[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷145及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 145 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 It has been justly said that while “ we speak with our vocal organs we【B1 】_with our whole bodies. “ All of us communicate with on

2、e another【B2】_, as well as with words. Sometimes we know what we re doing, as with the use of gestures such as the thumbs-up sign to indicate that we【B3】_. But most of the time we re not aware that we re doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else s eyes and【B4】_. These actions w

3、e【B5】_are random and incidental. But researchers【B6】_that there is a system of them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language, and they conclude that there is a whole【B7】_of body language,【B8】_the way we move, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we【B9】_, the

4、 extent to which we touch and distance we stand【B10】_each other.Body language serves a variety of purposes. Firstly it can replace verbal communication, 【B11】_with the use of gesture. Secondly it can modify verbal communication. Loudness and【B12】_of voice is an example here. Thirdly it regulates soc

5、ial interaction: turn taking is largely governed by non-verbal【 B13】_Fourthly it conveys our emotions and attitude. This is【B14】_important for successful cross-cultural communication.Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its nuances【B15】_with spoken language. The way an Englis

6、hman crosses his legs is【B16】_like the way a male American does it. When we communicate with people from other cultures, the body language sometimes help make the communication easy and【B17】_, such as shaking hand is such a 【B18】_gesture that people all over the world know that it is a signal for gr

7、eeting. But sometimes the body language can cause certain misunderstanding【B19】_people of different cultures often have different forms of behavior for sending the same message or have different【B20 】_towards the same body signals.1 【B1 】（A）address（B） reverse（C） converse（D）confer2 【B2 】（A）nonverball

8、y（B） verbally（C） vocally（D）univocally3 【B3 】（A）refuse（B） approve（C） suspect（D）alert4 【B4 】（A）look up（B） look down（C） look away（D）look back5 【B5 】（A）resume（B） assume（C） presume（D）consume6 【B6 】（A）have discovered（B） have invented（C） pointed out（D）have revealed7 【B7 】（A）level（B） extent（C） group（D）range

9、8 【B8 】（A）included（B） including（C） include（D）inclusive9 【B9 】（A）wear（B） put on（C） bring（D）hold10 【B10 】（A）to（B） between（C） within（D）from11 【B11 】（A）as if（B） when（C） as（D）like12 【B12 】（A）pitch（B） tone（C） frequency（D）volume13 【B13 】（A）signs（B） gestures（C） movements（D）signals14 【B14 】（A）specifically（B）

10、 specially（C） particularly（D）equally15 【B15 】（A）also（B） along（C） besides（D）alone16 【B16 】（A）nothing（B） something（C） anything（D）none17 【B17 】（A）efficient（B） affective（C） effective（D）effectual18 【B18 】（A）unusual（B） unique（C） ordinary（D）universal19 【B19 】（A）hence（B） since（C） thus（D）and20 【B20 】（A）inter

11、pretations（B） implicative（C） understanding（D）implicationsPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The relentless march of technology into everyday life has always given rise to debate about whether it is a good or a

12、 bad thing. Some believe that the Internet and computer software are making humans more stupid or shallow. But others argue that computer programs in the form of video games can make people smarter or improve specific skills, such as spatial awareness.Shawn Green and Alexandre Pouget, from the Unive

13、rsity of Rochester, in New York state, set out to find an answer. Their study, reported in Current Biology, involved a number of experiments. In one,the participants had to watch 12 dots moving randomly on a screen and quickly assess their aggregate direction of movement. Another test asked particip

14、ants to work out the direction of specific sounds embedded within stereo white noise. In both tests the video-gamers did better. However, the scientists were aware that gamers could have been born with improved abilities to perform such tasks,which were possibly what attracted them to gaming in the

15、first place. Consequently, a third test was necessary to see if these abilities could have been learnt.The non-gaming volunteers were put through 50 hours of video-game training. For some this involved playing fast-action shoot-em-up games such as “ Call of Duty 2 “ and “ Unreal Tournament“ , but ot

16、hers were given a slow-moving life-strategy game, “The Sims 2“. The researchers found that those trained with action games raised their performance to the level of the experienced gamers. Moreover, they were more efficient in their use of visual or auditory evidence than those playing with the Sims.

17、The researchers conclude that fast action video-games players develop an enhanced sensitivity to what is going on around them and that this may help with activities such as multitasking, driving, reading small print, navigation and keeping track of friends or children in a crowd. The precise neural

18、mechanism for this effect, however, is still unknown.What is known is that people make decisions based on probabilities that are constantly being calculated and refined in their headssomething called “probabilistic inference“. The brain collects small pieces of information, eventually gathering enou

19、gh to make an accurate decision. When driving a car, for example, many probabilities will be collated to make decisions such as whether or not to brake. The more efficient someone is at collecting visual and auditory information, the faster he can reach the threshold needed to make a decision.Shawn

20、Green, Alexandre Pouget suggest that reaction times in the population will probably improve with the rise of fast-action video-games. There are a lot of players: last year a report estimated that 67% of American households contained at least one video-gamer. And if video-gamers are really better equ

21、ipped to make quick decisions, they might also turn out to be better drivers and end up in fewer accidents. However, the notion that gamers acquire some minor physical skills may not pacify concerned parents. What,after all,of the skills they are not acquiring when shooting virtual cops instead of r

22、eading or talking?21 The problem of first two experiments lies in that_.（A）they are too simple to support researchers assumption（B） they do lead to unambiguous conclusion（C） they focus on irrelevant skills of participants（D）they do not seperate video-gamers from non-gamers22 The conclusion drawn by

23、researchers is that_.（A）the skills of playing video games can be perfected by practice（B） playing video games make people smarter（C） those who play action video games are more efficient in collecting sensory information around them（D）video-gamers performance in fulfilling specific tasks is better th

24、an non-gamers23 According to Paragraph 5,people make decisions based on_.（A）visual and auditory information in the surroundings（B） meaningful processing of relevant information（C） rapid calculating of the possibility of an event（D）quickly reaching the threshold of decision-making24 It is suggested i

25、n the last paragragh that viedo-gamers parents will_Shawn Green and Alexandre Pougets findings.（A）sniff at（B） applaud at（C） take a relief with（D）give a cold shoulder to25 It can be inferred from the text that_.（A）the improvement of average reaction time of American is oweing to fast-action video gam

26、e playing（B） accute perception of surrounding information is essential to human beings survival in this society（C） more and more Americans will be advocated to play fast-action video games because it can help to reduce accidents on roads（D）not all video games will lead to better perceptual skills25

27、The average American drinks a gallon of soda a week, which delivers roughly 1, 000 calories and no nutrition. The average American is also overweight or obese. Could changing one of those things help change the other?A growing number of officials think so, which accounts for a spate of proposed new

28、taxes on soda as a way to discourage consumption while at the same time raising money to fund other obesity-fighting initiatives. Some 20 states and cities, from New Mexico to Baltimore, contemplated soda taxes this spring.The reaction against them has been swift and fierce. In March, scores of soda

29、-company employees sporting Pepsi, Coke and 7-Up gear swarmed the Kansas state senate to fight a proposal that would have added a penny in tax for each teaspoon of sugar in a nonjuice drink. That would have increased the price of a 12-oz. soda by about 10 and generated some $ 90 million in revenue a

30、 year. “ I thought this is a wise choice,“ says state senator John Vratil, who, like counterparts across the country, has been struggling to address both a recession-induced budget gap and rising public-health costs stemming from obesity. Instead, he got an earful about how a soda tax would kill job

31、s, burden the poor and constitute an unwelcome government intrusion into the American diet.Government involvement in what Americans eat is nothing new. But why tax soda and not, say, ice cream, pizza or Oreos or, for that matter, the video games that discourage kids from going outside to run around?

32、 Washington city-council member Mary Cheh says its because soda is where scientists have observed the clearest link to excess pounds. When Cheh set out to fund her Healthy Schools Act, which would raise food and physical-education standards at schools in D. C. where about 40% of kids are overweight

33、or obese she didnt know shed wind up going after soda. But the data overwhelmed her: The amount of soda the typical American drinks has grown by roughly 500% over the past 60 years, and of the 250 to 300 calories a day Americans have, on average, added to their diets since the late 1970s,nearly half

34、 have come from sugared drinks. “I dont want to prescribe taxes for all sorts of dietary choices, “ says Cheh,“ but if we were going to only target one thing to make a material difference, soda would be it. “The tougher question is whether increasing the price of soda would, in fact, reduce the numb

35、er of calories people consume. Some research indicates the answer is yes. Other research leaves room for doubt. Though studies do show that a 10% increase in the price of soda leads people to purchase about 10% less of it,that doesnt necessarily mean folks arent making up for those calories elsewher

36、e.How do people feel about soda taxes? In April,the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute asked residents of New York State if they supported or opposed a “ fat tax“ on nondiet sugared soda. Thirty-one percent were in favor, and 66% were opposed. Yet when asked if they would support such a tax if

37、the money raised were used to fund health care, people changed their opinions dramatically, with 48% in favor and just 49% opposed.26 The officials proposed new taxes on soda for all these purposes Except_.（A）reducing citizens calorie intake（B） increasing government revenue（C） bridging the gap betwe

38、en the rich and the poor（D）raising money for public-health programs27 Which proverb can best illustrate the attempt of senator John Vratil?（A）Kill the goose that laid the golden egg.（B） You cannot eat your cake and have it.（C） Beating the grass and startling the snake.（D）Killing two birds with one s

39、tone.28 According to Paragraph 4,scientists chose soda for taxation because_.（A）they find no correlation between other food and obesity（B） soda tax is much easier to implement than other food tax（C） too much soda has been consumed in the past three decades（D）the correlation between soda and obesity

40、is most distinct29 Soda tax will lead to decrease in_.（A）soda drinking（B） calorie in-take（C） children obesity rate（D）employment rate30 According to the poll in the last paragraph, citizens attitude toward soda tax is_.（A）divided（B） uncertain（C） positive（D）contradictory30 This fall the Pew Research C

41、enter, in association with TIME, conducted a nationwide poll exploring the contours of modern marriage and the new American family. And of all the transformations our family structures have undergone in the past 50 years, perhaps the most profound is the marriage differential that has opened between

42、 the rich and the poor. In 1960 the median household income of married adults was 12% higher than that of single adults, after adjusting for household size. By 2008 this gap had grown to 41% . In other words, the richer and more educated you are,the more likely you are to marry,or to be married or,

43、conversely, if youre married, youre more likely to be well off.To begin the question of why the wealth disparity between the married and the unmarried has grown so much,it might be useful to take a look at the brief but illustrative marriage of golfer Greg Norman and tennis star Chris Evert, who mar

44、ried in June 2008 and divorced 15 months later. From all reports, their union had many of the classic hallmarks of modern partnerships. The bride and groom had roughly equal success in their careers. Being wealthy, sporty and blond,they had similar interests.This is typical of the way many marriages

45、 start. Americans are increasingly marrying people who are on the same socioeconomic and educational level. Since more women than men have graduated from college for several decades, its more likely than it used to be that a male college graduate will meet, fall in love with, wed and share the salar

46、y of a woman with a degree. Womens advances in education have roughly paralleled the growth of the knowledge economy, so the slice of the family bacon she brings home will be substantial.On the face of it, this might explain why fewer people are married. They want to finish college first. In 2010 th

47、e median age of men getting hitched for the first time is 28. 2 ,and for women its 26. 1. Its gone up about a year every decade since the 60s.But heres the rub. In the past two decades, people with only a high school education started to get married even later than college graduates. In 1990 more hi

48、gh-school-educated couples than college graduates had made it to the altar by age 30. By 2007 it was the other way around. What has brought about the switch? Its not any disparity in desire. According to the Pew survey, 46% of college graduates want to get married, and 44% of the less educated do.Pr

49、omising publicly to be someones partner for life used to be something people did to lay the foundation of their independent life. It was the declaration of adulthood. Now its more of a finishing touch,the last brick in the edifice,sociologists believe. “Marriage is the capstone for both the college-educated and the less well educated,“ says Johns Hopkins Cherlin. “ The college-educated wait until they