[医学类试卷]医学博士外语模拟试卷57及答案与解析.doc

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1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 57 及答案与解析Section A（A）Melanie didnt wear the coat because she doesnt like red.（B） Melanie is allergic to wool.（C） Melanie wore the coat but broke out in a rash.（D）Melanie couldnt wear the coat because she was in a rush.（A）Hip fracture.（B） Pain in the right of his head.（C） Not knowing when

2、the pain comes.（D）Unable to point out the painful area.（A）He has just recovered from the flu.（B） He wont be able to go to the play.（C） He heard that the play isnt very good.（D）He has already seen the play.（A）Nothing but water.（B） Tylenol.（C） Aspirin.（D）Ginger tea.（A）Tennis players often injure their

3、 backs.（B） She hadnt heard about the mans problem.（C） The man should have seen the doctor.（D）She II check the mans schedule as soon as possible.（A）It depends on the wife.（B） It depends on the husband.（C） It is uncertain.（D）She does not want to give voice to her opinion.（A）Positive.（B） Cautious.（C） S

4、upportive.（D）Negative.（A）Harry acquired the diamond ring from a relative.（B） Harry spent all his money on the diamond ring.（C） The diamond ring is very expensive.（D）Harry s girlfriend is fortunate in having the diamond ring.（A）A Customs officer.（B） An Immigration and Naturalization Department office

5、r.（C） An Army officer.（D）A Visa officer.（A）She has to receive training first.（B） Thats her choice to do what she wants.（C） She should do so after consulting her husband.（D）She becomes an extreme feminist.（A）Hell get a good grade because he didnt use Internet sources.（B） He II probably do badly on th

6、e paper since he used many Internet sources.（C） He II get good marks because he used Internet sources.（D）He wonders how much he II be deducted on his paper for not using Internet sources.（A）The woman feels rather terrible.（B） The woman had an operation.（C） The woman has a serious illness.（D）The woma

7、n wants to go to the hospital.（A）More doctors should be doing research.（B） He is studying to be a doctor.（C） An important new medical treatment may be available soon.（D）He has already tried the new medicine.（A）The doctor can see the man this week.（B） Appointments must be made two weeks in advance.（C

8、） The man should call back on Friday.（D）The doctor cancelled his appointments on Friday.（A）The man.（B） Too little sleep.（C） A hat.（D）The sun.Section B（A）The anatomy of sea cucumbers.（B） How sea cucumbers protect themselves.（C） How to catch a sea cucumber.（D）The history of sea cucumbers.（A）By expelli

9、ng its organs.（B） By moving quickly.（C） By organizing itself.（D）By hiding itself.（A）There were too many organs in the sea cucumber.（B） He didn t understand why another animal would want to eat the sea cucumber.（C） He didnt understand what defense meant.（D）He didn t think it made sense to lose organs

10、 to protect the body.（A）It spit up its organs.（B） It lives on the bottom of the sea.（C） Its organs grow back quickly.（D）It has no spinal column.（A）They can cut themselves in half and survive.（B） They are spinal animals and thus need very little for life.（C） They give up their internal organs to conf

11、use their attacker.（D）Their organs are easy to grow back.（A）Use the heart-valve taken from a dead person to repair it.（B） Put in pieces of man-made heart-valve to make it normal.（C） Replace it with another heart taken from a dead person.（D）Get it repaired with a really strong pump.（A）An animals body

12、.（B） Another person who has just died.（C） A person who has more veins than he really needs.（D）The patients own body.（A）They can operate the heart-lung machine.（B） They have designed the heart-lung machine.（C） They can make the blood continue to flow round the body.（D）They do the Work of both the hea

13、rt and the lung.（A）The machine keeps the blood warm enough.（B） The machine pushes the blood back into the vessels.（C） The machine works very gently.（D）The heart is empty of blood.（A）His heart and lungs are badly damaged.（B） His blood cells are seriously damaged.（C） He is not breathing and his heart

14、is not beating.（D）His heart and lungs have stopped working.（A）How birds learn to build nests.（B） Why birds lay eggs.（C） How birds nests have evolved.（D）Why some birds nests are considered primitive.（A）Their flying ability improved greatly.（B） They became warm-blooded.（C） They began to lay eggs.（D）Th

15、ey changed their migration patterns.（A）On the ground.（B） In cold places.（C） On the highest branches of trees.（D）Inside tree trunks.（A）A primitive type of nest.（B） An elevated nest.（C） A typical cup-shaped nest.（D）A nest of twigs and branches.（A）To avoid predators.（B） To expose the eggs to stronger s

16、unlight.（C） To have a better view of predators.（D）To save labor.Section A31 We tend to notice the times that something remarkable occurred, while ignoring all the time_that nothing remarkable happened.（A）intentionally（B） distinctively（C） subconsciously（D）potentially32 That critic s writing is so obs

17、cure and dense that upon first reading, one finds its_ hard to penetrate.（A）brevity（B） rigidity（C） harmony（D）opacity33 To avoid being_, composer Stephen strives for an element of surprise in his songs.（A）erratic（B） elaborate（C） predictable（D）idiosyncratic34 Because the pandas had already been weaken

18、ed by disease and drought, a harsh winter would have had_consequences for them.（A）preventive（B） regressive（C） catastrophic（D）moderate35 The_of emotional and psychiatric disorders that can prompt a person to seek therapy is wide.（A）formula（B） coverage（C） interval（D）spectrum36 HIV and AIDS may threate

19、n the fundamental values of society, and any attempt to deal with them presents a_challenge.（A）formidable（B） fatal（C） favorable（D）fantastic37 Kelleys publicists abruptly_a planned seven-city publicity tour, announcing that their “publishing objectives have been accomplished“.（A）called off（B） called

20、down（C） called up（D）called for38 Crowding as an environmental variable is only beginning to be seriously examined and the data so far is_.（A）informative（B） inconclusive（C） inconspicuous（D）indisputable39 During the sterilization process which follows, the cans are_to steam or boiling water with the t

21、emperature and duration varying according to the type of food.（A）proportional（B） subjected（C） susceptible（D）liable40 In some physical illnesses emotional factors may be the major_elements.（A）interacting（B） composing（C） relating（D）contributingSection B41 Much of what we know about the subject on a hy

22、pothetical level can be traced to Dr. Calhoun.（A）meditative（B） presumptive（C） thoughtful（D）deceptive42 We have available to us many different ways to fulfill our nutritional needs.（A）satisfy（B） acquire（C） afford（D）standardize43 Obesity is a condition perpetuated by a diversity of factors.（A）caused（B

23、） sustained（C） modulated（D）modified44 Abandon fad diets and heed your bodys hunger cues.（A）play down（B） put up with（C） give attention to（D）get rid of45 Health is an economic and political asset.（A）wealth（B） essence（C） enterprise（D）issue46 The controversial tax fueled a sustained wrath that could not

24、 be quelled by the Prime Ministers impassioned speeches.（A）fortified（B） fostered（C） resembled（D）suppressed47 With few symptoms and signs to depend on for the diagnosis, the interns make much of past history of patient.（A）take advantage of（B） write in detail（C） request carefully（D）attach importance t

25、o48 The doctor vacillated so frequently on disease-prevention techniques that his colleagues accused him of inconsistency.（A）wavered（B） instigated（C） experimented（D）relied49 Predictably, detail-oriented workers are adept at keeping track of the myriad particulars of a situation in a surgical operati

26、on.（A）accomplished at（B） humorous about（C） hesitant about（D）contemptuous of50 Riboflavin helps the body obtain energy from carbohydrates and protein substances.（A）roots（B） flavours（C） powers（D）material一、Part Cloze50 Visual impairment carries with【C1】_ ability to travel through ones physical and soci

27、al until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited, self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate【C2】_ situations or obstacles to avoid.Orientation refers to the【C

28、3】_ map one has of ones surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. It is best generated by moving through the environment and【C4】_ together relationships, object by object, in an organized approach. With【C5】_ visual feedback to reinforce this map, a visually impaired per

29、son must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues, which enable visually impaired persons to【C6】_ their position in space.Mobility is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within ones physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to g

30、ood mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians (行人), they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as【C7】_ as possible.To meet the【C8 】_ demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence instruction that begins during the presch

31、ool years and may continue after high schools. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental【C9】_ , such as inside or outside, in fron

32、t of or behind, fast or slow, which are essential to safe,【C10】_ travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings.51 【C1 】（A）complex（B） vital（C） restricted（D）remarkable52 【C2 】（A）varying（B） difficult（C） hazardous（D）distressful53 【C3 】（A）mental（B） visual（C） graphic（D）demographic54 【C4 】（A）putting（B） g

33、etting（C） reinforcing（D）piecing55 【C5 】（A）few（B） little（C） much（D）inadequate56 【C6 】（A）testify（B） affirm（C） identify（D）certify57 【C7 】（A）flexible（B） independent（C） frequent（D）skillful58 【C8 】（A）expanding（B） extending（C） continual（D）desperate59 【C9 】（A）behaviors（B） concepts（C） awareness（D）memory60 【C

34、10 】（A）comfortable（B） effective（C） efficient（D）efficacious二、Part Reading Comprehension60 Any scientist who is not a hypocrite will admit the important part that luck plays in scientific discovery. Our estimate of the importance of luck is inherently biased: we know when we benefit from luck, but in

35、the nature of things cannot assess how often bad luck deprives us of the chance of making what might have been an important discovery.A colleague and I carried out an experiment in which little tissue fragments, which were very difficult to work with, were injected into mice of different strains. If

36、 we had been more experienced, we would have injected only white blood cells (which would have been easier to handle) into the mice. We now know that if we had done this, we would not have discovered actively acquired tolerance because the grafts would have in effect rejected their hosts. Obviously,

37、 we were lucky, but our scientific training enabled us to recognize the significance of the accident. I think, therefore, that there was no need for the distinguished neu-rophysiologist Hodgkin to refer to his “feeling of guilt about suppressing the part which chance and good fortune played in what

38、now seems to be a rather logical development.“It might nevertheless seem as if luck plays a dominant role in scientific discovery. I would like to challenge this view for the following reasons; we sometimes describe as “lucky“ a person who wins a prize in a lottery at long odds; but if we describe t

39、he accidental discovery on a park bench of a lottery ticket that turns out to be the winning one?The two cases are quite different. A person who buys a lottery ticket is putting himself or herself in the way of winning a prize. This individual has, so to speak, purchased candidacy for such a turn of

40、 events and all the rest is a matter of mathematical probabilities. So it is with scientists. A scientist is anyone who, by observations and experiments conducted, by the literature read, and even by the company kept, puts himself or herself in the way of making a discovery. These individuals, by de

41、liberate action, have enormously enlarged their awarenesstheir candidacy for good fortuneand will not take into account evidence of a kind that a beginner or a casual observer would probably overlook or misinterpret. I honestly do not think that blind luck of the kind enjoyed by someone who finds a

42、winning lottery ticket for which he or she has not paid plays an important part in science or that many important discoveries arise from the casual intersection of two lines.Nearly all successful scientists have emphasized the importance of preparedness of mind, and I want to emphasize that this pre

43、paredness of mind is worked for and paid for by a great deal of exertion and reflection. If these exertions lead to a discovery, then I think it would be inappropriate to credit such a discovery to luck.61 The outcome of the experiment described in Lines 1 -4 (Para.2) suggests that_.（A）luck worked a

44、gainst the scientists at first（B） the injection of only white blood cells into the mice allowed the two scientists to make the discovery（C） the mice represented the perfect animals on which to conduct the experiment（D）the scientists involved were able to capitalize on luck62 The word “deliberate“ (L

45、ine 5, Para.4)is closest to _in meaning.（A）cunning（B） compelling（C） cautious（D）intentional63 The author implies that a scientist achieves “candidacy for good fortune“ (Line 6, Para. 4) by_.（A）making careful and repeated mathematical calculations（B） playing hunches rather than depending on research（C

46、） performing enough experiments to increase the statistical probability of success（D）obtaining knowledge that allows him or her to recognize important evidence64 The meaning of the phrase “casual intersection of two lines“ (Last sentence, Para. 4) is most clearly conveyed by which of the following?（

47、A）Informal kinds of experiments.（B） Two detailed plans.（C） Geometrically precise experiments.（D）Unanticipated coincidence.65 The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（A）delineate a single definition of luck（B） show that scientists discover what they intend to find（C） compare science to a game（D）sha

48、re the pleasure in making scientific discoveries65 Edna was not in the least surprised by my offer. I hitched the traveling-can containing the food on to the carrier. I didnt want to ride on the rough approach to the house so I rolled the bicycle the short distance from the house to the mad while Ed

49、na walked beside me. Mounting the vehicle with the can on the back and Edna on the cross-bar proved a little tricky, I solved the problem by getting on the seat first and keeping the bicycle stationary with one foot resting firmly on the ground. Then Edna climbed on the bar sitting sideways; and I pushed off. The excitement of having her so close within my arms and the perfume of her hair in my nose would have proved overpowering if I