[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编6及答案与解析.doc

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1、管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 6 及答案与解析一、Reading Comprehension0 Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human beingexecutive, specialized expert, or person in the street encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she e

2、xplored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in

3、a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it.A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for

4、the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing“ faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesnt end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at late

5、r meetings.There is a better. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, “It isnt who is right, but what is right, that counts.“The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology the gap between

6、 experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, its possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of

7、 conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isnt possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, its possible to organize the experts info

8、rmation to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group: its a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.1 Fr

9、om the first paragraph we can learn that_.（A）executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the street（B） very few people decide before they think（C） those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do so（D）people tend to consider carefully before making decisions2 Judgin

10、g from the context, what does the word “them“(Line 4, Paragraph 2)refer to?（A）Decision makers.（B） The “losing“ faction.（C） Anger, resentment, and jealousy.（D）Other people.3 Aldous Huxleys remark(Paragraph 3)implies that_.（A）there is a subtle difference between right and wrong（B） we cannot tell who i

11、s right and what is wrong（C） what is right is more important than who is right（D）what is right accounts for the question who is right4 According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is_.（A）to make decision by debate（B） to apply the Internet and wireless computer technology（C）

12、 to brake on the thinking process, slowing it down（D）to create a level of conceptual clarity5 The structured-inquiry process can be useful for_.（A）decision makers（B） intelligence analysis meeting（C） the experts information（D）marketing focus groups5 Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with

13、television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator(the television audience)will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologi

14、es will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by tele

15、vision and the spectator will only have to choose. The review “Sports Illustrated “ recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occ

16、upying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present, they could watch from the trainers stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the sane options the pr

17、oducer of the recorded programmer has to select replays, to choose which camera to me and to decide on the sound whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on.Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies will believe that spo

18、rt must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popula

19、r than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that television harming the modest team. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audience.The world is being co

20、nstructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.The most visionary executives go further. That philosophy is: rather than see

21、television take over sport why not have sports taken over television?6 What does the writer mean by use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage“ in the first paragraph?（A）Sport is combined with television.（B） Sport controls television.（C） Television dictates sports.（D）Sport and television will go th

22、eir own ways.7 What does “they“ in Line 2, Paragraph 2 stand for?（A）Broadcasts.（B） Channels.（C） Spectators.（D）Technologies.8 How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?（A）They are too old to do anything.（B） They feel ill at ease.（C） They feel completely at home.（D）Technologies can

23、go hand in hand with sports.9 What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?（A）The philosophy of visionary executives.（B） The process of television taking over sport.（C） Television coverage expansion.（D）An example to show how sport has taken over television.10 What might be the appropria

24、te title of this passage?（A）The Arguments of Sports Executives（B） The Philosophy of Visionary Executives（C） Sports and Television in the 21 st Century（D）Sports: A Business10 Convenience food helps companies by creating growth, but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the fo

25、undation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates households citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, c

26、ooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150,000 years could be destroyed.Meals have certainly sated from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families stru

27、ggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the days first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the corn flake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and th

28、e cereal bar.Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook, one of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of cooks and television programmer on cooking has

29、multiplied. But perhaps this isnt a paradox. Maybe it is because people cant cook any more, so they need to be told how to do it, or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbiesgolf, yachtingnot about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.Although everybody lives in t

30、he kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silversteins new book, “trading up“ look at mid-range consumers milling now to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cook pot, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitch

31、en as theater“ trend in hour goods. They cost from $1,000 to $9,000. Some 75% of them are never used.Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food, of course there is nothing bad about ready to eat food itself. You dont get much healthier than an apple, and supermarkets se

32、ll a better for you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat, and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat. The three Harvard economists in their paper “Why have Americans become more obese?“ point out that in the pas

33、t, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energy a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy, which discouraged of consumption of that cost of food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut an

34、d double cook their own fries these days. Who has the time?11 What might the previous paragraphs deal with?（A）The relationship between meals and convenience food.（B） The importance of convenience food in peoples life.（C） The rise of convenience food.（D）The history of food industry.12 What is the par

35、adox in the third paragraph?（A）People dont know how to cook.（B） The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.（C） People are becoming more obese, thus unhealthy.（D）Convenience food actually does not save people thrift.13 What does the passage mainly discuss?（A）The bad effects of convenience foo

36、d.（B） Mr. Silversteins new book.（C） Peoples new hobby.（D）Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.14 Why has American become more obese?（A）Because of eating chips.（B） Because of being busy.（C） Because of being lazy.（D）B and C15 Which of the following might the author mostly agree with?（A）Ther

37、e is nothing bad about convenience food.（B） Convenience food makes people lazy.（C） Convenience food helps companies grow.（D）Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.15 Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the mar

38、ked details given in the left column, there are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the governments role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes“ on unhealthy food and introduce

39、 cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of poor diet. The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free business from public health regulations. But senio

40、r medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt, or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonalds. They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britains addiction to unhealthy

41、 food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking. “Thirty years a

42、go, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,“ said the leader of the UKs childrens doctors. Lansley has alarmed h

43、ealth campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the cel

44、ebrity chef Jamie Olivers high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing“ people was not the best way to change their behavior. Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisement for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9

45、pm and limiting them on billboards or cinemas. “If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calories fast food in the same way as cigarettes - by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,“ he said. Such a move could affect firms such a

46、s McDonalds, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements“ such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said. Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psyc

47、hiatrists, said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.“ He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones“ around schools and hospitals areas within which takeaways cannot open. A Depart

48、ment of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new responsibility deal with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publi

49、sh a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.“ The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.16 Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of New Boeing and Airbus aircraft.17 The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.18 Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other plan