.3 5.5.12 I 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.1.1 5.6.1.2 5.6.1.3 5.6.1.4 5 6. 1.5 5.6.1.6

20、5.6.1.7 5.6.2 5.6.2.1 5,6.2.2 5.6.2.3 5.6.2.4 5.6.2.5 5.6.2.6 5.6.2.7 5.6.2.8 5.6.2.9 5.6.2.10 5.6.2.11 5.6.3 5.6.3.1 5.6.3.2 5.6.3.3 5.6.4 5.6.4.1 5.6.4.2 5.6.4.3 5.6.4.4 5.6.4.5 5.6.5 5.6.5.1 5.6.5.2 5.6.6 5.6.6.1 5.6.6.2 5.6.6.3 -i MIL-HDBK-291 (SH) 26 September 1986 CONTENTS . Continued Page The

21、rmometers and pressure gauges . Self-cleaning fireline strainers . Booster pumps Heat exchanger . Gas testing equipment Oxygen indicator monitors Combustible gas indicator (explosimeter) . Toxic gas detection Additional materials . Methods of gas-freeing and tank cleaning . Preparatory procedures- .

22、 Testing of lines. valvesand pumps . Preparatory flushing operations Preparatory tank stripping and pipeline circulation . Gauge lines Extension rods (reach rods) and handrails Log book . Gas-free condition . Routine machine washing Temperature and pressure . Personnel organization . Standard equipm

23、ent and material Additional equipment . Washing schedule . Drop schedule Procedure for machine washing During-operation inspections . Tank stripping during wash . Ventilation after machine washing Mucking Procedure for mucking . Mucking equipment Omission of mucking Spot washing . Organization of pe

24、rsonnel Standard equipment and material Preparatory operations . Schedule . Procedure for spot washing . Hand hosing Cleaning the tank bottom . Washing the tank bottom Chemical cleaning Machine washing with chemicals . Chemical spot washing with portable units Brush application of chemicals . Pipeli

25、ne cleaning vi . - . 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 25 25 26 27 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 33 33 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-271 5q m 9997770 0020085 b Para

26、graph 5.6.6.4 5.6.6.5 5.6.7 5.6.7.1 5.6.7.2 5.6.8 5.6.8.1 5.6.8.2 5.6.9 5.6.9.1 5.6.9.2 5.6.9.3 5.6.9.4 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.2.1 5.7.3 5.7.4 5.7.5 5.8 5.8.1 5.8.2 5.8.2.1 5.8.2.2 5.8.2.3 5.8.3 . 5.8.4 5.8.5 5.8.6 6 . 6.1 MIL-HDBK-291(SH) 26 September 1986 CONTENTS . Continued Page Chemical cleaning b

27、y the ballast and soak method 33 Mixing the chemicals . 34 Bottom flush and line circulation with solvent 34 Procedure 34 System lineup 34 Steaming and manual washing 35 Operational precautions 35 Procedure 36 Gas-freeing spaces other than main cargo tanks . 36 Fore and after peaks and double bottom

28、s 36 Bunker tanks and deep tanks 37 Cofferdams . 37 Pumproom bilges 37 Tank testing . 38 Gas-free engineer 38 Testing procedures . 38 Unsafe areas . 39 Safety test certificate . 39 Contractor operations 39 Calibration of testing instruments . 39 Guide for the preparation of cargo tanks . 39 Inspecti

29、ons . 39 Coated tanks . 39 Gas-freeing coated tanks . 40 Cleaning coated tanks to carry clean product cargo after carrying black oils . 40 Gas-freeing JP-5 tanks . 40 Procedures for special classes of tankers 40 Solvent emulsifiers 40 Critical contamination factors and possibilities . 41 Chart for c

30、argo tank cleaning 42 NOTES . 42 Subject term (key word) listing 42 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-291 5Li m 7999970 002008b B E MIL-HDBK-Zgl(SH) 26 September 1986 Figure 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13

31、 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 . Table I . . FIGURES Page Maximum permissible content of petroleum Ventilation techniques . 44 Coppus blower 45 Typical F-76 pump room piping 46 Typical JP-5 pump room piping 47 Typical F-76 cargo.oi1-stripping and recla- mation 48 G Typi

32、cal JP-5 cargo systems stripping and reclamation . 49 Auxiliary steam supply and drainage piping for fuel oil heating coils 50 Piping arrangement of a steam-smothering system . 51 Piping arrangement of a CO2 system for gasoline tanks 52 Vent system piping arrangement . 53 Cargo tank cleaning and gas

33、-freeing 54 Butterworth machine (type K) . 55 Pyrate model E 56 Pyrate model VP major 11 . 57 Pyrate model VP major 16 . 58 Sellers machine. model C . 59 O Rigging machine for spot washing . 60 Sample tank washing schedule for efficient heat transfer . 61 Typical drop schedule 62 Chemical cleaning u

34、nit installed on main deck 63 Hydraulic jet unit . 64 Air-motor-driven pump 65 Sample gas detection report form . 66 Cargo tank cleaning requirements . 67 vapors in air . 43 . TABLES Critical contamination factors and possibilities 41 viii . -. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or network

35、ing permitted without license from IHS-,-,-c MIL-HDBK-271 54 m 7777970 0020087 T MIL-HDBK-Bgl(SH) 26 September 1986 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This handbook provides basic and fundamental information for cargo tank cleaning requirements, safety precautions, equipment and procedures. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

36、 2.1 Government documents. 2.1.1 Specifications and handbook. Unless otherwise specified, the following specifications and handbook of the issue listed in that issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DoDISS) specified in the solicitation form a part of this handbook

37、 to the extent specified herein. SPECIFICATIONS MILITARY MIL-C-22230 - Cleaning Compound, Fuel Tank and Bilge. DOD-P-23236 - Paint Coating Systems, Steel. Ship Tank, Fuel and MIL-P-24441 - Paint, Epoxy-Polyamide, General Specification for. Salt Water Ballast (Metric). I HANDBOOK P MILITARY MIL-HDBK-

38、200 - Quality Surveillance Handbook for Fuels, Lubricants and Related Products. 2.1.2 Other Government publications. The following other Government publications form a part of this handbook to the extent specified herein. PUBLICATIONS NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA) S9086-CI-ST“030-CHO74V3 - Gas

39、Free Engineering (Naval Ships Technical Manual (NSTM) Chapter 074-Volume 3). S9086-T8-STM-OOO/CH593 - PoIlution Control (NSTM Chapter 593). S9593-A7-PLN-010 - Shipboard Hazardous Materials/ Hazardous Waste Management Plan. (Application for copies should be addressed to Commanding Officer, Naval Ship

40、 Weapons Systems Engineering Station, Code 5722.3, Port Hueneme, CA 93043.) DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 29 Part 1910 - Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Part 33 - US Coast Guard Regulations for Commercial Ships. (Application for copies should be addressed to

41、the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.) a Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- MIL-HDBK-271 54 W 7777770 O020088 L W MIL-HDBK-291(SH) 26 September .- 1986 (Copies of specifications, handboo

42、ks and publications required by contractors in connection with specific acquisition functions should be obtained from the contracting activity or as .directed by the contracting officer.) . 2.2 Order -of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this handbook and the references cite

43、d herein, the text.of this handbook shall take precedence. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Cold work, Cold. work. does not involve. the use of flame, heat or spark-producing tools It includes the insp.ection of tanks and .any,work which is not classified as hot work by the gas-free engineer. 3.2 Gas-freeing. Gas

44、-f reeing is the process of removing all f amable or toxic vapors and their sources from the tanks, piping systems and.other associated spaces, rendering them safe for inspection and hot repair work. In some cases (such as a Navy special fuel oil tank) removal of the-source is not necessary for insp

45、ection or cold work. For gas-free engineering program, see NAVSEA S9086-CH-S!t“030-CHO74V3. . 3.3 Hot work. Hot work involves welding, flame cutting, the use of open- flame equipment or heating metal to or above a red heat. Riveting and any cold work involving the probability of striking sparks are

46、considered hot.work except when, in the opinion of the gas-free engineer, circumstances do not require such classification. Hot work also includes all other.sources of flames, sparks or intense heat, such as lighted cigarettes, open-flame or electric cooking apparatuses, nonexplosionproof lights and

47、 electric motors. 3.4 Not safe for personnel - not safe for L hot work. Not safe for per- sonnel - not safe for hot work is the classification used when certifying and labeling (see 5.7.3 and 5.7 ;5) a space when the following conditions exist: (a) Personnel are in danger of asphyxiation due to oxyg

48、en deficiency (b) An explosion or fire hazard exists due to the p,resence of an (c) Toxic vapors are present in excess of their threshold limit (optimum range 20 to 22-percent). explosive mixture,. value (TLV) . (d) Surrounding . spaces .have not been protected as required. 3.5 Saf for personnel - n

49、ot s-afe for hot work. Safe for personnel - not safe for hot work is the classification used when certifying and labeling (see 5 7.3. and 5.7.5) -_ a. space .when the following conditions exist: (a) The oxygen content is in the optimum range (20 to 22 percent) for personnel. (b) Hydrocarbons or -other gases. i.nexcess of -the limits of toxicity are not present and are not likely to be evolve